專題十四構(gòu)詞法脈絡(luò)構(gòu)建明考向考點(diǎn)解讀釋疑難考點(diǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)化法把一個詞從一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類而詞形不變的方法,稱作轉(zhuǎn)化法。轉(zhuǎn)化例詞名詞?動詞caren.照顧;小心v.關(guān)心;擔(dān)憂;在意cookn.廚師v.烹調(diào)watern.水v.澆水 handn.手v.傳遞loven.愛v.愛;熱愛;喜歡

dressn.連衣裙;衣服v.(給某人)穿衣服;打扮smelln.氣味v.聞;聞起來 fishn.魚(肉)v.釣魚heatn.熱;高溫v.加熱

lightn.光;燈v.點(diǎn)燃recordn.記錄;唱片v.錄制;錄(音)形容詞?動詞freeadj.免費(fèi)的;自由的;空閑的v.釋放;使擺脫emptyadj.空的v.清空slowadj.慢的v.(使)放慢速度 dryadj.干(燥)的;干旱的v.(使)變干cleanadj.干凈的;清新的v.清洗;打掃 closeadj.(在空間、時間上)接近v.關(guān)閉openadj.開放的;張開的;開闊的;裸露的v.打開;開啟;張開lastadj.最后的v.持續(xù) completeadj.完全的;完整的v.完成形容詞?副詞fastadj.快的;迅速的adv.快速hardadj.困難的;堅(jiān)硬的;努力的adv.努力地enoughadj.足夠的adv.充分地

weeklyadj.每周的adv.每周形容詞?名詞lightadj.淺色的;輕的;輕柔的n.光;燈考點(diǎn)二合成法兩個或兩個以上的詞結(jié)合成一個新詞的方法稱作合成法。用這種方法構(gòu)成的詞叫合成詞。合成詞例詞合成名詞名詞+名詞basketball籃球birthday生日football足球baseball棒球

homework家庭作業(yè)

newspaper報紙policeman(男)警察 fisherman漁民

housework家務(wù)hometown故鄉(xiāng);家鄉(xiāng) friendship友誼;友情

airport機(jī)場keyboard鍵盤合成名詞形容詞+名詞blackboard黑板supermarket超市superhero超級英雄greenhouse溫室 background背景

backpack背包動詞+名詞playground操場bathroom浴室;洗手間postman郵遞員postcard明信片 rainstorm暴風(fēng)雨

passport護(hù)照名詞+動詞headache頭疼toothache牙疼stomachache胃痛;腹痛 backache背痛,腰痛合成形容詞形容詞+名詞+-(e)dnear-sighted近視的warm-hearted熱心腸的;富有同情心的middle-aged中年的形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working辛勤的;努力的

good-looking好看的;美貌的名詞+過去分詞man-made人造的heart-broken心碎的副詞+過去分詞well-known著名的;眾所周知的well-educated受過良好教育的名詞+形容詞lifelong畢生的;終身的world-famous世界著名的名詞+名詞part-time兼職的school-age學(xué)齡期的基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞(+形容詞)atwo-month-oldbaby一個兩個月大的嬰兒athree-metertree一棵三米高的樹合成代詞everybody每個人

everyone每個人everything一切事物

anyone任何人

anybody任何人

anything任何事物whoever無論誰

whatever任何;每一;無論什么合成動詞oversleep睡過頭

overcome克服understand理解;領(lǐng)會 underline在……下劃線合成介詞outside在……外面inside在……里邊within在……范圍之內(nèi)without沒有;不(做某事) beside在……旁邊

below在……下面above在……上面合成副詞anywhere在任何地方somewhere在某處however然而 maybe可能outdoors在戶外 otherwise否則考點(diǎn)三派生法在一個詞上附加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成新詞的方法,稱作派生法。前綴附加在單詞或詞根的前面,一般不改變原詞的詞類,但會引起詞義的變化;后綴附加在單詞或詞根的后面,一般不改變原詞的基本含義,只改變其詞類。詞綴例詞前綴dis-disadvantage缺點(diǎn);不利條件disagree不同意;不一致disappear消失;不見 discover發(fā)現(xiàn)dislike不喜歡a-ahead在前面awake醒著的alive活著的;有活力的un-unbelievable難以置信的uncomfortable不舒服的uncrowded不擁擠的 unfair不公正的unlucky不幸的 unusual特別的;不尋常的unsure不確定的;無把握的im-/in-impossible不可能的impolite不禮貌的;粗魯?shù)膇nexpensive不昂貴的 indirect間接的mis-mistake錯誤misunderstand誤解re-reusable可重復(fù)使用的recycle回收利用;重新使用review復(fù)習(xí);回顧en-encourage鼓勵enable使能夠inter-Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng);因特網(wǎng)international國際的名詞后綴-er/-or/-essleader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)manager經(jīng)理worker工人stranger陌生人 teenager(13至19歲之間的)青少年banker銀行家 officer軍官;官員 villager村民actor男演員director導(dǎo)演actress女演員waitress女服務(wù)員-isttourist游客violinist小提琴手artist藝術(shù)家pianist鋼琴家-ionaction行為;行動communication交流;溝通decision決定;抉擇discussion討論;商量 expression表情;表示;表達(dá)方式-mentachievement成績;成就agreement同意development發(fā)展

excitement激動;興奮名詞后綴-ingbuilding建筑物feeling感覺;感情meaning意義greeting問候-ity/-yactivity活動difficulty難題;困難similarity相似點(diǎn)-nessshyness害羞sadness悲哀illness疾病fairness公正性;合理性-shipfriendship友誼;友情relationship關(guān)系;聯(lián)系-ianAsian亞洲人magician魔術(shù)師historian史學(xué)工作者 musician音樂家-hoodchildhood童年neighborhood街區(qū);街坊-thtruth事實(shí);實(shí)情warmth溫暖;暖和形容詞后綴-ycloudy多云的funny滑稽有趣的lucky幸運(yùn)的

noisy吵鬧的-fulmeaningful有意義的careful小心的;細(xì)致的;慎重的harmful有害的-almusical音樂的

national國家的;民族的traditional傳統(tǒng)的;慣例的

educational教育的;有教育意義的medical醫(yī)學(xué)的;醫(yī)療的-lyfriendly友好的daily每日的;日常的lively生機(jī)勃勃的;(色彩)鮮艷的-ishselfish自私的;自利的foolish愚蠢的;魯莽的-ousdangerous危險的humorous幽默的;滑稽的-ablebelievable可信任的enjoyable有樂趣的;令人愉快的valuable有價值的;寶貴的;貴重的-iveactive積極的;活躍的creative有創(chuàng)造力的-lesscareless粗心的meaningless毫無意義的homeless無家可歸的-ernsouthern南方的northern北方的eastern東方的 western西方的-enwooden木制的golden金色的-ingamazing令人大為驚奇的exciting令人激動的;使人興奮的understanding善解人意的 fascinating極有吸引力的tiring累人的;使人疲勞的-edpolluted受污染的bored感到厭倦的;煩悶的crowded擁擠的

talented有才能的;有才干的relaxed輕松的;自在的副詞后綴-lybadly嚴(yán)重地cheaply便宜地;低廉地comfortably舒服地 easily容易地heavily大量地

mainly主要地politely有禮貌地?cái)?shù)詞后綴-teenthirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六

seventeen十七

eighteen十八nineteen十九-tytwenty二十

thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十 seventy七十 eighty八十 ninety九十-thfourth第四fifth第五sixth第六seventh第七eighth第八 ninth第九 twentieth第二十對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Everyoneshouldunderstandthe

(different)betweenrightandwrong.

2.—Whatdidyoudoinclassthismorning,Sally?—Wehada

(discuss)aboutChineseculture.

3.TheHuangguoshuWaterfallis

(wide)knowntopeoplefromhomeandabroad.

differencediscussionwidely4.Eddie,lookatyour

(tidy)room.You’dbetterkeepeverythinginorder.

5.Ihopethisexcellentreportwillbe

(help)inansweringyourquestion.

6.Sometimesheandhisfriends

(agree)witheachotherandbegintoargue.

7.A

(health)competitivespiritcanpushpeopletotrytobebetter.

untidyhelpfuldisagreehealthy8.TheLabaFestivalfallsonthe

(eight)dayofthe

(twelve)lunarmonth.

9.Davidisa

(work)atacarfactory.Heloveshisjob.

10.Hikingisagreatwaytoexperiencethe

(nature)beauty.

eighthtwelfthworkernatural追蹤評價提能力一、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,有兩詞多余

interest

communicate

possible

harm

enjoy rain agree comfortable

peace simple crowd wind1.Thebuswasso

thattheyhadtowaitforthenextone.

2.IliketravelingbecauseIcanmeetsome

peopleandthingsalongtheway.

crowdedinteresting3.It’ssunnyand

today.Let’sgooutsideandflykites.

4.Inour

withothers,thefinalpurposeistoletbothsidesknoweachother’sideasclearly.

5.Afteratwo-hourdiscussion,theyfinallycametoa(n)

.

6.Thezooisgettingreadytoprovidethepandaswithalargerlivingenvironmentsothattheycanlive

.

windycommunicationagreementcomfortably7.Rick’smotherwarnedhimthatitwas

tohiseyesifheplayedvideogamestoomuch.

8.Ilikeplayingtabletennis.ThoughI’mnotgoodatit,Ithinknothingismore

thanplayingit.

9.Inthefaceofdisasters,it’s

tobringbackthelivesofpeople’sfamilymemberstheyhavelost.

10.Cookingthisdishrequires28steps,butwehavetriedto

itto10stepssothatmorepeoplecancookiteasilyathome.

harmfulenjoyableimpossiblesimplify二、語法選擇

BetweenJanuary1,2019andJanuary1,2024,therewere11,180homefiredeathsintheUS.Thebesttimetogetawayfromafireisjustthreeminutesorless.Soeveryoneshouldpayattentiontofire

1

athome.

Toavoidstartingafire,first,beespecially

2

whenusingcookingtools.Neverleavethekitchenwhilecooking,andmakesurethetoolsare

3

turnedoffaftercooking.Second,checkelectricalappliances(電器)oftentomakesuretheyareworkingproperly.Finally,don’tforgetlittlekids.Theyusuallyfindfire

4

andthinkoffireasatoy.

Sokeepthemawayfromfireandteachthemaboutdangersoffire.Remembertheseandtake

5

toavoidhomefire.Alwaystaketheuseoffireseriouslyathome.

()1.A.safe

B.safely

C.safety()2.A.care B.careful C.carefully()3.A.complete B.completion C.completely()4.A.excite B.exciting C.excitingly()5.A.act B.active C.actionCBCBC三、短文填空請從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞,每詞僅用一次,有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。語篇類型:記敘文難度:建議用時:7min正確率:

/10【文章大意】文章主要講述了作者作為一名自然攝影師,在黃石國家公園拍攝過程中偶遇熊的經(jīng)歷。rain

nature

true

weigh able excite relax feelslow forgettable help success

Photographyismyhobby.Asanaturephotographer,Ihavetofacethewindyand1.

days,butIstillenjoyworkingoutside.Ifeelpeacefuland2.

whenwatchinganimalsinthewild.MyfavoriteplacetotakephotosisYellowstoneNationalPark.Itis3.

bestknownforitsbears.Thesehuge,stronganimalscanlivefor30years.

Despite(盡管)a(n)4.

ofupto320kilog