2025年翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)研究生入學(xué)考試試卷及答案一、基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)（60分）（一）詞匯與語(yǔ)法（20分）1.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)完成句子。（1）The______ofartificialintelligenceintranslationhasnotonlystreamlinedworkflowsbutalsoraisedethicalconcernsaboutthedisplacementofhumantranslators.A.proliferationB.polarizationC.propositionD.propagation（2）Thetranslator’snoteappendedtothenovelwas______initsanalysisofculturalnuance,offeringreadersarareinsightintothechallengesofrenderingidiomaticexpressionsacrosslanguages.A.perfunctoryB.penetrativeC.perplexingD.pernicious（3）Despitethe______ofthesourcetext—writteninadialectobsoleteforthreecenturies—thetranslatormanagedtocaptureitslyricalessencethroughmeticulousresearchandcreativeadaptation.A.obsolescenceB.obscurityC.obscenityD.obstinacy（4）Theconferenceontranslationalpoeticshighlightedtheneedfor______approachesthatbridgelinguisticstructureandliteraryaesthetics,ratherthanadheringrigidlytoformalequivalence.A.dogmaticB.dichotomousC.dialecticalD.divergent（5）The______oftheinterpreterduringthediplomatictalkswascritical;asinglemistranslationcouldhaveescalatedtensionsbetweenthetwonations.A.discretionB.discrepancyC.discernmentD.dissonance（二）閱讀理解（30分）閱讀以下兩篇短文，回答1-5題（每篇5題，每題3分）。【短文一】Inthedigitalage,machinetranslation(MT)hasevolvedfromrule-basedsystemstoneuralmodels,yetitslimitationspersist.WhileMTexcelsatprocessinglargevolumesoftext—suchastechnicalmanualsorlegaldocuments—itstruggleswithcontext-dependentmeaning,culturalreferences,andthesubtletiesoftone.ArecentstudybytheGlobalTranslationInstitutefoundthat68%ofprofessionaltranslatorsuseMTasatoolbutrelyonhumanrevisionforaccuracy,especiallyindomainslikeliterature,diplomacy,andhealthcare.CriticsarguethatoverrelianceonMTmayerodethedemandforhumantranslators,butproponentscounterthatitenhancesefficiency,allowinglinguiststofocusonhigher-ordertaskslikelocalizationandculturaladaptation.Forinstance,inthegamingindustry,MTacceleratesthetranslationofin-gametext,whilehumantranslatorsrefinedialoguetomatchcharacterpersonalitiesandregionalslang.However,theethicaldimensioncannotbeignored.MTsystemstrainedonbiaseddatasetsmayreproducestereotypes,ariskparticularlyacuteintranslationsofgender-specifictermsorhistoricalnarratives.Translatorsthusfaceadualresponsibility:leveragingtechnologywhileadvocatingforitsethicaluse.1.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthefirstparagraph?A.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofmachinetranslationB.ThestrengthsandweaknessesofmachinetranslationincurrentuseC.TheeconomicimpactofmachinetranslationonthejobmarketD.Thetechnicalmechanismsbehindneuralmachinetranslation2.AccordingtotheGlobalTranslationInstitutestudy,whatpercentageofprofessionaltranslatorsusemachinetranslation?A.32%B.68%C.50%D.85%3.Whyishumanrevisioncrucialinliterature,diplomacy,andhealthcaretranslations?A.BecausethesedomainsrequireprocessinglargetextvolumesB.Becausetheyinvolvecontext,culture,andtonethatMTstruggleswithC.BecauseMTsystemsarenotyetavailableforthesespecializedfieldsD.Becausetranslatorsinthesefieldsaremoreresistanttotechnology4.WhatexampleisgiventoillustratehowMTandhumantranslatorscollaborate?A.TranslationoflegaldocumentsB.LocalizationofgamingdialogueC.RevisionoftechnicalmanualsD.Adaptationofhistoricalnarratives5.Whatethicalconcernisraisedaboutmachinetranslation?A.ItmayreducetheneedforhumantranslatorsB.ItcouldperpetuatebiasesfromtrainingdataC.ItfailstohandletechnicalterminologyaccuratelyD.Itrequiresexcessivecomputationalresources【短文二】Linguisticrelativity,ortheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,positsthatthestructureofalanguageinfluencesitsspeakers’cognition.Whilethestrongversion—suggestinglanguagedeterminesthought—hasbeenlargelydiscredited,theweakversion,whicharguesforlanguageshapingperception,remainsatopicofdebate.AclassicexampleistheInuit’smultiplewordsforsnow,oftencitedasevidencethattheirlanguageallowsfinerdistinctionsinsnowperception.However,recentresearchshowsthatskiers,regardlessoflanguage,canalsodistinguishnumeroussnowtypes,suggestingthatexpertise,notjustlanguage,playsarole.Intranslationstudies,thisdebatehaspracticalimplications.Iflanguageshapesthought,translatorsmustnotonlyconveywordsbutalsotheconceptualframeworksembeddedinthem.Forexample,theGermanterm“Fernweh”(alongingfordistantplaces)hasnodirectEnglishequivalent;translatorsoftenusecircumlocution(“adesiretotraveltofar-offlands”)orborrowthetermitself,riskingalienationofreaders.Suchchallengeshighlightthetranslator’sroleasaculturalmediator.Bynavigatinglinguisticandconceptualgaps,translatorsfacilitatecross-culturalunderstandingwhilepreservingtheuniquenessofeachlanguage’sworldview.6.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesisprimarilyabout?A.TherelationshipbetweenlanguagestructureandthoughtB.TheevolutionoflanguageacrossculturesC.TheroleoftranslationinculturalexchangeD.Theimpactoftechnologyonlinguisticdiversity7.WhatdoestheexampleofInuitwordsforsnowaimtoillustrate?A.ThestrongversionoflinguisticrelativityB.TheinfluenceofexpertiseonperceptionC.TheweakversionoflinguisticrelativityD.Theuniversalityofhumancognition8.Whyistheterm“Fernweh”mentionedinthepassage?A.TodemonstratetheeaseoftranslatingculturalconceptsB.Toshowthechallengeofconveyinglanguage-specificideasC.ToargueagainsttheneedforborrowingforeigntermsD.Toillustratetheimportanceoftechnicaltranslation9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisatranslator’skeyrole?A.ToreplaceoriginaltextswithtargetlanguageequivalentsB.ToeliminateculturaldifferencesthroughtranslationC.TomediatebetweenlanguagesandculturesD.Toprioritizeliteraltranslationovermeaning10.Whatisthemainconclusionaboutlinguisticrelativity?A.LanguagecompletelydetermineshowpeoplethinkB.LanguagehasnoinfluenceonperceptionC.LanguagemayshapebutnotdeterminethoughtD.Expertiseisirrelevanttoperceptualdistinctions（三）完形填空（10分）閱讀下面短文，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。Translationisoften______asabridgebetweencultures,butitismoreaccuratelyadynamicprocessofnegotiation.Whentranslatingapoem,forinstance,thetranslatormustbalancefidelitytotheoriginal______creativityinthetargetlanguage.Aliteraltranslationmaypreservewordorderbut______thepoem’srhythm,whileafreeadaptationmightenhancereadabilityatthecostof______.Cultural______furthercomplicatethetask.Areferenceto“redenvelopes”inChineseculture,symbolizinggoodluck,cannotbe______translatedas“redenvelopes”inEnglishwithoutexplanation,astheculturalconnotationisnotuniversal.Translatorsmustthusdecidewhetherto______theterm,provideagloss,orfindatarget-languageequivalentthat______theoriginalmeaning.Thisprocessrequiresnotonlylinguistic______butalsoculturalsensitivity.Greattranslatorsarethosewhocan______theessenceofatextwhilemakingitresonatewithreadersinanewculturalcontext.11.A.dismissedB.depictedC.displacedD.dispatched12.A.withB.forC.againstD.beyond13.A.enhanceB.distortC.maintainD.replicate14.A.accuracyB.ambiguityC.accessibilityD.absurdity15.A.universalsB.nuancesC.normsD.taboos16.A.directlyB.differentiallyC.deliberatelyD.deceptively17.A.abandonB.adaptC.adoptD.abolish18.A.obscuresB.omitsC.overlapsD.preserves19.A.proficiencyB.povertyC.prejudiceD.priority20.A.diluteB.deleteC.distillD.denote二、翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（90分）（一）英漢筆譯（40分）將以下英文段落譯為漢語(yǔ)，要求準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文含義，語(yǔ)言流暢自然。Theactoftranslationisanactofempathy.Torenderatextfromonelanguageintoanother,thetranslatormustfirstinhabitthemindoftheoriginalauthor,understandingnotonlythewordsbuttheemotions,culturalassumptions,andunspokenintentionsthatliebeneaththem.Thisisparticularlytrueinliterarytranslation,wherethebeautyofalineoftenresidesinitsambiguity,itsrhythm,oritsallusiontoasharedculturalmemory.Considerthechallengeoftranslatingahaiku,thatquintessentialJapaneseformofpoetry.Ahaiku’spowercomesfromitsbrevity—usually17syllablesdividedintothreelines—anditsuseof“kigo,”seasonalreferencesthatanchorthepoeminaspecifictimeofyear.Translatingahaikurequiresnotonlycapturingtheimagerybutalsoconveyingthe“kigo”inawaythatresonateswithreadersunfamiliarwithJapaneseseasons.Ahaikuabout“tsuyu”(therainyseasoninearlysummer)mightberenderedas“theearlysummerrain,”butthislosesthenuanceof“tsuyu,”whichevokesnotjustprecipitationbuthumidity,thebloomofhydrangeas,andasenseofmelancholypeculiartothattimeofyear.Inthissense,translationisnotmerelyatransferofinformationbutanactofculturaltransmission.Itasksthetranslatortobebothascholar,dissectingthelayersofmeaning,andanartist,recombiningthoselayersintoanewworkthatspeakstoadifferentaudience.（二）漢英筆譯（40分）將以下中文段落譯為英語(yǔ)，要求用詞準(zhǔn)確，符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，保留原文的文學(xué)性。翻譯從來(lái)不是簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換，而是文化基因的解碼與重寫(xiě)。當(dāng)我們將“月是故鄉(xiāng)明”這句杜甫的詩(shī)譯成英文時(shí)，表面上是在處理“月亮”“故鄉(xiāng)”“明亮”這些詞匯，實(shí)則是在傳遞一種對(duì)故土的深切眷戀——這種情感跨越了語(yǔ)言，卻又深深植根于中國(guó)文化中“月”的意象傳統(tǒng)。從《詩(shī)經(jīng)》里的“月出皎兮”到蘇軾的“明月幾時(shí)有”，“月”在中國(guó)文學(xué)中不僅是自然景物，更是情感的載體、思念的符號(hào)。譯者需要做的，不僅是找到“月”的對(duì)應(yīng)詞“moon”，更要讓英文讀者感受到“月”在中文里承載的文化重量。例如，“月是故鄉(xiāng)明”若直譯為“Themoonisbrighterinmyhometown”，雖語(yǔ)法正確，卻丟失了原句中“故鄉(xiāng)”與“月”之間的情感聯(lián)結(jié)。更貼切的譯法可能是“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”——通過(guò)添加“o’ermyoldhome”的位置強(qiáng)調(diào)，以及“still”的語(yǔ)氣詞，讓英文讀者隱約體會(huì)到那種“故鄉(xiāng)之月更明”的主觀(guān)情感。這便是翻譯的魅力：它讓不同文化在語(yǔ)言的碰撞中彼此看見(jiàn)，讓遠(yuǎn)方的故事?lián)碛辛吮镜氐臏囟取＃ㄈ┙粋骺谧g（10分）聽(tīng)一段關(guān)于“翻譯與技術(shù)”的英文演講（文本如下），將其譯為漢語(yǔ)，要求信息完整，口語(yǔ)化自然?！癓adiesandgentlemen,theriseoftranslationtechnologyhassparkedbothexcitementandanxiety.Ononehand,toolslikeCAT(Computer-AssistedTranslation)softwareandneuralmachinetranslationhavemadeourworkfasterandmoreefficient.Theyhelpusmanagelargeprojects,consistencyinterminology,andevenreducecostsforclients.Ontheotherhand,somefearthattechnologywillreplacehumantranslators,turningusintomereeditorsofmachineoutput.Butlet’sbeclear:technologyisatool,notareplacement.Asurgeondoesn’tabandonthescalpelbecauseofMRImachines;instead,theyuseMRItoguidethescalpel.Similarly,translatorsshouldusetechnologytoenhancetheirskills,notbeovershadowedbyit.Thehumanelement—ourculturalunderstanding,ourabilitytograspnuance,ourjudgmentinchoosingtherightword—isirreplaceable.Inthefuture,successfultranslatorswillbethosewhomasterbothlanguagesandtechnology.They’llknowwhentoletthemachinehandlerepetitivetasksandwhentostepinwiththeirexpertise.Thissynergybetweenhumanandmachineisnotathreatbutanopportunity—achancetoredefinewhatitmeanstobeatranslatorinthedigitalage.”三、漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作（50分）請(qǐng)以“技術(shù)時(shí)代的翻譯者：工具還是主體？”為題，寫(xiě)一篇不少于800字的議論文。要求觀(guān)點(diǎn)明確，邏輯清晰，論據(jù)充分，語(yǔ)言流暢。答案與解析一、基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)（一）詞匯與語(yǔ)法1-5：ABBCA解析：（1）proliferation（擴(kuò)散）符合“人工智能在翻譯中的普及”語(yǔ)境；（2）penetrative（深刻的）描述注釋分析的深入；（3）obscurity（晦澀）指源文本因方言過(guò)時(shí)難以理解；（4）dialectical（辯證的）強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)合語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與文學(xué)美學(xué)的方法；（5）discretion（謹(jǐn)慎）體現(xiàn)口譯員在外交場(chǎng)合的重要性。（二）閱讀理解1-5：BBBBB；6-10：ACBCC解析：（1）首段對(duì)比MT的優(yōu)勢(shì)（處理大文本）與劣勢(shì)（上下文、文化、語(yǔ)氣）；（2）直接引用68%的數(shù)據(jù)；（3）MT在文學(xué)等領(lǐng)域因上下文、文化、語(yǔ)氣處理不足需人工修訂；（4）游戲?qū)υ?huà)的本地化為例；（5）MT可能復(fù)制訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)中的偏見(jiàn)；（6）假設(shè)核心是語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)影響思維；（7）因紐特雪的詞匯是弱版本例證；（8）“Fernweh”說(shuō)明無(wú)對(duì)應(yīng)詞的翻譯挑戰(zhàn)；（9）譯者作為文化中介；（10）語(yǔ)言塑造而非決定思維。（三）完形填空11-15：BABAB；16-20：ACDAC解析：（11）depicted（描述為）符合“翻譯被描述為橋梁”；（12）balance...with（平衡...與）固定搭配；（13）distort（破壞）指直譯可能破壞節(jié)奏；（14）accuracy（準(zhǔn)確性）與“犧牲”搭配；（15）nuances（細(xì)微差別）指文化細(xì)節(jié)；（16）directly（直接）對(duì)應(yīng)無(wú)需解釋的直譯；（17）adopt（采用）指保留原詞；（18）preserves（保留）原義；（19）proficiency（熟練）指語(yǔ)言能力；（20）distill（提煉）文本精髓。二、翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（一）英漢筆譯參考譯文：翻譯是一場(chǎng)共情的實(shí)踐。要將文本從一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種，譯者首先需代入原作者的思維，不僅理解字面詞句，更要領(lǐng)悟其下的情感、文化預(yù)設(shè)與未明說(shuō)的意圖。這一點(diǎn)在文學(xué)翻譯中尤為顯著——一行文字的美感往往源于其模糊性、韻律或?qū)餐幕洃浀陌抵浮Ｒ苑g俳句這一典型日本詩(shī)歌形式的挑戰(zhàn)為例。俳句的力量源于其簡(jiǎn)潔（通常17音節(jié)，分三行）及“季語(yǔ)”的使用——這些季節(jié)參照將詩(shī)歌錨定于特定時(shí)令。翻譯俳句不僅要捕捉意象，更需以能引起不熟悉日本季節(jié)讀者共鳴的方式傳遞“季語(yǔ)”。一首關(guān)于“梅雨”（初夏雨季）的俳句，若譯為“初夏的雨”，便丟失了“梅雨”的微妙：它不僅指降水，更喚起潮濕的空氣、繡球花的綻放，以及那個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)特有的憂(yōu)郁感。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，翻譯不僅是信息的傳遞，更是文化的傳承。它要求譯者既是學(xué)者（剖析意義的層次），又是藝術(shù)家（將這些層次重組為能打動(dòng)新讀者的新作）。（二）漢英筆譯參考譯文：Translationhasneverbeenasimplelinguisticconversion,butratheradecodingandrewritingofculturalDNA.WhentranslatingDuFu’sline“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”intoEnglish,wearenotmerelydealingwithwordslike“moon,”“hometown,”and“bright,”butconveyingaprofoundattachmenttoone’snativeland—asentimentthattranscendslanguageyetisdeeplyrootedinthetraditionalChineseimageryofthe“moon.”From“Themoonrises,sobright”inTheBookofSongsto“Whenwillthebrightmoonappear?”bySuShi,the“moon”inChineseliteratureisnotjustanaturalscene,butacarrierofemotionsandasymboloflonging.Whattranslatorsneedtodoisnotonlyfindtheequivalent“moon”fortheChinesecharacter,butalsoletEnglishreadersfeeltheculturalweightthe“moon”bearsinChinese.Forinstance,aliteraltranslationlike“Themoonisbrighterinmyhometown”isgrammaticallycorrectbutlosestheemotionalbondbetween“hometown”and“moon”intheoriginal.Amoreappropriaterenderingmightbe“Themoon,Isee,shinesbrighterstillo’ermyoldhome”—byemphasizingthelocationwith“o’ermyoldhome”andaddingthemodal“still,”itallowsEnglishreaderstofaintlygraspthesubjectivesentimentthat“themoonoverone’shometownshinesbrighter.”Thisisthecharmoftranslation:itenablesdifferentculturestoseeeachotherthroughlinguisticcollisions,and