2023級校際聯(lián)考（三）英語學(xué)科試題第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Racewalking.B.DoingsightseeingC.Lookingforarestaurant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Iamalittlebitthirsty.Couldyougivemesomelemonade,please?M:Hereyouare.You’dbettereatsomething!Otherwise,youwon’thaveenoughstrengthtowalkfurtherandenjoymorebeautifulscenery.2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelecture?A.Itisgood. B.Itisboring. C.Itisdifficult.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Whataboringspeaker!Icanhardlystayawake.W:Well,Idon’tknow.Infact,Ithinkit’sbeenalongtimesinceI’veheardanyoneisgood.3.Whywouldthewomannotgoout?A.Todecideonacourse.B.Togetsomerest.C.Tocatchup.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Don’tyouthinkyouspenttoomuchtimeonthiscourse?Doyouthinkyoumightliketoperhapsgetoutofthedormandgetsomefreshair?W:Oh,thanksfortheadvice.ButthisishowIrelievemystress.I'drathernotgettoofarbehind.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShehatesKFCfood.B.Shewantstoeatout.C.Shelovescanteenfood.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mthinkingaboutwheretogoforabitetonight.Anysuggestions,Barbara?W:Well,howabouttheFrenchrestaurantneartheKFC?Frankly,I'vehadenoughofourcanteenfood.5.Whatwouldthewomanlikethemantodo?A.Makingsomecoffee. B.Repairingthecleaner. C.Cleaningthehouse.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Youlookverybusy.CanIgiveyouahand?W:Thatwouldbegreat.I’mcleaningthehousebecausemyfriendiscomingforcoffee.M:OK,whatcanIdo?W:Couldyoudothevacuuming?Thevacuumcleanerisoverthere.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisthewomanmostprobably?A.Afrontdeskagent.B.Green’ssecretary.C.Ahotelroomattendant.7.Whydoesthemanprobablywanttochangethedollar?A.Totakeabus.B.Topayforthehelp.C.Tomakeaphonecall.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,excuseme,Mr.Li.Ialmostforgotthereisaphonemessagehereforyou.ADr.Greencalledandaskedyoutocallhimback.M:Whereishenow?Doyouknow?W:He’sstayingattheBlackwoodHotel,Room707.M:Thankyouverymuch.DoyouhappentohavethenumberoftheBlackwood?W:I’msorry,Idon’t.ButyoucangetitfromInformation.Justdial411.M:Oh,andcouldItroubleyouforchangingadollar?W:Allright.Hereisyourchange.Bytheway,thepublicphonesareoverthereonyourright.M:Isee.Thankyou.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhenshouldFlight962havearrived?A.At9:35a.m..B.At10:35a.m..C.At11:35a.m..9.Whatcausedtheflightdelay?A.Thebadweather. B.Anengineproblem. C.Arouteadjustment.10.WhatcitydoesFlight962departfrom?A.Chicago. B.SanFrancisco. C.Boston.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,whattimeisFlight962arriving?W:Itwastoarriveat10:35a.m.Butithasbeendelayedonehour.M:Delayed?Mywifeisonthatflight.What’sthematter?What’stheproblem,enginetrouble?W:No,no,sir,it’snothinglikethat.TheplanewasdelayedinChicagobecauseofbadweather.Butnowithascleared,andtheyarealreadyontheirwayheretoSanFrancisco.M:DidyousayChicago?MywifeisflyinghomefromBoston.W:Flight962takesoffinBostonbutmakesascheduledstopinChicago.M:Oh,Isee.Sorrytogetsoexcited.It’sjustthat...W:Relax,sir.Iunderstand.Yourwifewillbeheresafeandsoundinanhour.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelatthebeginning?A.Disappointed. B.Optimistic. C.Embarrassed.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.ShelandedherjobinonegoB.Herfirstinterviewswentbadly.C.Sheisanewgraduate.13.Howlonghasthemanbeenlookingforajob?A.Twomonths. B.Threemonths. C.Fourmonths.【答案】11.A12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey!Carl,what’sup?Howwasyourinterviewforthenewjob?M:Iblewit.IfeltsonervousthatIsaidlotsofstupidthings.Theytoldmetheywouldcallmesoon,butIthinkIscreweditup.W:Don’tbefrustrated.Ifoundmycurrentjobonmyown.Istillremembermyfirstfewinterviews.Ididn’tknowhowtoanswertheinterviewers,either.Butafterthreeorfourtimes,Islowlygotbetter.M:WhatmakesmesadisthatI’vebeenlookingforajobfortwomonths.W:Don’tworryaboutthat.Ijustheardthattheaveragetimeforarecentgradtofindajobisthreemonths.Keepgoing!Ittakestime.M:Thanks,Rose.You’rearealfriend.Ifeelbetternow.W:Goodluck.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice. B.Atalibrary. C.Atabookstore.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoreadabout?A.Computerscience.B.Famousscientists.C.Themysteryoftheuniverse.16.Whathasthewomanbeendoingatnight?A.Workingthenightshift.B.Readingastronomy.C.Watchingthesky.17.Whatdoesthewomanmajorin?A.Drama.B.Physics.C.Astronomy.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Greg.Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!M:Yeah,I’mworkingnightshift(上夜班)today.Whatareyoudoinghere?W:Well,I’mtryingtolookforabookbutithasbeenoutforthelastthreeweeks.IthoughtIwouldtrymylucktoday,butitwasallfornaught(徒勞).Iknowit’soverdueaccordingtothecomputer.Justhopethattheborrowerwon’thangontothebookfortoolong.M:Whatkindofbookisitthatyouwantedsomuch?W:Youmightnotbelievethis.ButI’mintoastronomyandthebookIwanttoreadisbyStephenHawkingwhowritesaboutthecreationoftheuniverse.Didyounoticemyeyes?Ihavebeenstayinguplateatnighttoseetheskyandstars.M:Whendidyougetinvolvedwiththeuniverse?Ineverexpectedyouofallpeopletohavethepatiencetowatchthesky,letalonestayingupallnight.Nowonderyouweredozingoffduringthelecturethismorning.W:Iknowit’sembarrassing.ButI’mreallyinterestedinthemysteryoftheuniverse,andI’mthinkingperhapsI’minthewrongmajor.Ishouldswitchtophysicsinsteadoftakingdrama.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wherecanpeoplelearnaboutthefaculty(教職工)?A.InthePictureGallery.B.Inthetheatre.C.Inthelibrary.19.WhocreatedthepaintingsandphotosinthePictureGallery?A.Professorsoftheuniversity.B.Studentsoftheuniversity.C.Localartists.20.Whatwillthevisitingguestsdonext?A.Exploreontheirown. B.Gototheentrance. C.Watchsomevideos.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Let’stakeawalkaroundtheEntertainmentBuildingnow.Thefirstroomwe’recomingtoisthetheater.Thisroomscreensvideosofspecialinterestandisalsousedforlectures.Today,there’sacontinuousvideoshowingaboutthepeoplewhoareteachingintheuniversity,soanyonewho’dliketolearnmoreaboutthelifeforthosepeoplelivingandworkingintheuniversitywillfindthatinteresting.Nowwe’recomingtothePictureGallery.Thisshowslifeintheuniversityoverthelast100yearsandallthevariouschanges,whichhappenedwiththegrowthoftheuniversity.Therearepaintingsandphotos,alldonebylocalartists.Someofthemarenowfamous.It’sagreatcollection,andpeoplethinkhighlyofit.Well,I'mgoingtoleaveyounowtowalkaroundthemuseumonyourownforawhile.We'llmeetbackattheentranceinanhourandahalf.Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourtimeintheuniversitytoday.Thankyou.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)ATheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina(USTC)researchinternshipprogramprovidestheopportunityforgraduatestudentsor3rd/4thyearundergraduatestudentstoparticipateinresearchprojectstogainvaluableexperienceonavarietyofcutting-edgeresearchatUSTC.ProgramBenefits·Enhanceresearchcapabilityinstate-of-the-artlabsundertheguidanceofprofessorsatUSTC.·HaveacompetitiveedgeinapplicationforMaster's,PhD.andpost-doctoralprogramsatUSTCbydevelopingrelationshipswithfacultyandstudents.·ApplyforfreeChineselanguageandcultureclasstolearnbasicChineselanguageandexploreuniqueHuiculture.ApplicationQualification1.GoodcommandofEnglish.2.Non-Chinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.3.Currentlyenrolledfull-timestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.Cost·Tuition:2,100RMB(≈304USD)permonth(undergraduatestudentormasterstudent).2,600RMB(≈377USD)permonth(PhDstudent).?Studentdormitory:500-1,000RMB(≈73-146USD)permonthdependingonroomtypeandsize.●Insurance:160RMB(≈23USD)permonth.ScholarshipUSTCofferslimitedscholarshipstooutstandingstudents.Allapplicantswillbeevaluated.USTCFellowshipLevelA1.freetuition2comprehensivemedicalinsurance3.freeuniversitydormitory4.grant:2,500RMB(≈392USD)/month(Bachelor)3,000RMB(≈470USD)/month(Master)3,500RMB(≈550USD)/month(PhD)LevelB1.freetuition2.comprehensivemedicalinsuranceLevelCfreetuition21.Whymightinternationalstudentsbeinterestedinthefreeclassesprovidedbytheprogram?A.TheycangethelpfromUSTCprofessorsintheclasses.B.Theycangainacompetitiveedgeforpost-doctoralprograms.C.TheycanlearnbasicChineseandknowaboutHuiculture.D.Theycanusethelabresourcesafterfinishingtheclasses.22.Whoisqualifiedforthisresearchinternshipprogram?A.ChineseYear2undergraduateswithfluentEnglish.B.Chinesepost-doctoralresearcherswithgoodgrades.C.Part-timeforeignPhDstudentswithproficientEnglish.D.Full-timeEnglishMaster’sstudentswithaforeignpassport.23.HowmuchdoesaFellowshipLevelBstudentpayatleast?A.23USD/month. B.73USD/month.C.146USD/month. D.304USD/month.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)的研究實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息，包括項(xiàng)目福利、申請資格等。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProgramBenefits部分中“ApplyforfreeChineselanguageandcultureclasstolearnbasicChineselanguageandexploreuniqueHuiculture.(申請免費(fèi)的漢語和文化課程，學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)漢語，探索獨(dú)特的徽州文化)”可知，國際學(xué)生對免費(fèi)課程感興趣是因?yàn)榭梢詫W(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)漢語和了解徽州文化。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationQualification部分中“1.GoodcommandofEnglish.2.Non-Chinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.3.Currentlyenrolledfull-timestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.(1.英語水平良好。2.持有外國護(hù)照的非中國公民。3.目前在讀的全日制大三/大四本科生、碩士或博士研究生)”可知，持外國護(hù)照的全日制英語碩士學(xué)生符合資格。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Scholarship部分的LevelB“1.freetuition；2.comprehensivemedicalinsurance(1.免學(xué)費(fèi)；2.綜合醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn))”，以及Cost部分的“Studentdormitory:500-1,000RMB(≈73-146USD)permonthdependingonroomtypeandsize.Insurance:160RMB(≈23USD)permonth.(學(xué)生宿舍：每月500-1000元人民幣（約73-146美元），取決于房間類型和大小。保險(xiǎn)：每月160元人民幣（約23美元）)”，LevelB已經(jīng)包含了學(xué)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)，所以最少需要支付的是宿舍費(fèi)用的最低值73美元每月。故選B。BInwhatwouldbecomeoneofherlastinterviews,Janesatwithafadedphotographinherhands.TheimageshowedthebabyJaneholdingherfirstbirthdaygiftfromherfather—astuffedchimpanzeeJubilee.“Mymother’sfriendswerehorrifiedbythistoy,thinkingitwouldfrightenmeandgivemenightmares,”sherecalled.Instead,itledtohersenseofwonderabouttheworldandchangedhumankind’sunderstandingofanimals.HerfascinationwithAfricabegannotlongaftershelearnedtoread.ShediscoveredDr.Doolittleateight,andTarzanandtheApesbyten.Itwasthenthatsheannouncedshewasgoingtogrowup,gotoAfrica,livewithwildanimals,andwritebooksaboutthem.Thiswasin1944,whenWorldWarIIwasragingandtheideaofwomenasprofessionals“justwasn’tonthetable.”London-bornJanealwayscreditedherparents—businessmanMortimerHerbertandnovelistMargaretJoseph—fortheirsupport.Whenotherchildrenteasedherunusualdream,hermotherreassuredher:truedreamsdemandtirelesswork,seizingopportunity,andnevergivingintodoubt.Thisfirmbeliefbecameherlife’sfoundation.Amemoryfromagefourcapturesthis:shehaddisappearedforfourhours,causingconsiderableconcern,onlytobediscoveredsittingcontentedlyinthehenhouse,absorbedinwatchingthehensandwonderingwheretheireggscamefrom.Insteadofscoldingher,hermothersawtheprofoundwonderinherdaughter’seyes.Herworkdefinedherlife—rightuptotheend.DespiteheradvancedageJanetraveled300daysayear,deliveringtalkstostudents,scientists,andacademics.ShewasonaspeakingtourintheU.S.whenshedepartedthisliferecentlyinhersleepatahotelinLosAngeles.Tributes(頌詞)floodedinfromfarandwide.“Jane’sworkonprimatesandtheimportanceofconservationopenedthedoorsforgenerationsofwomeninscience,”BarackObamasaid.PrinceWilliampraisedher“infinitecuriosity,compassion,andpioneeringspirit.Shechallengedusalltomakeadifferenceandinspiredmeandcountlessotherstoworktoprotectourplanet.”24.WhyisthetoyJubileementioned?A.Itshowsthefearsitcreatedinherchildhood.B.Ithighlightsitsinspiringroleinherlife.C.Itjustifiesherbondwithfamilysocialcircle.D.Itfunctionsasherfirstscientificsubject.25.Whatdoes“wasn’tonthetable”suggestinparagraph2?A.Wildlifestudywasunsuitableforwomen.B.Scientificpracticewassetunderthetable.C.Societycouldaccommodategirls'ambition.D.Femalescientistswerelessacknowledged.26.WhatqualitydidJanegetfromherfamilyeducation?A.Boundlesscuriosityandpersistence.B.Strongambitionandcompetitiveness.C.Acreativeandimaginativemindset.D.Agentleandcaringheartforcreatures.27.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tolaunchapioneeringcampaign. B.Tointroduceapromisingcareer.C.Torememberaguardianofnature. D.Toawakenapassionforwildlife.【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了動(dòng)物學(xué)家簡·古道爾的生平，包括童年玩具帶來的啟發(fā)、追夢歷程、家庭支持、畢生的科研與環(huán)保工作，以及她對后世的深遠(yuǎn)影響?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheimageshowedthebabyJaneholdingherfirstbirthdaygiftfromherfather—astuffedchimpanzeeJubilee.“Mymother’sfriendswerehorrifiedbythistoy,thinkingitwouldfrightenmeandgivemenightmares,”sherecalled.Instead,itledtohersenseofwonderabouttheworldandchangedhumankind’sunderstandingofanimals.(照片上，嬰兒時(shí)期的簡抱著父親送的第一個(gè)生日禮物——一只毛絨黑猩猩朱比利?！拔夷赣H的朋友們都很害怕這個(gè)玩具，認(rèn)為它會嚇到我，讓我做噩夢，”她回憶道。相反，它激發(fā)了她對世界的好奇心，并改變了人類對動(dòng)物的理解。)”可知，玩具朱比利并未如他人擔(dān)憂的那樣嚇到簡，反而激發(fā)了她的好奇心，對她的人生產(chǎn)生了重要啟發(fā)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itwasthenthatsheannouncedshewasgoingtogrowup,gotoAfrica,livewithwildanimals,andwritebooksaboutthem.Thiswasin1944,whenWorldWarIIwasragingandtheideaofwomenasprofessionals“justwasn’tonthetable.”(就在那時(shí)，她宣布自己長大后要去非洲，和野生動(dòng)物生活在一起，并寫關(guān)于它們的書。那是在1944年，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)正激烈進(jìn)行，女性成為專業(yè)人士的想法“根本不在考慮范圍內(nèi)”。)”可知，簡在1944年提出要從事野生動(dòng)物研究的職業(yè)理想，而當(dāng)時(shí)的社會背景下，女性成為專業(yè)人士的想法不被接受，即“野生動(dòng)物研究不適合女性”。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenotherchildrenteasedherunusualdream,hermotherreassuredher:truedreamsdemandtirelesswork,seizingopportunity,andnevergivingintodoubt.Thisfirmbeliefbecameherlife’sfoundation.Amemoryfromagefourcapturesthis:shehaddisappearedforfourhours,causingconsiderableconcern,onlytobediscoveredsittingcontentedlyinthehenhouse,absorbedinwatchingthehensandwonderingwheretheireggscamefrom.(當(dāng)其他孩子嘲笑她不尋常的夢想時(shí)，她的母親安慰她：真正的夢想需要不懈的努力、抓住機(jī)會，永遠(yuǎn)不要向懷疑屈服。這個(gè)堅(jiān)定的信念成為了她人生的基礎(chǔ)。一段四歲時(shí)的回憶體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)：她消失了四個(gè)小時(shí)，引起了極大的擔(dān)憂，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)她心滿意足地坐在雞舍里，全神貫注地看著母雞，想知道它們的蛋是從哪里來的。)”可知，簡從家庭教育中獲得了“不懈堅(jiān)持”和“無限好奇心”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Herworkdefinedherlife—rightuptotheend.DespiteheradvancedageJanetraveled300daysayear,deliveringtalkstostudents,scientists,andacademics.ShewasonaspeakingtourintheU.S.whenshedepartedthisliferecentlyinhersleepatahotelinLosAngeles.(她的工作定義了她的一生——直到生命的盡頭。盡管年事已高，簡每年仍旅行300天，向?qū)W生、科學(xué)家和學(xué)者們發(fā)表演講。最近，她在美國進(jìn)行巡回演講時(shí)，在洛杉磯的一家酒店睡覺時(shí)與世長辭。)”以及第五段中的“Tributesfloodedinfromfarandwide.“Jane’sworkonprimatesandtheimportanceofconservationopenedthedoorsforgenerationsofwomeninscience,”BarackObamasaid.PrinceWilliampraisedher“infinitecuriosity,compassion,andpioneeringspirit.Shechallengedusalltomakeadifferenceandinspiredmeandcountlessotherstoworktoprotectourplanet.”(來自四面八方的頌詞如潮水般涌來。巴拉克·奧巴馬說：“簡在靈長類動(dòng)物研究和環(huán)境保護(hù)重要性方面的工作，為一代又一代的女性科學(xué)家打開了大門?！蓖踝臃Q贊她“擁有無限的好奇心、同情心和開拓精神。她激勵(lì)我們所有人做出改變，也鼓舞著我和無數(shù)人致力于保護(hù)我們的星球?！?”可知，文章詳細(xì)回顧了簡·古道爾畢生致力于靈長類動(dòng)物研究與環(huán)保事業(yè)的事跡，以及她去世后獲得的廣泛贊譽(yù)，所以本文的目的是緬懷這位偉大的自然守護(hù)者。故選C項(xiàng)。C“MenarefromMars,womenfromVenus”hasbecomeaconvenientshorthandforeveryhouseholddebate,frommap-readingtoloadingthedishwasher.Yetbeneaththejokesliesaseriousquestion:arethetwosexesbornwithfundamentallydifferentwiring,orhavewesimplyrepeatedthestoryuntilitfeelstrue?Twohigh-profilesetsofscansappeartoofferhardproofofadifference.BritishpsychologistStuartRitchiereportedin2012thatmalebrainsare,onaverage,roughlyone-tenthheavierthanfemalebrainsandcontainmorewhite-matter.Threeyearslater,Israelineuroscientist(神經(jīng)學(xué)家)DaphnaJoeladdedthattypical“his”or“her”circuitscan’tbedetectedwithadvancedsoftware,eventhougheveryheadultimatelycontainsamixofboth—likeshadesthatvarybutneverperfectlymatchpassportsex.LiseEliot,aneuroscientistatChicagoMedicalSchool,believessuchheadlinesaretoodramatic.Afterre-analyzingthousandsofimagescollectedacrosssixcountries,shecallsthebrain“aunisex(不分性別的)organ”.Thenumericgapbetweengroupaverages,sheinsists,isnowiderthanthedifferencebetweenmaleandfemalekidneys,andthefiguresfailtopredicthowtheorganactuallyprocessesalgebra,empathy(同理心)orparkinginstructions.Putsimply,sizedecidesnothing.Ifbodystructureisnottherealboss,whatis?Socialexperience,arguesTheAtlanticClassicpaperslovedeye-catchingnumbers:a1970survey’showedboysbeatinggirlsthirteen-to-oneonthemathematicsSAT,afigureoncehighlightedbyformerHarvardpresidentLawrenceSummersasproofofnaturalmalescientifictalent.Whenlaterstudentgroupsofferedgirlsequallaboratoryhours,encouragedfemaleteachersandrewrotetextbookstoincludemorereal-worldproblems,theratiofelltothree-to-one,suggestingthatopportunity,notbodypart,writesmostofthescoreboard.MargaretMcCarthy,aneuropharmacologistattheUniversityofMaryland,applaudsEliotfor“forcingthedebateforward”.Shealsonotesthatwipingouteverysexdifferencewouldsoundanextremenote.Equal,sheremindsus,isnotidentical;biologymaystillwhisperwheresocietyshouts.28.WhydoestheauthorpresentthefindingsofRitchieandJoel?A.Tocorrectstatisticalerrorsinpsychology.B.Tostresstheriskofsingle-countrydatasets.C.Toexplainboys’badhabitsinreadingmaps.D.Toprovidescanevidenceofsexdifferences.29.WhatisimpliedbyEliot’sre-analysisofbrainvolume?A.Brainsizecansomehowdecidesexrules. B.Malesdowellintacklingcomplextasks.C.Generationgapsoutrunbetween-sexgaps. D.Itcannottellhowapersonwillthinkoract.30.Whatcanweinferfromthefallingmathscoregapafter1970?A.Equalchancesnarrowthescoregap. B.BoysarenowlosinginterestinSTEM.C.Standardizedtestsarenolongertrusted. D.Biologystilllimitsgirls’physicsscores.31.WhatmightbeMcCarthy’sattitudetoerasingsexdifferences?A.Favorable. B.Disapproving. C.Unclear. D.Indifferent.【答案】28.D29.D30.A31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過討論男女差異的生理與社交成因，指出大腦結(jié)構(gòu)差異不足以證明天生不同，機(jī)會平等更重要，但生物學(xué)因素仍不可忽視?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Twohigh-profilesetsofscansappeartoofferhardproofofadifference.BritishpsychologistStuartRitchiereportedin2012thatmalebrainsare,onaverage,roughlyone-tenthheavierthanfemalebrainsandcontainmorewhite-matter.Threeyearslater,Israelineuroscientist(神經(jīng)學(xué)家)DaphnaJoeladdedthattypical“his”or“her”circuitscan’tbedetectedwithadvancedsoftware,eventhougheveryheadultimatelycontainsamixofboth—likeshadesthatvarybutneverperfectlymatchpassportsex.(兩組備受矚目的掃描結(jié)果似乎提供了差異的確鑿證據(jù)。英國心理學(xué)家斯圖爾特·里奇在2012年報(bào)告稱，男性的大腦平均比女性大腦重約十分之一，且含有更多的白質(zhì)。三年后，以色列神經(jīng)科學(xué)家達(dá)夫納·喬爾補(bǔ)充說，即使使用先進(jìn)的軟件，也無法檢測到典型的“他的”或“她的”神經(jīng)回路，盡管每個(gè)人的大腦最終都包含兩者的混合——就像色調(diào)各異但永遠(yuǎn)不會與護(hù)照上的性別完全匹配)”可推知，作者展示里奇和喬爾的發(fā)現(xiàn)是為了提供性別差異的掃描證據(jù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“LiseEliot,aneuroscientistatChicagoMedicalSchool,believessuchheadlinesaretoodramatic.Afterre-analyzingthousandsofimagescollectedacrosssixcountries,shecallsthebrain“aunisex(不分性別的)organ”.Thenumericgapbetweengroupaverages,sheinsists,isnowiderthanthedifferencebetweenmaleandfemalekidneys,andthefiguresfailtopredicthowtheorganactuallyprocessesalgebra,empathyorparkinginstructions.Putsimply,sizedecidesnothing.(芝加哥醫(yī)學(xué)院的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家莉絲·艾略特認(rèn)為這樣的標(biāo)題過于夸張。在重新分析了來自六個(gè)國家的數(shù)千張圖像后，她稱大腦為“一個(gè)不分性別的器官”。她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，群體平均值之間的數(shù)字差距并不比男性和女性腎臟之間的差異更大，而且這些數(shù)字無法預(yù)測該器官實(shí)際上如何處理代數(shù)、同理心或停車指令。簡而言之，大小決定不了什么)”可推知，艾略特重新分析大腦體積后，認(rèn)為大腦體積不能預(yù)測一個(gè)人將如何思考或行動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Whenlaterstudentgroupsofferedgirlsequallaboratoryhours,encouragedfemaleteachersandrewrotetextbookstoincludemorereal-worldproblems,theratiofelltothree-to-one,suggestingthatopportunity,notbodypart,writesmostofthescoreboard.(后來，學(xué)生團(tuán)體為女孩提供平等的實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)間，鼓勵(lì)女教師，并重寫教科書以納入更多現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，這一比例降至三比一，這表明是機(jī)會，而不是身體部位，在分?jǐn)?shù)板上占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位)”可知，從1970年后數(shù)學(xué)成績差距的縮小可以推斷出，平等的機(jī)會縮小了分?jǐn)?shù)差距。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“MargaretMcCarthy,aneuropharmacologistattheUniversityofMaryland,applaudsEliotfor“forcingthedebateforward”.Shealsonotesthatwipingouteverysexdifferencewouldsoundanextremenote.Equal,sheremindsus,isnotidentical;biologymaystillwhisperwheresocietyshouts.(馬里蘭大學(xué)的神經(jīng)藥理學(xué)家瑪格麗特·麥卡錫稱贊艾略特“推動(dòng)了辯論的進(jìn)展”。她還指出，消除所有的性別差異聽起來有些極端。她提醒我們，平等并不意味著相同；在社會大聲疾呼的地方，生物學(xué)可能仍在低語)”可知，麥卡錫認(rèn)為消除所有的性別差異聽起來有些極端。由此推知，麥卡錫對消除性別差異的態(tài)度是不贊成的。故選B項(xiàng)。DUnderstandingaproofinamathtextbookisonething;beingabletoreconstructitwithouthelpisanotherthing.MyclassmatesandIlearnedthisthehardwayatuniversity.Mostofourexamswereoralexamsandnothingexposesalackofdeepknowledgefasterthantryingtoexplainaconcepttosomeone.Unlikewrittenexams,wherevisuallearnersmaybeabletoparrotbackmemorizednotesthattheybarelyunderstand,anoraltestdemandscreativethinkinginrealtime.Whenpresentedwithaproblem,studentsnotonlyneedtorecallrelevantdefinitionsandtheories,buttheyalsoneedtoapplythem-sometimesinwaystheyneveranticipated.Studentsoftenfallintoafamiliartrap.Theyreadthetextbooks,highlightkeypassages,andreviewlecturenotes.Theseactivitiesfeelproductive,butwhenexamdayarrives,astudentwilloftenrealizetheirpassivefamiliaritywiththematerialdoesn’ttranslateintotheabilitytoapplyit.Nordoesittranslateintoagoodgrade.Passivelearningismisleading.Itfeelslikewe’remakingprogress,butwithoutactuallyapplyingwhatwelearn,itslipsawayquickly.Consuminginformationisnotthesameasdevelopingskills.ThecognitivepsychologistDanielT.Willinghamexplainsthedistinctionbetweenpassiveandactivelearningwhenhewrites,“Memoryistheresultofthought.”Inotherwords,weforgetmostofwhatweencounterandrememberonlywhatwethinkabout.Readingaboutcalculationsdoesn’tautomaticallycreatetheneuralpathwaysneededtosolvecalculatingproblems.Thosepathwaysonlyformthroughdeliberatepractice:bysolvingproblems,makingmistakes,andexperiencingthestruggle.Asageneralrule,theharderyourbrainworksduringpractice,thebetteritperformswhenitmatters.Totrulymastersomething,youshouldembracechallengesandaccepttheslow,oftenfrustrating,paceoftruelearning.Theoralmathexamwasvaluablebecauseitbroketheillusionofpassivelearning.Standinginfrontoftheprofessor,facedwithaproblem,there’snowheretohide.Thepressuretoproducemathematicsrevealedthetruestateofourunderstanding.Totrulyknowwhatwedon’tknow,weshouldsimulateourownoralexamsbypicturinganimaginaryprofessoraskingquestionsandforcingourselvestofigureoutanswersonourown.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“parrotback”meaninparagraph2?A.Repeatmechanically. B.Appreciatedeeply.C.Applycreatively. D.Forgetquickly.33.Whydostudentsfallintothelearningtrap?A.Becauseofover-relianceontextbooks.B.Becauseofbrilliantexamperformance.C.Becauseofafalsesenseofcompetence.D.Becauseofoveremphasisonmemoryskills.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightDanielT.Willinghamagreewith?A.Repeatedexposurestrengthensmemories.B.Activeengagementbuildssolidmemory.C.Memoryimproveswithextensivereading.D.Learningoccurswhenteachersaskquestions.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.PassiveLearning:TheSilentKillerofExamsB.ConsciousPractice:TheBestWaytoLearnMathC.OralMathExams:TheFrustratingUniversityTestsD.ActiveLearning:TheKeytoMasteringKnowledge【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)無法讓人真正掌握知識，通過大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)口試的經(jīng)歷，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)、刻意練習(xí)才是掌握知識的關(guān)鍵。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Unlikewrittenexams,wherevisuallearnersmaybeabletoparrotbackmemorizednotesthattheybarelyunderstand,anoraltestdemandscreativethinkinginrealtime.(與筆試不同，視覺學(xué)習(xí)者在筆試中可能會對自己幾乎不理解的背誦筆記進(jìn)行parrotback，而口試則需要實(shí)時(shí)的創(chuàng)造性思維。)”可知，筆試中學(xué)習(xí)者可能只是重復(fù)記憶的筆記，并未真正理解，與口試的創(chuàng)造性思維形成對比。因此“parrotback”表示“機(jī)械重復(fù)”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theseactivitiesfeelproductive,butwhenexamdayarrives,astudentwilloftenrealizetheirpassivefamiliaritywiththematerialdoesn’ttranslateintotheabilitytoapplyit.Nordoesittranslateintoagoodgrade.Passivelearningismisleading.Itfeelslikewe’remakingprogress,butwithoutactuallyapplyingwhatwelearn,itslipsawayquickly.(這些活動(dòng)讓人感覺很有成效，但當(dāng)考試日到來時(shí)，學(xué)生往往會意識到，他們對材料的被動(dòng)熟悉并不能轉(zhuǎn)化為應(yīng)用能力，也不能轉(zhuǎn)化為好成績。被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)具有誤導(dǎo)性。感覺我們在進(jìn)步，但如果不實(shí)際應(yīng)用所學(xué)，知識很快就會溜走。)”可知，學(xué)生陷入學(xué)習(xí)陷阱是因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)學(xué)習(xí)帶來了虛假的能力感，讓他們誤以為自己掌握了知識。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ThecognitivepsychologistDanielT.Willinghamexplainsthedistinctionbetweenpassiveandactivelearningwhenhewrites,“Memoryistheresultofthought.”Inotherwords,weforgetmostofwhatweencounterandrememberonlywhatwethinkabout.(認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家丹尼爾·T·威林厄姆在解釋被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)和主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別時(shí)寫道：“記憶是思考的結(jié)果?！睋Q句話說，我們會忘記大部分遇到的東西，只記住我們思考過的東西。)”可知，威林厄姆認(rèn)為記憶源于思考，即主動(dòng)參與才能形成牢固的記憶。故選B項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章通過大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)口試的經(jīng)歷引出被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的弊端，引用心理學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)“記憶是思考的結(jié)果”，并指出主動(dòng)練習(xí)、迎接挑戰(zhàn)才是真正掌握知識的方式，所以題目“主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)是掌握知識的關(guān)鍵”概括了全文的主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)HowtoAvoidOver-consumption:ExpertTipstoBeatShoppingTrapsBlackFridayandholidaysales,nowaglobalphenomenon,aredesignedtotriggerimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)overspendingbytakingadvantageofhumanpsychology.Consumerexpertswarnthattheseeventsusemethodslikeurgencyandpleasure-drivenbrainresponsestocloudjudgment—butsimplestrategiescanhelpshoppersstayincontrol.Makeaneeds-basedlistandsticktoit.____36____Startbydraftingastrictlistofnecessaryitems,notwants.Notetheirpre-saleprices:many“discounts”raisecostsfirst,socomparinghistoricalpricesrevealstruebargains.Evensmall,unplannedbuyscanadduptosi