中考英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題庫一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)概述與核心知識(shí)回顧被動(dòng)語態(tài)是中考英語語法的高頻考點(diǎn)，常以單項(xiàng)選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、翻譯、語篇填空等形式考查，分值約占語法部分的15%-20%。其核心是“動(dòng)作的承受者作主語”，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“be動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（bedone）”。（一）?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（以動(dòng)詞*do*為例）時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句（主動(dòng)→被動(dòng)）----------------------------------------------------------------------------一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done主動(dòng)：Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.

被動(dòng)：Rice**isgrown**inthesouth(bypeople).一般過去時(shí)was/were+done主動(dòng)：Theybuiltthebridgelastyear.

被動(dòng)：Thebridge**wasbuilt**lastyear(bythem).一般將來時(shí)willbe+done/begoingtobedone主動(dòng)：Wewillfinishtheworktomorrow.

被動(dòng)：Thework**willbefinished**tomorrow(byus).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+done主動(dòng)：Hehasfinishedthereport.

被動(dòng)：Thereport**hasbeenfinished**(byhim).含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done主動(dòng)：Youmustreturnthebookontime.

被動(dòng)：Thebook**mustbereturned**ontime(byyou).（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)景1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者：當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，而非執(zhí)行者時(shí)（如事物作主語）。例：*Thenewlibrarywasopenedlastmonth.*（強(qiáng)調(diào)“圖書館”被開放，而非誰開放的）2.未知或無需說明執(zhí)行者：執(zhí)行者不明確或沒必要提及。例：*Mybikewasstolenyesterday.*（無需說明“誰偷的”）3.禮貌表達(dá)或正式語境：避免強(qiáng)調(diào)“人”的動(dòng)作，使語氣更客觀。例：*Yourorderwillbeprocessedsoon.*（服務(wù)場(chǎng)景中常用）二、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題型及實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（一）單項(xiàng)選擇題（考查時(shí)態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)辨析）例題解析：—Doyouknowwhenthenewschoollibrary______?—Lastweek.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt解析：主語“l(fā)ibrary”是“被建造”的對(duì)象，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；答語“l(fā)astweek”提示時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故選B。實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（每題1分，共5題）：1.Alotoftrees______aroundhereeveryyear,andwecanenjoyfresherair.A.plantB.isplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted2.The2024OlympicGames______inParis.A.holdB.willholdC.willbeheldD.isheld3.—Whydidn’tyougototheparty?—BecauseI______(notinvite)yet.A.haven’tinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Theproblem______bytheteacheryesterday.A.wasexplainedB.explainedC.isexplainedD.explains5.Thesebooks______tothechildreninthecountrysidenextweek.A.sendB.willsendC.aresentD.willbesent（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換題（主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：1.原句賓語→被動(dòng)句主語；2.原句謂語→“be+過去分詞”（時(shí)態(tài)與原句一致）；3.原句主語→by+賓語（執(zhí)行者可省略）；4.若原句含“makesbdo”“seesbdo”等結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)時(shí)需還原to（即“sbbemade/seentodo”）。例題：PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.→English____________allovertheworld(bypeople).答案：isspoken實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（每題2分，共4題）：1.Theywillfinishtheprojectintwomonths.→Theproject__________________intwomonths(bythem).2.TheteachermadeTomcleantheclassroom.→Tom__________________cleantheclassroom(bytheteacher).3.Wehaveplantedmanytreesinourschool.→Manytrees__________________inourschool(byus).4.Doessheoftensingthissong?→______thissongoften______byher?（三）翻譯題（中譯英，考查語境與時(shí)態(tài)）翻譯技巧：先判斷“被動(dòng)”邏輯，再確定時(shí)態(tài)，最后組織結(jié)構(gòu)。例題：這本書已經(jīng)被翻譯成了10種語言?！鶷hisbook__________________into10languages.答案：hasbeentranslated實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（每題3分，共3題）：1.這個(gè)機(jī)器人是中國(guó)制造的。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）_______________________________________2.昨天，我的自行車被弄壞了。（一般過去時(shí)）_______________________________________3.這些問題必須在明天之前解決。（含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）_______________________________________（四）語篇填空題（語境中運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）閱讀短文，用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）填空。*Anewlibrary______(build)inourschoollastyear.Nowit______(visit)byhundredsofstudentseveryday.Nextmonth,anewreadingroom______(open)there.Somefamousbooks______(donate)tothelibrarybylocalwriterssofar.Ibelievethelibrary______(make)morebeautifulinthefuture.*思路解析：1.第一空：時(shí)間“l(fā)astyear”→一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)，填wasbuilt；2.第二空：“everyday”→一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)，填isvisited；3.第三空：“nextmonth”→一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)，填willbeopened；4.第四空：“sofar”→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)，填havebeendonated；5.第五空：“inthefuture”→一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)，填willbemade。三、解題技巧與易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（一）判斷是否用被動(dòng)的3個(gè)信號(hào)1.主語是“物”或“抽象概念”：如“book,bridge,problem,news”等，大概率用被動(dòng)。2.句中含“by+執(zhí)行者”：by后通常接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，提示被動(dòng)。3.語境隱含“被……”邏輯：如“訂單被處理”“規(guī)則被制定”等，需結(jié)合語義判斷。（二）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒1.不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)：如happen,takeplace,appear,die等，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。誤：*Greatchangesweretakenplaceinmyhometown.*（×）正：*Greatchangestookplaceinmyhometown.*（√）2.“bedone”表被動(dòng)，“done”表完成”：注意區(qū)分“過去分詞作定語/表語”與“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。例：*Thebrokenglassneedstobecleaned.*（broken是定語，表“破碎的”；becleaned是被動(dòng)，表“被清理”）3.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)還原to：make/let/havesbdo；see/watch/hearsbdo變被動(dòng)時(shí)，需加to。誤：*Hewasmadeworkallday.*（×）正：*Hewasmadetoworkallday.*（√）四、答案與解析（附詳細(xì)思路）（一）單項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.C（everyyear→一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；trees是復(fù)數(shù)，故選areplanted）2.C（2024是將來時(shí)間→一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)，Olympics是復(fù)數(shù)，故選willbeheld）3.C（yet→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；I是被邀請(qǐng)→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)，故選haven’tbeeninvited）4.A（yesterday→一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)，故選wasexplained）5.D（nextweek→一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)，故選willbesent）（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換題答案1.willbefinished（原句一般將來時(shí)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“willbe+done”）2.wasmadeto（原句一般過去時(shí)；makesbdo變被動(dòng)需加to，故wasmadeto）3.havebeenplanted（原句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“havebeen+done”）4.Is;sung（原句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“is+done”，一般疑問句將is提前）（三）翻譯題答案1.ThisrobotismadeinChina.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)：ismade）2.Mybikewasbrokenyesterday.（一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)：wasbroken）3.Theseproblemsmustbesolvedbeforetomorrow.（含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)：mustbesolved）（四）語篇填空題答案（含解析）1.wasbuilt（lastyear→過去時(shí)；library是被建造→wasbuilt）2.isvisited（everyday→現(xiàn)在時(shí)；library是被參觀→isvisited）3.willbeopened（nextmonth→將來時(shí)；rea