閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2012新課標I]A①Areyoulookingforsomenewandexcitingplacestotakeyourkidsto?Trysomeoftheseplaces:●Visitartmuseums.Theyofferavarietyofactivitiestoexciteyourkids’interest.Manyofferworkshopsformakinghand-madepieces,travelingexhibits,booksignings(簽名)bychildren’sfavoritewriters,andevenmusicalperformancesandotherarts.●Headtoanaturalhistorymuseum.②Thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaur(恐龍)modelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky.Also,askwhatkindofworkshopsandeducationalprogramsarepreparedforkidsandanyspecialeventsthatarecomingup.●GotoaYoutheater.③Lookforoneinyourareaofferingplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors.Pre-showplayshopsareconductedbyareaartistsandeducatorswherekidscandiscoverthesecretaboutperformingarts.Puppet(木偶)makingandstagemake-uparejustacoupleofthespecialofferingsyoumightfind.●Tryhands-onscience.Visitoneofthemanyhands-onsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry.Thesescienceplay-landsaregreatfunforkidsandgrown-upsalike.④They’llkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons,experimenting,andbuilding.⑤Wheneveryoneistired,enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow,commonlyfoundinthesemuseums.①Areyoulookingfor(some)(newandexciting)places(totakeyourkidsto)?分析：totakeyourkidsto作定語（adj.）修飾places。簡化：Areyoulookingforplaces.簡譯：你在找一些能帶孩子去的新鮮、有趣的地方嗎？②Thisis{wherekidscandiscoverthepast(fromdinosaur(恐龍)modelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky)}.分析：where引導表語從句。注意其中結(jié)構(gòu)from…to…：從……到……。簡化：Thisistheplace。簡譯：在這個地方，孩子們能找到從恐龍模型到化石收藏等與過去相關的東西以及星空的圖片。③Lookforone(inyourarea)(offeringplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors).分析：offeringplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors作定語（adj.），修飾one。簡化：Lookforone.簡譯：在你所在地找一個能為小孩和家庭成員提供戲劇表演的地方。④They’llkeepyourchild(mentallyandphysically)active(thewholedaythrough)(whilepushingbuttons,experimenting,andbuilding).分析：while引導時間狀語從句。注意while后省略了yourchildrenare。簡化：They’llkeepyourchildactivewhilesth.arebeingdone.簡譯：通過不停地按各種按鈕，實驗以及建造，你孩子的身心一整天都是活躍的。⑤(Wheneveryoneistired),enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow,(commonlyfoundinthesemuseums).分析：When引導時間狀語從句；commonlyfoundinthesemuseums作定語（adj.）修飾familyscienceshow。簡化：Wheneveryoneistired,enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow.簡譯：所有人都累的時候，就去看一場家庭科技表演。在這些場館一般都能找到。BHoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房).①Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.②Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.③Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.④Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.①The(little)birdcannotreachthiswax,(whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest).分析：which引導定語從句，修飾wax。簡化：Thebirdcannotreachthiswax.簡譯：這種小鳥吃不到蜂巢深處的蜜蠟。②(Onceithastheirattention),itfliesthroughtheforest,{waiting(fromtimetotime)forthecuriousanimalorperson(asitleadsthemtothenest)}.分析：once引導時間狀語從句；非謂語waiting及其后面結(jié)構(gòu)也作時間狀語；as同樣引導時間狀語從句。fromtimetotime：偶爾。簡化：Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest.簡譯：一旦引起了他們的注意，這種鳥就會穿梭在森林里，偶爾停下來等待這些好奇的動物或者人類，以便引導他們走向蜂巢。③(Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest),thefollowerreachesin(togetatthedelicioushoney)(asthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches).分析：when和as均引導時間狀語從句。注意as引導時間狀語從句，一般強調(diào)“一邊……一邊……”。toget…作目的狀語。簡化：Whensth.happens,thefollowerreachesin.簡譯：當他們到達蜂巢后，跟隨者就會去獲取美味的蜂蜜。而與此同時，這種鳥卻耐心地等待和觀察著。④Theywill(quickly)arrive(wheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives),andwill(even)enterchurches(whenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit).分析：whenever引導時間狀語從句，主句為Theywillquicklyarrive。同時，and并列前后兩個will所在句子。簡化：Theywillarriveandwillenterchurcheswheneversth.happens.簡譯：無論養(yǎng)蜂人在什么時候從蜂箱里取蜂蜜，他們都會很快到達現(xiàn)場。他們甚至會在教堂點蜂蠟蠟燭的時候飛進去。CAbouttwentyofushadbeenfortunateenoughtoreceiveinvitationstoafilm-studio(影棚)totakepartinacrowd-scene.Althoughour“act”wouldlastonlyforashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.①Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene,settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon,brightlightswereturnedonandthebigmovie-camerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactorsnearby.②Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbeganblowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim,andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin“snow”.Twomorefanswereturnedon,anda“strongwind”blewthroughthetrees.Thepicturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.Thenextscenewasacompletecontrast(對比).③Thewayitwasfilmedwasquiteunusual.④PicturestakenonanislandinthePacificwereshownonaglassscreen(幕).Anactorandactressstoodinfrontofthescenesothattheylookedasiftheywereatthewater’sedgeonanisland.Byasimpletricklikethis,palmtrees,sandybeaches,andblue,clearskieshadbeenbroughtintothestudio!⑤Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingwhatscenewouldbepreparedforus.Forafullthreeminutesinourliveswewouldbeexperiencingtheexcitementofbeingfilm“stars”!①Weallstood(atthefarendofthestudio)(asworkmenpreparedthescene),(settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath).分析：as引導時間狀語從句；非謂語setting…作時間狀語表同時性。簡化：Weallstoodassth.happens.簡譯：我都遠遠地站在攝影棚的邊緣。與此同時，工作人員正準備拍攝場景：在蜿蜒的小路邊設置樹木。②(Sinceitwashotinthestudio),itcame(asasurprise)tous(toseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.)分析：Since引導原因狀語從句；it作形式主語，真主為后面的tosee…。簡化：Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcametous.簡譯：因為攝影棚里很熱，所以但我們看見演員們穿著厚厚的外套沿著小路走的時候感到非常驚訝。③Theway(itwasfilmed)was(quite)unusual.分析：(that)itwasfilmed為定語從句，修飾Theway。簡化：Thewaywasunusual.簡譯：電影拍攝的方式非常特別。④Pictures(takenonanislandinthePacific)wereshownonaglassscreen(幕).分析：非謂語takenonanislandinthePacific作定語，修飾Pictures。簡化：Pictureswereshownonaglassscreen(幕).簡譯：在太平洋上拍攝的照片在一塊玻璃幕上展現(xiàn)了出來。⑤(Sinceitwasourturnnext),wewereleftwondering(whatscenewouldbepreparedforus).分析：Since引導原因狀語從句；what引導賓語從句。簡化：Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingit.簡譯：因為下一個就輪到我們了，我們都在想下一個場景會如何布置。D①Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.②Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.③Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.④Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.⑤Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.⑥Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學習)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone’sfuturedevelopment.①Grown-upsareoftensurprisedby{howwelltheyremembersomething(theylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince)}.分析：How引導賓語從句；(that)they…引導定語從句，修飾something。簡化：Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbythat.簡譯：成年人常常會驚訝于他們能把只在童年學過，但之后從未練習的一些事情記得那么清楚。②Aman(whohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyears)canstillswim(aswellasever)(whenhegetsbackinthewater).分析：Who引導定語從句，修飾man；when引導時間狀語從句。簡化：Amancanstillswimwhenhegetsbackinthewater.簡譯：一個已多年不游泳的人在下水之后仍然能游地像以前一樣好。③Amother(whohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyears)canteachherdaughterthepoem(thatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”)orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.分析：who和that均引導定語從句，分別修飾mother和thepoem。簡化：Amothercanteachherdaughterthepoemor…or….簡譯：一個很多年都沒有想過詩詞和故事臺詞的媽媽還能教她女兒以“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”開頭的詩詞，或者她還記得灰姑娘或金發(fā)姑娘和三只小熊的故事。④Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,{whichcanbestatedasfollows:(Oncewehavelearnedsomething),additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftime(wewillrememberit).}分析：which引導定語從句，修飾overlearning；Once引導時間狀語從句；(that)wewill…引導定語從句，修飾time。簡化：Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning.簡譯：有一種解釋就是“過度學習”。它能這樣解釋：一旦我們學到某個東西，繼續(xù)對它額外的練習會讓我們更加長久地記憶這個東西。⑤Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexception(tothegeneralrule){thatweforgetratherquicklythethings(thatwelearninschool)},{becausetheyareanotherofthethings(weoverlearninchildhood)}.分析：that引導定語從句，修飾rule；that引導定語從句，修飾things；because引導原因狀語從句；(that)we…引導定語從句，修飾things。簡化：Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptionbecausesth.istrue.簡譯：乘法口訣表對于一般規(guī)則（我們對于學校學的東西都忘得很快）來說是個例外。因為乘法口訣表也是我們在童年時期過度學習的事物之一。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2012大綱卷I]CLastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg,adistanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.Atonepointalonganopenroad,Icametoacrossingwithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow,butasIdrovenearthelight,itturnedredandImadeastop.Ilookedleft,rightandbehindme.Nothing.Notacar,nosuggestionofcarlamps,butthereIsat,waitingforthelighttochange,theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.①IstartedwonderingwhyIrefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeingcaught,becausetherewasclearlynopolicemanaround,and②therecertainlywouldhavebeennodangeringoingthroughit.Muchlaterthatnight,③thequestionofwhyI’dstoppedforthatlightcamebacktome.④IthinkIstoppedbecauseit’spartofacontract(契約)weallhavewitheachother.It’snotonlythelaw,butitisanagreementwehave,andwetrusteachothertohonorit:wedon’tgothroughredlights.Trustisourfirstinclination(傾向).⑤Doubtingothersdoesnotseemtobenaturaltous.⑥Thewholeconstructionofoursocietydependsonmutual(相互)trust,notdistrust.⑦Wedowhatwesaywe’lldo;Weshowupwhenwesaywe’llshowup;andwepaywhenwesaywe’llpay.Wetrusteachotherinthesematters,and⑧we’reangryordisappointedwiththepersonororganizationthatbreaksthetrustwehaveinthem.Iwassoproudofmyselfforstoppingfortheredlightthatnight.①Istartedwondering(whyIrefusedtorunthelight).分析：why引導賓語從句。簡化：Istartedwonderingit.簡譯：我開始想我為什么不闖個紅燈呢？②there(certainly)wouldhavebeennodanger(ingoingthroughit).分析：therebe句型+對過去的虛擬（wouldhavedone）。簡化：therewouldhavebeennodanger.簡譯：闖紅燈的話肯定不會有什么危險的。③thequestion(of)(whyI’dstoppedforthatlight)camebacktome.分析：why引導賓語從句。簡化：thequestioncamebacktome.簡譯：我為什么會停下來等紅燈這個問題有回到我腦子里了。④Ithink{Istopped[becauseit’spartofacontract(契約)(weallhavewitheachother)]}.分析：(that)I…引導賓語從句；becauseit’s引導原因狀語從句；(that)we…引導定語從句，修飾contract。簡化：Ithink(about)itbecausesth.istrue.簡譯：我想我停下來是因為這樣做是我們所有人都需要履行的契約中的一部分。⑤(Doubtingothers)doesnotseemtobenatural(tous).分析：Doubtingothers作主語。簡化：Itdoesnotseemtobenatural.簡譯：對我們來說，懷疑他人并不算正常。⑥The(whole)construction(ofoursociety)dependson(mutual(相互))trust,notdistrust.分析：of+n結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾construction。簡化：Theconstructiondependsontrust,notdistrust.簡譯：我們社會的整體構(gòu)建是建立在相互信任的基礎上的，而不是猜忌的。⑦Wedo{whatwesay(we’lldo)};Weshowup{whenwesay(we’llshowup)};andwepay{whenwesay(we’llpay)}.分析：第一個{}作賓語從句；第二個和第三個{}均作時間狀語從句；所有()均作wesay的賓語（從句）。簡化：Wedoit;Weshowupandwepay.簡譯：我們說了要做的事就會做；我們說了要露面就會露面；我們說了要付錢就一定會付錢。⑧we’reangryordisappointed{withthepersonororganization[thatbreaksthetrust(wehaveinthem)]}.分析：with與其前angry和disappointed構(gòu)成搭配：beangry/disappointedwith…；thatbreaks…引導定語從句，修飾thepersonororganization；(that)we…引導定語從句，修飾thetrust。簡化：we’reangryordisappointed.簡譯：我們會因我們信任的組織或個人破壞了這份信任而感到憤怒和失望。閱讀理解長難句簡析 [2012大綱卷II]AColdweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.①Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.②Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,③makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.④Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater.Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink.⑤Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.①(Sometimes)ownersforget{thattheirpetsarejust(asusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare)}.分析：thattheirpets…引導賓語從句。asusedtothewarmshelteras為“同級”比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。其中used為形容詞，與前面be動詞和后面to構(gòu)成搭配：beusedto：習慣于。類似表達比如：IamasangrywithTomasLilyis。簡化：ownersforgetit.簡譯：有的時候，寵物主人們忘了他們的寵物們和他們一樣，也習慣待在溫暖的住所里。②Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutside(foralongperiodoftime),(thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors).分析：非謂語thinking…作原因狀語從句。簡化：Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutside.簡譯：一些寵物主會把他們的寵物長時間留在外面，因為他們覺得所有動物都習慣待在戶外。③makesure{theyhaveawarm,solidshelter(againstthewind),thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater}.分析：(that)theyhave…引導賓語從句。against這里譯為：抵御。簡化：makesure(ofit).簡譯：確保他們有一個溫暖、牢固的住所以便抵御大風；有夠厚的墊草和大量未結(jié)冰的飲用水。④(Ifleftaloneoutside),dogsandcatscanbeverysmart(intheirsearchforwarmshelter).分析：If(dogsandcatsare)left…引導條件狀語從句。簡化：Ifsth.happens,dogsandcatscanbeverysmart。簡譯：如果貓狗被單獨留在外面，他們在搜尋溫暖住處方面還是很擅長的。⑤Animals(thatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwater)maydrinkdirtywateroutside,(whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem).分析：that…引導定語從句，修飾animals；which引導定語從句，修飾water。簡化：Animalsmaydrinkdirtywateroutside.簡譯：找不到干凈、未結(jié)冰水源的動物可能會飲用外面的臟水。而這些臟水里面可能含有對它們有害的物質(zhì)。BYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.①Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.②Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.③Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap(擺動).Itshouldn’tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.④Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.①Thewinddirectiontellsyou(whattodowiththesail).分析：what…引導賓語從句，完整結(jié)構(gòu)為：whatyoucandowiththesail。簡化：Thewinddirectiontellsyouit.簡譯：風向會告訴你如何調(diào)整船帆。②Let’sstartwiththewind(blowingfrombehind).分析：blowing…作定語，修飾thewind。簡化：Let’sstartwiththewind.簡譯：我們從背后來風的情況講起。③(Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside),itisblowingacrosstheboat.分析：If…引導條件狀語從句。簡化：Ifsth.ishappening,itisblowingacrosstheboat.簡譯：如果風從船的一邊吹來，那它會橫跨整艘船。④Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.分析：完整結(jié)構(gòu)：Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandthengoinanotherdirection.簡譯：你必須先朝一個方向行駛，然后在朝另外一個方向開。C①Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.②Awoman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,③manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),but④weshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.⑤Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,⑥thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.⑦Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.①Facialexpressionscarrymeaning(thatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships).分析：that…引導定語從句。簡化：Facialexpressionscarrymeaning.簡譯：面部表情所代表意義取決于不同情況和關系。②Awoman’ssmile(atapoliceofficer)doesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmile(shegivestoayoungchild).分析：atapoliceofficer結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，修飾smile；(that)shegives…引導定語從句，修飾thesmile。注意搭配：thesame…as…：與……相同。簡化：Awoman’ssmiledoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmile.簡譯：一個女人對警察的微笑與她對一個小孩兒的微笑所表達意義并不相同。③manypeople(inRussia)considersmilingatstrangers(inpublic)tobeunusualand(even)improper.分析：注意搭配：consider…tobe…：認為……是……。簡化：manypeopleconsidersmilingatstrangerstobeunusualandimproper.簡譯：很多俄羅斯人認為，在公共場所對陌生人微笑是不常見的，甚至是不合適的。④weshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanotherculture(aswewould“read”someonefromourownculture).分析：as…引導方式狀語從句，表示“像……”。簡化：weshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureassb.woulddo.簡譯：我們該像我們經(jīng)常對本國人“讀心”那樣去嘗試解讀另一個國家的人。⑤Thefact{thatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenly(asdomembersofanother)}doesnotmean(thattheydonotexperienceemotions).分析：that…引導同位語從句；as…引導方式狀語從句（主語部分倒裝：助+主）。簡化：Thefactdoesn’tmeanit.簡譯：雖然事實是一個國家的人不像另一個國家的人那樣開放地表達情感，但這并不意味著他們沒有體驗到情感。⑥thereareculturaldifferences{intheamountoffacialexpressiveness(permitted)}.分析：permitted作定語，修飾expressiveness。簡化：thereareculturaldifferences.簡譯：可接受的面部情感表現(xiàn)程度存在文化差異。⑦Thekeyis{totrynottojudgepeople(whosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent)}.分析：非謂語totry…作表語。其中的people被whose…引導定語從句修飾。簡化：Thekeyisit.簡譯：關鍵是盡量不要因為別人表達情感的方式與你不同而輕易評判別人。DADDISABABA,Ethiopia—Oneoftheworld’smostfamousfossils(化石)—the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974—willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.①TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.②AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.③“Ethiopia’srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork,DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.④TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.⑤Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3eq\f(1,2)-foot-tallape-man(猿人).①TheLucy(onexhibition)(attheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba),isareplica(whiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom).分析：前兩括號均為介詞+n結(jié)構(gòu)，作定語修飾TheLucy；while引導比較狀從。簡化：TheLucyisareplicawhilesth.happens.簡譯：在首都亞的斯亞貝巴的埃塞俄比亞國家博物館展覽的Lucy是一個仿制品。而真品通常是被鎖在一個秘密儲藏室里。②Ateam(fromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas),spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,(whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember).分析：前一個()為介詞+n結(jié)構(gòu)，作定語修飾team；which引導定從修飾tour。注意spend+時間+doing…。簡化：AteamspentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour.簡譯：來自德克薩斯州休斯敦市國家科學博物館的一支團隊，花了4年時間與埃塞俄比亞人討論（Lucy的）美國巡展。而這次巡展將會在明年9月份從休斯頓開始。③“Ethiopia’srichculture(ofboththepastandtoday),isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”分析：括號內(nèi)容為介詞+n結(jié)構(gòu)，作定語修飾culture。簡化：Ethiopia’srichcultureisoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld.簡譯：埃塞俄比亞古今豐富的文化是世界上最大的秘密（寶藏）之一。④TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.分析：這是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。簡化：190otherfossilswillbetravellingwithLucy.簡譯：另外有190件化石展品會隨同Lucy一同巡展。EMakeUpYourMindtoSucceed①Kind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.②Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone’swinner”.Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.③Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:④Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic—you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.⑤Ontheotherhand,ag