閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2018全國I卷]BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.①InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersays②she’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”③Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.④Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.①InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekand(withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt)offerstoptipson(howtoreducefoodwaste),(whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday)}.分析：(withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt)作狀語，后面的offers與前面的visits并列作she的謂語；{how…}引導類賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；(while…)引導一個類時間狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。簡化：InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandofferstoptipsonsth.withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt.簡譯：在《省錢做美食》節(jié)目中，她每周會拜訪一個不同的家庭，在大廚MattTebbutt的幫助下，就如何減少食物浪費提供絕妙的點子。同時為每個家庭準備每天花費不超過5英鎊的菜譜。②she’sbeenabletoputalotof(whatshe’slearnt)intopracticeinherownhome.分析：注意結(jié)構(gòu)put…intopractice把……投入實踐；(what…)引導賓語從句。簡化：she’sbeenabletoputalotofsth.intopracticeinherownhome.簡譯：她一直都能夠把她學到的東西投入到自家實踐中。③Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,{whichgaveviewersadviceon(howtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket)}.分析：followinthestepsof…：按……步驟，效仿；{which…}引導定語從句，修飾前面的節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodHealth，其中(howto…)引導類似賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，作on的賓語。簡化：Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth.Itgaveviewersadviceontheway.簡譯：這個八集系列節(jié)目：《省錢：做美食》效仿了ITV的另一檔節(jié)目：《省錢：做保健》。這一檔節(jié)目是教電視觀眾如何在琳瑯滿目的保健品市場上省錢。④(Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense),SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.分析：(withfood…)為with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語。簡譯：由于食物成了我們家庭中每周最大的開銷，Susanna和Matt每周會和一個不同的家庭花時間研究省錢之道。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,①small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.②Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.①small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeech(independentofeachother).分析：(independentofeachother)作定語，修飾patterns。簡化：small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeech。Thosepatternsareindependenteachother.簡譯：少數(shù)的、緊密聯(lián)系的團體會發(fā)展自身的語言模式，彼此之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。②Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,{whichmeans(thathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat)}.分析：(whichmeans…)引導定語從句，修飾前面主句；(that…)引導賓語從句。簡化：Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000.Itmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.簡譯：全球不同語言使用者的中位數(shù)僅為6000。這意味著全球有一半的語言只有不到6000人在說。D①Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachThismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.①Wemaythinkwe’reaculture{thatgetsridofourworntechnology(atthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew)}.分析：{that…}引導定語從句，修飾culture，其中(atthefirst…)作時間狀語。簡化：Wemaythinkwe’reaculture.Itgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew.簡譯：我們可能會認為自己習慣了一看見閃亮全新的產(chǎn)品就拋棄用舊的東西。分析：注意結(jié)構(gòu)：from…to…：從……到……；兩個括號分別為兩個賓語從句。簡化：fromtimeAtotimeB.簡譯：從礦物質(zhì)被挖掘出來開始到我們不再使用這臺設備結(jié)束。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2018全國II卷]BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.①ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchas②peachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.③Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.④Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.①Thesecolourfulandsweetjewels(fromBritishColumbia’sfields)arelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.分析：(from…)作定語，修飾jewels。簡化：Thesecolourfulandsweetjewelsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.簡譯：這些來自不列顛哥倫比亞田野的，顏色豐富而香甜的寶貝富含營養(yǎng)。②peachesarehighinthecarotenoids(weturnintovitaminA)and(whichareantioxidants).分析：(we…)為省略了連接詞which的定語從句，與后面(which…)并列，修飾carotenoids。簡化：peachesarehighinthecarotenoids.WeturnthemintovitaminAandtheyareantioxidants.簡譯：桃子富含類胡蘿卜素，我們?nèi)梭w會將之轉(zhuǎn)化為維他命A。同時這些類胡蘿卜素也是天然的抗氧化劑。③(Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits),frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.分析：(whencombined…)引導省略“frozenbananasare”的時間狀語從句。簡譯：當拿漿果和其他水果片一起制作濃郁爽口的水果奶昔和低脂的“冰淇淋”時，冰凍的香蕉可謂是基礎配料的不二之選。④Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.分析：此句為倒裝句——Out引起的全部倒裝。簡化：a“soft-serve”creamydessertcomesout,tobeeatenrightaway.簡譯：一份“絲滑”奶狀甜點制作完成，馬上就會被吃掉。CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“①theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.②Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.③Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthat④kidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.①theproportion(比例)(whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfun)hasgonefrom8percent(of13-year-olds)and9percent(of17-year-olds)in1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.分析：(who…)引導定語從句，修飾proportion；注意核心結(jié)構(gòu)：from…to…。簡化：theproportionhasgonefrom8percentand9percentin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.簡譯：說自己幾乎不享受閱讀的人的比例在1984年13歲的人占8%，17歲的人占9%。而到如今，這兩個數(shù)字分別為22%和27%。②Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parents(lookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading).分析：whenitcomesto：當談到或涉及到……；(lookingfor…)作定語，修飾parents。其中theeffecton…在……上的影響。簡化：Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parents.Theyarelookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.簡譯：至于科技和閱讀的關(guān)系，這份報告基本沒有對一些家長有什么建議。而他們一直在尋找有關(guān)電子閱讀器和平板對閱讀的影響的數(shù)據(jù)。③Themosthopefuldata(sharedinthereport)showsclearevidenceofparents{servingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkids(whenitcomestoreading)}.分析：非謂語(shared…)作定語，修飾data；非謂語{servingas…}作定語，修飾parents，其中(whenitcomes…)引導時間狀語從句。主語短語：serveas：充當……。簡化：Themosthopefuldatashowsclearevidenceofparents.簡譯：報告中分享的最具希望的數(shù)據(jù)清晰地表明，在閱讀方面，父母充當著范例和重要指導的角色。④kidsandteens(whodoreadfrequently),(comparedtoinfrequentreaders),havemorebooks(inthehome),morebooks(purchasedforthem),parents(whoreadmoreoften),andparents(whosetasidetimeforthemtoread).分析：(inthehome)作地點狀語，其余括號均作定語成分。簡化：kidsandteenshavemorebooks,morebooks,parentsandparents.簡譯：與不常閱讀的孩子相比，經(jīng)常閱讀的小孩和青少年家里會有更多的書，有更多為他們買的書，有經(jīng)常閱讀的父母，父母也會抽出時間陪孩子閱讀。DWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.①Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.②“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.①Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforget(thatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation).分析：dismiss…as…：不予考慮；(that…)引導賓語從句，賓語從句本身為虛擬語氣。簡化：Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetit.簡譯：認為閑聊不重要的想法很常見，但我們不要忘了，沒有閑聊的話，那些深層次的關(guān)系就不可能存在了。②“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractions(withperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetwork)matterforourwell-beingalso.”分析：介詞結(jié)構(gòu)(with…)作定語，修飾interactions；整段話的核心結(jié)構(gòu)為“not…but…”：不是……而是……。簡化：“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionsmatterforourwell-beingalso.”簡譯：不是說和服務生聊天比和自己丈夫聊天更好，而是說和我們社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)的邊緣人員互動對我們的身心健康也很重要。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2018全國III卷]BCitiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesett