職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)資料僅供參考職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)第二十四篇PreventingChildMaltreatment(B級(jí))Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5'10%ofmenreportbeingSexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls,burnsanddrowning.Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehaveioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.4Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereisaneconomicimpact,includingcostsofhospitalizeation,mentalhealthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblamefor5maltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.6練習(xí)：1.ThedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatmentisduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPT_____accordingtothepassage.根據(jù)短文，________不是造成評(píng)估全球兒童虐待蔓延程度的原因。Achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem虐待兒童是一個(gè)全球性問(wèn)題。Bthereisnoexactdataaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries關(guān)于中低等收入的家庭沒有數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)。Cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatacollectors由于缺乏一些低收入國(guó)家的精確數(shù)據(jù)。(正確答案)Ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods不同的科學(xué)家使用不同的研究方法。2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?根據(jù)短文，________是正確的。A20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.20%的女性在她們孩童時(shí)代遭受到性別歧視的虐待。B25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.有25%到50%的兒童曾經(jīng)受到身體上的虐待。(正確答案)C25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.有25%到50%的兒童遭受過(guò)心理虐待。D60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.有60%到75%的兒童被她們的父母所忽視。3.Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothefollowingtypesEXCEPT____accordingtothepassage.很多15歲以下兒童遭到謀殺都被錯(cuò)誤的歸類于以下類型，除了______一項(xiàng)不是。Adrowninginswimming游泳溺水Bdiarrhea痢疾(正確答案)Cbums燒死Dfalls摔落4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?兒童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影響沒有提到________。AThechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhegrowsup.當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大以后，她會(huì)因?yàn)樗甑挠洃浂憩F(xiàn)很糟糕。(正確答案)BChildmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.兒童受虐傷害了她們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)。CChildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.兒童受虐影響了她的早期的大腦發(fā)育。DThechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.孩子在成年后很容易得病。4-4WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?兒童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影響沒有提到________。A.Maltreatmentcausesstress虐待引起的壓力B.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehaveioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems成人以后行為、生理和心理方面的出現(xiàn)疾病的危險(xiǎn)性大大增加C.maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections虐待能導(dǎo)致心臟病、癌癥、自殺以及性傳播疾病D.Thechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhenhegrowsup當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大以后，她會(huì)因?yàn)樗甑挠洃浂憩F(xiàn)很糟糕5.ThemaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_________________accordingtothepassage.兒童遭到虐待經(jīng)常要具備一些特征，除了_________這一項(xiàng)。Atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry她們經(jīng)?？奁液苋菀拙涂蕖theyareininfant'sorinadolescentperiod她們?cè)趮雰簳r(shí)期或者在青春期。Ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends她們經(jīng)常被她們的父母和朋友忽視。Dtheyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparent.她們經(jīng)常會(huì)盡力滿足父母的要求(正確答案)5-5ThemaltreatedchildrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_________________accordingtothepassage.兒童遭到虐待經(jīng)常要具備一些特征，除了_________這一項(xiàng)。A.Theyhavingspecialneeds她們總有特殊需求B.Theyhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures她們身體總有異常C.theyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends她們經(jīng)常被她們的父母和朋友忽視D.theyoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparent.她們經(jīng)常會(huì)盡力滿足父母的要求6.Howmanytypesofchildmaltreatmentarementionedinthepassage?在這篇文章中提出了幾種兒童虐待?A.Physicialmaltreatment肉體虐待B.PsychologicalTreatment心理虐待(情感虐待)C.Secuallyabused性虐待D.Alloftheabove以上都對(duì)7.Whydoe