/高三普通部上學(xué)期期末模擬(二)英語第一部分昕力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)1.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttobuy?A.Acake.B.Anumbrella.C.Someflowers.2.WhenwillTomandAnnegetmarried?A.InJune.B.InJuly.C.InAugust.3.WhydoesthemanprefershoppingatBrown’s?A.It’smuchbigger.B.It’snewlyopened.C.It’slesscrowded.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Salesmanandcustomer.5Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Negotiatingadeal.B.Discussingareport.C.Planningacampaign.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽第6段錄音，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesMikedecidetodointhenewyear?A.Adoptahealthylifestyle.B.Openanotherfitnessclub.C.Helpthewomanworkout.7.Whatdoesthestatisticshow?A.Competitionamonggymsisheatingup.B.Membershipfeesforgymshaveincreased.C.Somegym-goers’enthusiasmisshort-lived.聽第7段錄音，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdoesthemaninviteFennytodoinLondon?A.Watchashow.B.Gosightseeing.C.Visitaschool.9.WherewillFennymeetKatie?A.Atanartmuseum.B.Ataclothescompany.C.Atanexhibitioncentre.10.WhatdoesthemanthinkofKatie?A.She’sambitious.B.She’sopen-minded.C.She’senergetic.聽第8段錄音，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutregardingsmartphoneuse?A.Datasecurity.B.Phoneaddiction.C.Environmentalrisks.12.Whydoesthemanalwayskeephisphoneon?A.Hehatesmissingcalls.B.Hereliesonthealarm.C.Heneedsthelatestnews.13.Whatdoesthewomandotoherphoneeverynight?A.Turnitoffforawhile.B.Updatetheapplications.C.Deleteunnecessaryfiles.聽第9段錄音，回答第14至16題。14.WhatdoesProfessorMooreexpectthestudentstodoinclass?A.Keepsilentandlistencarefully.B.Takeanactivepartindiscussions.C.Makeasmanynotesaspossible.15.Whichcarriesthemostweightinthefinalgrade?A.Themidtermtest.B.Thefinalexam.C.Theresearchpaper.16.WhatwillProfessorMooredonext?A.Talkaboutthetextbook.B.Gothroughareadinglist.C.Assignsomehomework.聽第10段錄音，回答第17至20題。17.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Topresentaguest.B.Tosellabook.C.Toshareastory.18.WhatdidMelvilledoinSanFrancisco?A.Hejoinedajazzband.B.Hestartedamagazine.C.Hetaughtatacollege.19.WhendidMelvillereturntoLondon?A.In1987.B.In1992.C.In1997.20.WhatisMelville’sbookaimedat?A.Recommendingacontemporarymusician.B.Promotingthestudyofblackdancemusic.CDrawingpublicattentiontomusiceducation.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2、5分，滿分37.5分)AJoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.SkillsfortheWorkplaceTeensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.We’llreflectonchallengingworksituations,discusshowtorespondtothem,andlearnaboutresourcesavailableforsupport.Date:Wednesday,July10Location:ParkchesterLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsAdultArtWorkshopJoinusforabasicpaintingusingwatercolorsorcoloringpencils.Coloringpromoteswellness,andalsostimulatesbrainareasrelatedtomotorskills,thesenses,andcreativity.Allmaterialswillbeprovided.NoRegistrationrequired.Date:Monday,August12Location:CastleHillLibraryAudience:AdultsSTEAMCraftsandChatLearnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.Firstcome,firstserved.Date:Wednesday,September4Location:HarryBelafonteLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsFamilyStorytimeJoinusforsongs,rhymes,andfavoriteread-aloudbooksinthisstorytimethat’sfunforthewholefamily.Foryoungchildrenofallages.Idealforcaregiverswithmultiple-agedchildren.Date:Friday,September6Location:RiverdaleLibraryAudience:Pre-schoolersIfyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheeventslistedabove,pleasecontactthebranchformoreinformation.SeehereforserviceupdatesattheLibrary.1.Whichbranchlibraryshouldteenschooseiftheywanttopracticeessentialjobskills?A.ParkchesterLibrary. B.CastleHillLibrary.C.HarryBelafonteLibrary. D.RiverdaleLibrary.2.WhatcanparticipantsdointheprogramSTEAMCraftsandChat?A.Designa3Dprinter. B.DIYhand-madejewelry.C.Learntoserveothers. D.ExploretheNewYorkcity.3.Whatdotheprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyaretargetedatteenagers. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyareavailableallsummer. D.Theyneedtoberegisteredinadvance.【正確答案】1.A2.B3.B【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了紐約公共圖書館的幾個(gè)免費(fèi)項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章SkillsfortheWorkplace中的“Teensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.(青少年復(fù)習(xí)職場技能，為進(jìn)入職場做準(zhǔn)備。)”以及“Location:ParkchesterLibrary(地點(diǎn)：帕克切斯特圖書館)”可知，帕克切斯特圖書館，能夠練習(xí)必要的職業(yè)技能。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章STEAMCraftsandChat中“Learnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.(了解如何3D打印自己的設(shè)計(jì)，通過繪畫和涂鴉表達(dá)你的創(chuàng)造力，手工制作珠寶，以及更多活動(dòng)，都在我們每周舉辦的STEAM工藝與交流工作坊中。)”可知，在這里能自己動(dòng)手制作的手工珠寶。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“JoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.(今年夏天，加入我們在紐約公共圖書館的探索之旅！發(fā)現(xiàn)為孩子們、青少年和成年人提供的免費(fèi)項(xiàng)目。)”可知，這些項(xiàng)目都是免費(fèi)的。故選B。BGrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.Ithenmovedontomakinglittlecupsandsaucersfromsilverfoil(箔紙)forthemagicalcreatures.Whenseeingmywork,mymothertoldmethatthesmallerImadethings,thebiggermynamewouldbecome.Astheyearswentby,mydesignsbecamemorecomplicated.Makingsculpturesisn’tactuallyenjoyable.Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.Ihavetoholdmybreathduringthesculptingprocess.Onetime,aflylandedonaCinderellacarriagesculptureIwasworkingon.Thefly’swingsblewitaway,anditwaslost.Iwasheartbroken.Anothertime,IaccidentallybreathedinamicroscopicAlicefromAliceinWonderland.AliceisnowintheWonderlandforever.Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.Mysculptureshavetakenmetoincredibleplaces.In2012,Imetthequeen,givingheracrownontheheadofapin.In2013,IreceivedmyfirstGuinnessWorldRecordforcreatingthesmallestsculpturebyhand,a24-caratgoldmotorbikethatfittedinsideahair.In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎兒)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.Iwasdiagnosedwithautism(自閉癥)asanadult.Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.Iholdworkshopsinschoolsforneurodiversechildren,sharingmystoryandhelpingthemcreatetheirownminiaturefigures.Themicroscopicworldhasalwaysbeenmyhappyplace.I’vetriedtomakebiggersculptures,butsmallisbestforme.Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.4.Whatdrovetheauthortomaketinysculptureatthebeginning?A.Hisinterestininsects. B.Hisdesiretomakeaname.C.Hisdreamofsettingarecord. D.Hisawarenessofwildlifeprotection.5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’ssculptingprocess?A.Eventfulandenjoyable. B.Complexandfrustrating.C.Money-wastingbutentertaining. D.Time-consumingbutfulfilling.6.Howdoestheauthordealwithhisautismnow?A.Hereceivesmedicaltreatment. B.Hetakesfulladvantageofit.C.Heregardsitasthesourceoffailure. D.Hesharesitandaskshelpfromothers.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlyconveythroughthetext?A.Greatartcomesatacostofloss. B.Childhoodexperiencesmakeacareer.C.Minorthingsinlifecancarryweight. D.Couragecontributestogreatachievements.【正確答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者利用自己的自閉癥來讓自己變得更好的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“GrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.(我小時(shí)候在英國長大，對昆蟲很著迷。為了保護(hù)它們，我開始用小塊木頭和樹葉為螞蟻建造房屋。)”可知，對昆蟲的興趣驅(qū)使作者在一開始制作雕塑作品。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.(我有時(shí)一天工作16個(gè)小時(shí)，不間斷地工作，完成一件雕塑需要3個(gè)月的時(shí)間。)”；第三段“Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.(但它確實(shí)給了我第二次做一個(gè)更好的機(jī)會(huì)。)”以及第四段“In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎兒)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.(2017年，我用一個(gè)0.078毫米乘0.053毫米的人類胎兒雕塑打破了我的記錄。)”可知，作者的雕刻過程耗時(shí)但令人有成就感。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.(在學(xué)校里，我的老師把我當(dāng)作失敗的例子；現(xiàn)在，我把我的自閉癥看作是一份禮物。它促使我成為最好的自己。)”可知，作者充分利用了自己自閉癥。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.(我們需要欣賞生活中的小事。小事情也可以是強(qiáng)大的。)”可知，作者通過文章想表達(dá)的是生活中的小事也很有分量。故選C。CHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.8.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices. B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.9.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.CAvoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.11.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.【正確答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人驚訝的是，答案是B型這種人性的怪癖被稱為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年擔(dān)任賓夕法尼亞州議會(huì)書記員時(shí)遇到了這種現(xiàn)象。一個(gè)有權(quán)有勢的成員不喜歡富蘭克林，并威脅要讓他的生活很痛苦。該怎么辦？富蘭克林沒有用甜言蜜語來說服他，而是問他是否可以借他擁有的一本珍貴的書。這個(gè)請求改變了男人的態(tài)度，為他們的友誼鋪平了道路。富蘭克林的結(jié)論是：“曾經(jīng)善待過你的人，會(huì)比你所善待的人更愿意為你做另一件事。”)”可推斷，作者提到本杰明·富蘭克林的經(jīng)歷為了介紹“本杰明·富蘭克林效應(yīng)”的起源。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理學(xué)家稱之為認(rèn)知失調(diào)。同時(shí)持有兩種相互矛盾的思想是很難的。這讓我們感到不舒服。)”

可知，人們傾向于喜歡尋求幫助的人是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)知失調(diào)，即避免持有矛盾的想法帶來的不適。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，更確切地說，這是請求所傳達(dá)的親和動(dòng)機(jī)。也就是說，我們?nèi)祟愊Ｍc他人保持良好的關(guān)系，而實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的一種方式就是幫助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我們喜歡成為有用的人，推而廣之，我們喜歡那些給我們這樣做機(jī)會(huì)的人。這是我們的基因。)”可推斷，劃線詞所在句說明人類希望通過幫助他人來保持良好的關(guān)系，這解釋了無私的行為，因此推斷畫線詞與selfless“無私的”意思相近。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我們對本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)還有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都適用嗎？有沒有一個(gè)點(diǎn)，超過了這個(gè)點(diǎn)，請求別人幫忙會(huì)讓你更不討人喜歡，而不是更討人喜歡？借書是一回事；向別人借車是另一回事。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)有情境限制。故選C。DAtonetime,ourgrowingpopulationwasseenascentraltowildlifeextinction,resourceexhaustion,pollutionandenvironmentaldestruction.Buttoday,ourconcernsshifttodecliningbirthratesduetoincreasedreproductivechoiceforwomen.Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.Lostintheconversationarethemanypositiveaspectsofanagingsociety,whichistheresultofpeoplelivinghealthierandlongerlives,andcommon-senserealitieslikereducedneedsforinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andlowerecologicalimpacts.Alsolostisthefactthatourpopulationstillgrowsby80millionpeopleeveryyear.Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.Infact,increasedemissions(排放)frompopulationgrowthhavecanceledmorethanthreequartersoftheemissionssavedthroughenergyefficiencyandrenewablesoverthepastthreedecades.Yet,nomatterhowwelldocumentedthelinkbetweenpopulationandclimate,loweringourpopulationisnotablyabsentfromtheconversationonsolutions.Instead,thefocusisontechnologythatwillsupposedlyallowourentiregrowingpopulationtoenjoytheenergy-intensivelifestylesnowenjoyedbytherich,andwithnoclimateimpacts.But“green”technologyisnotthesolutionitisadvertisedtobe.Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.Besides,itrequires10timesthelandareaasfossilfuelplantsforthesameamountofenergygenerated.Whenglobalwarmingthreatenstopushbillionsintounsafetemperatures,itisnotimetopanicthatweareaddingfewertothosebillions.Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.12Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Theglobalpopulationisdecreasingeveryyear.B.Thebenefitsofanagingsocietyareoverlooked.C.Theecologicalenvironmentisturningforthebetter.D.Themediamakeupmisleadingnewsaboutthepopulation.13.Whatishighlightedasadisadvantageofhighbirthrates?A.Reducedinfrastructureneeds. B.Challengesinseniorcareservices.C.Aslowdownineconomicgrowth. D.Increasedgreenhousegasemissions.14.Whyis“green”technologyquestionedinthetext?A.Itdoesdamagetotheecosystem. B.Itisnotpopulararoundtheworld.C.Itisunaffordableforpoorregions. D.Ithaslittleeffectonreducingpollution.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AgingSocieties:AGlobalCrisis B.TheMysteryof“Green”TechnologyC.TheTrendofPopulationGrowth D.DecliningBirthRates:AHopefulSign【正確答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低帶來的積極影響?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.(這是一個(gè)積極的發(fā)展，但媒體經(jīng)常將其描述為“危機(jī)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)和老年人護(hù)理方面的挑戰(zhàn)。)”以及下文中介紹的人口老齡化帶來的積極影響被人們忽略的事實(shí)可知，在第二段我們了解到的是老齡化社會(huì)的好處被人們忽略。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.(高出生率的后果是嚴(yán)重的。其中之一就是全球變暖。)”以及下文中介紹的高出生率導(dǎo)致排放量增加的情況可知，高出來率的缺點(diǎn)是造成溫室氣體排放增加。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.(它的擴(kuò)張要達(dá)到為不斷增長的人口提供體面生活所需的程度，本身就需要對化石燃料(化石)進(jìn)行驚人的投資。它還需要大規(guī)模的采礦作業(yè)，其中許多是在非洲的低工資工人的支持下進(jìn)行的，這正在破壞對類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林。)”可知，“綠色”技術(shù)的擴(kuò)張需要對化石燃料進(jìn)行大量投資，大規(guī)模的采礦作業(yè)，破壞了對類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林，由此可知，“綠色”技術(shù)被質(zhì)疑的原因是它破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及最后一段中“Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.(事實(shí)上，出生率下降應(yīng)該是值得慶祝的，因?yàn)樗鼈儤?biāo)志著性別平等的進(jìn)步和地球負(fù)擔(dān)的減輕)”可知，本文主要討論了出生率下降的積極意義，所以D選項(xiàng)“出生率下降：一個(gè)充滿希望的跡象”概括全文主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____16____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____17____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____18____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____19____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____20____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.【正確答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章講述了警察為什么被稱為cops的由來。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞是“copper”的縮寫，來自警察佩戴的銅徽章。也有人說它代表“警察總隊(duì)”。)”可知，關(guān)于“cop”這個(gè)昵稱的起源存在爭議。因此推斷E項(xiàng)“但這個(gè)綽號(hào)的起源卻存在爭議。”符合語境。故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，關(guān)于“cop”一詞起源的普遍共識(shí)表明，這個(gè)詞更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服裝或頭銜。在拉丁語中，動(dòng)詞capere可以被定義為“捕獲”。在法語中，動(dòng)詞是caper?！癟ocop”在英語中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的語言中有不同的詞定義了警察的部分工作，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“這些詞定義了警察的部分工作”總結(jié)上文，thesewords指代前文的詞匯。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.（一些人還認(rèn)為，荷蘭語kapen也可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)。從本質(zhì)上講，警察的存在是為了把罪犯趕出街頭。)”和下文“AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.(由于美式英語主要來源于德語、法語和拉丁語，kapen或capere的特定語言來源為“cop”一詞創(chuàng)造了一條現(xiàn)成的路徑。)”可知，荷蘭語kapen可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)，美式英語來自德語，法語和拉丁語，因此推斷B項(xiàng)“荷蘭語和法語的術(shù)語都很相似”承上啟下。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“And

it

is

no

longer

considered

rude.(它不再被認(rèn)為是粗魯?shù)摹?”可知，現(xiàn)在稱警察為cops不粗魯，是合適的。因此推斷G項(xiàng)“今天，把警察稱為cop是恰當(dāng)?shù)?。”符合語境，下文是對此的詳細(xì)解釋。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.(“cop”這個(gè)詞現(xiàn)在被如此普遍地使用，以至于一個(gè)記錄他們工作的節(jié)目被稱為“Cops”。盡管J·埃德加·胡佛曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)烈反對這個(gè)詞，但現(xiàn)在把警察或女警察稱為cop是可以的。)”可知，現(xiàn)在稱呼apoliceman或者apolicewoman是最好的，與前一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此推斷F項(xiàng)“然而，“police

officer”這個(gè)術(shù)語通常是最正確的”。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)WhenIwasyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesinourneighborhood.Iusedtolistenwith___21___whenmymothertalkedtotheoldcase___22___tothewall.ThenIdiscoveredthatinsidethewonderful___23___livedanamazingperson—InformationPlease,whocould___24___anybody’snumber.Myfirstpersonal___25___withthisgenie(精靈)-in-the-bottlecameoneday.Amusingmyselfatthetoolbench,Ihitmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterrible,buttherewasnoonehometogive___26___.SuddenlyIspottedthetelephone.QuicklyIranforitand___27___thereceiver.“InformationPlease!”I___28___.Avoicespokeintomyear.“Information.”“Ihurtmyfinger...”ThetearscamereadilyenoughnowthatIhada(n)___29___.“Isn’tyourmotherhome?”camethequestion.“Nobody’shomebutme.”“Areyoubleeding?”“No.”Ireplied.“Canyouopenyouricebox?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Then_____30_____alittlepieceoficeandholdittoyourfinger.”AfterthatIcalledherforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmygeographyandmath.Sheeven_____31_____methatmypetchipmunkIhadcaughtintheparklikedeatingfruitsandnuts.AsIgrewintomyteens,thememoriesofthosechildhood_____32_____neverreallyleftme;ofteninmomentsof_____33_____IwouldrecallthesenseofsecurityIhadthen.I_____34_____howpatientand_____35_____astrangerwastohavespenthertimeonalittleboy.21.A.respect B.sincerity C.fascination D.caution22.A.driven B.pushed C.opened D.fastened23.A.hole B.device C.home D.community24.A.supply B.change C.delete D.guess25.A.meeting B.experience C.interview D.cooperation26.A.approval B.confidence C.sympathy D.comment27.A.pressed B.fixed C.replaced D.lifted28.A.ordered B.cheered C.yelled D.declared29.A.teacher B.audience C.partner D.assistant30.A.heatup B.slipon C.putaway D.chipoff31.A.informed B.showed C.warned D.inspired32.A.conversations B.injuries C.pains D.dreams33.A.glory B.kindness C.doubt D.anger34.A.admitted B.appreciated C.wondered D.estimated35.A.optimistic B.ambitious C.disciplined D.understanding【正確答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.B26.C27.D28.C29.B30.D31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者小時(shí)候看到母親打電話，認(rèn)為電話箱子里住著一個(gè)神奇的人，于是詢問電話里人的事情，這段回憶給長大后的作者帶來安全感，作者也十分感激小時(shí)候陪他聊天的陌生女人。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：以前母親對著墻上的那個(gè)舊箱子說話時(shí)，我總是聽得入迷。A.respect尊敬；B.sincerity真誠；C.fascination著迷；D.caution謹(jǐn)慎。根據(jù)前文“myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesinourneighborhood.”及后文“whenmymothertalkedtotheoldcase___2___tothewall.”可知，作者的家里較早安裝電話，比較好奇，所以當(dāng)母親在打電話時(shí)，作者聽得入迷。故選C。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：以前母親對著墻上的那個(gè)舊箱子說話時(shí)，我總是聽得入迷。A.driven驅(qū)使；B.pushed推；C.opened打開；D.fastened系牢。根據(jù)空前“theoldcase”及空后“tothewall”可知，以前的老電話是系掛在墻上的。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這個(gè)神奇的裝置里住著一個(gè)神奇的人一一詢問信息，可以提供任何人的號(hào)碼。A.hole洞；B.device設(shè)備；C.home家；D.community社區(qū)。根據(jù)空前“insidethewonderful”及上段中“theoldcase”可知，作者小時(shí)候認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)神奇的裝置設(shè)備。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這個(gè)神奇的裝置里住著一個(gè)神奇的人一一詢問信息，可以提供任何人的號(hào)碼。A.supply提供；B.change改變；C.delete刪除；D.guess猜測。根據(jù)空后“anybody’snumber.”及下文“AfterthatIcalledherforeverything.”可知，作者認(rèn)為電話里的人能提供任何人的號(hào)碼。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我第一次親身體驗(yàn)到這個(gè)瓶子里的精靈。A.meeting會(huì)議；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.interview采訪；D.cooperation合作。根據(jù)后文“QuicklyIranforit”可知，it指代電話，作者親身體驗(yàn)了與電話里的人說話的經(jīng)歷。故選B。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：疼痛是可怕的，但家里沒有人給予同情。A.approval同意；B.confidence自信；C.sympathy同情；D.comment評論。根據(jù)上文“Thepainwasterrible,buttherewasnoonehometogive”可知，作者弄傷了手，很疼，但是家里沒有人給予同情。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我迅速跑過去拿起聽筒。A.pressed按壓；B.fixed固定；C.replaced代替；D.lifted舉起，提起。根據(jù)空后“thereceiver”可知，作者走到電話的地方提起聽筒。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“詢問信息!”我喊道。A.ordered命令；B.cheered歡呼；C.yelled喊叫；D.declared宣稱。根據(jù)上文“InformationPlease!”并結(jié)合作者對電話的著迷可知，作者應(yīng)該是大聲與對方喊話。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我有了一個(gè)聽眾，眼淚就這么流下來了。A.teacher老師；B.audience觀眾，聽眾；C.partner伙伴；D.assistant助手。根據(jù)上文“InformationPlease!”及下文“Isn’tyourmotherhome?”可知，電話里傳來