Words

And

Expressions

Unit

4

人教版必修一詞匯講解disaster/d??zɑ?st?(r)/n.災難；災害disastrousadj.災難性的；毀滅性的naturaldisaster自然災害surviveadisaster從災難中幸存sufferadisaster遭遇災難preventadisaster預防災難A

naturaldisaster

candestroythousandsofhomesinamoment.一場自然災害能在頃刻間摧毀成千上萬的房屋。Withoutproperpreparation,thesportsmeetingwillbea

disaster.沒有充分的準備，這場運動會將會是一場慘敗。Thefirewasatotal

disaster,butluckilynoonewasinjured.這場火災是一場徹頭徹尾的災難，但幸運的是無人受傷。tornado/t???ne?d??/n.龍卷風；旋風復數(shù)形式：tornadoes/tornadosdestructivetornado破壞性強的龍卷風powerfultornado威力大的龍卷風hitbyatornado遭受龍卷風襲擊Aviolent

tornado

hitthetownlastnight.一場強烈的龍卷風昨晚襲擊了這座小鎮(zhèn)。The

tornado

destroyedallthehousesinitspath.龍卷風摧毀了其行進路徑上的所有房屋。Tornadoesareoneofthemostdangerousnaturaldisasters.龍卷風是最危險的自然災害之一。drought/dra?t/n.旱災；久旱sufferfromadrought遭受旱災relieveadrought緩解旱情severedrought嚴重干旱Asevere

drought

hitthearealastsummer翻譯：去年夏天，一場嚴重的旱災襲擊了該地區(qū)。Drought

isoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisastersinthiscountry.

翻譯：旱災是這個國家最常見的自然災害之一。Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestohelpfarmersdealwiththe

droughtdisaster.

翻譯：政府已經(jīng)采取措施幫助農(nóng)民應對旱災。Scientistspredictthatclimatechangewillleadtomorefrequent

droughts

insomeregions.翻譯：科學家預測，氣候變化將導致部分地區(qū)旱災更加頻繁。landslide/?l?ndsla?d/n.崩塌；滑坡massivelandslide大規(guī)模滑坡Aheavyraincauseda

landslide

onthemountainroad.

翻譯：一場大雨導致了山路上的滑坡。Landslides

oftenhappenafterheavystormsinmountainareas.

翻譯：山區(qū)的暴雨過后經(jīng)常會發(fā)生滑坡。slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑動slide/sla?d/-slid/sl?d/-slid/sl?d/-sliding/?sla?d??/sliponthewetfloor（意外）在濕地板上滑倒Slidern.滑動器；滑行的人/物Thesnake

slid

intothegrassquietly.

翻譯：那條蛇悄悄地溜進了草叢里。tsunami/tsu??nɑ?mi/n.海嘯Astrongearthquakecauseda

tsunami

intheIndianOcean.

翻譯：一場強烈的地震在印度洋引發(fā)了海嘯。Tsunamis

cantravelthousandsofkilometersacrosstheocean.

翻譯：海嘯可以在海洋中傳播數(shù)千公里。floodn.洪水；大量

vi.淹沒；大量涌入

vt.使灌滿水；淹沒afloodof大量的……floodinto涌入floodthemarket充斥市場A

flood

oftouristscametothetowninsummer.（n.大量）

翻譯：夏天，大量游客涌入了這座小鎮(zhèn)。Cheapproducts

flooded

themarket,leadingtoadropinprices.

翻譯：廉價商品充斥市場，導致了物價下跌。Whensheheardthegoodnews,

afloodof

tearsrolleddownhercheeks.翻譯：聽到這個好消息時，她熱淚盈眶。Memoriesofherchildhoodcamebacktoher,bringingafloodofmixedfeelings.翻譯：童年的回憶涌上心頭，讓她百感交集。volcaniceruption火山噴發(fā)

volcano

/v?l?ke?n??/火山volcanoes/volcanosvolcanicadjErupt

/??r?pt/（火山）噴發(fā)；（巖漿、氣體等）噴出eruption

/??r?p?n/n.噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)A

volcaniceruption

forcedallthevillagerstoevacuatequickly.

翻譯：一次火山噴發(fā)迫使所有村民迅速撤離。Scientistshavebeenmonitoringthevolcanocloselytowarnpeopleofanypossible

volcaniceruption.

翻譯：科學家們一直在密切監(jiān)測這座火山，以便提醒人們防范任何可能發(fā)生的火山噴發(fā)。magnitude/?m?ɡn?tju?d/n.震級；重大magnitude：側(cè)重“規(guī)模、量級”，尤指自然現(xiàn)象強度或事物重要程度importance：泛指“重要性”，使用范圍更廣（可用于人、事、物）Theearthquakeofmagnitude6.8causedgreatdamage.6.8級地震造成了巨大破壞。Thetaskisofgreatmagnitudeandrequirescarefulplanning.這項任務極為重要，需要周密計劃。rescue/?reskju?/n.&vt.營救；救援rescuesb.fromsth./sb.（從……中營救某人）inrescueof（為營救……）carryoutarescue（實施營救）消防員從著火的大樓里救出了三個孩子。Thefirefightersrescuedthreechildrenfromtheburningbuilding.Arescueteamarrivedatthescenewithin10minutes.救援隊10分鐘內(nèi)趕到了現(xiàn)場。damagevt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失damages（復數(shù)形式）：法律上的“賠償金”damagesth.（損害某物）damagesb.’sreputation/health（損害某人的名譽/健康）seriously/severelydamage（嚴重損害）dodamagetosth.（對某物造成損害）physical/economic/environmentaldamage（物質(zhì)/經(jīng)濟/環(huán)境損失）暴風雨損壞了村里數(shù)百所房屋。Thestormdamagedhundredsofhousesinthevillage.Thecompanysufferedheavyeconomicdamagefromthecrisis.這家公司因危機遭受了嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失。destroy/d??str??/vt.摧毀；毀滅destroyacity/village（摧毀城市/村莊）destroyhopes/dreams/confidence（摧毀希望/夢想/信心）destroyrelationships/trust（破壞關系/信任）Hiscarelessmistakedestroyedallhishopesofsuccess.他的粗心錯誤摧毀了他所有的成功希望。Thebigfiredestroyedtheancienttemple.大火燒毀了那座古老的寺廟。evacuate/??v?kjue?t/vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離evacuatesb.fromsp.（從某地疏散/撤出某人）evacuatesafely（安全撤離）evacuatefromsp.（從某地撤離）Allstudentswereevacuatedtoasafeplaceafterthefirealarmwentoff.火警響起后，所有學生都被疏散到了安全地點。Theyhadtoevacuatefromtheirhomesbecauseofthewildfire.由于野火，他們不得不從家中撤離。helicopter/?hel?k?pt?(r)/n.直升機takeahelicopter（乘坐直升機）helicoptercrash（直升機墜毀）Therescueteamarrivedatthescenebyhelicopter.（救援隊乘直升機抵達現(xiàn)場。）Theyusedahelicoptertoevacuatetheinjuredhikers.（他們用直升機撤離了受傷的徒步旅行者。）death/deθ/n.死；死亡die的名詞形式（die→death）causesb.'sdeath（導致某人死亡）resultindeath（導致死亡）thedeathofsb./sth.（某人/某物的死亡/消亡）accidentaldeath（意外死亡）Smokingcanleadtoseriousillnessandevendeath.（吸煙會導致重病甚至死亡。）Hesavedthechildattheriskofhisowndeath.（他冒著生命危險救了那個孩子。）Thedeathoftraditionalcraftsisagreatloss.（傳統(tǒng)工藝的消亡是一大損失。）affect/??fekt/vt.影響；（疾?。┣忠u；深深打動affectsth.negatively/positively（對某物產(chǎn)生負面/正面影響）beaffectedby（受……影響）affectone’smood/health/decision（影響某人的情緒/健康/決定）beaffectedwithadisease（感染某種疾?。┱f出句子中affect的含義：Theeconomiccrisishasaffectedtheemploymentrateofyoungpeopleinmanycountries.影響Theseriousfluaffectedhundredsofstudentsintheschool,leadingtotheclosureofsomeclasses.（疾病）侵襲Shewasdeeplyaffectedbytheselflessspiritofthevolunteerswhenshewatchedthedocumentary.深深打動Long-termstresscanaffectaperson’ssleepqualityandmentalhealth.影響shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所；庇護

vt.保護；掩蔽vi.躲避辨析句子中單詞含義

1.Aftertheflood,thelocalgovernmentsetuptemporarysheltersforthehomelessfamilies.n.避難處2.Thethicktreesshelteredthevillagersfromtheheavyrainandstrongwind.vt.保護；掩蔽3.Theyhadtoshelterinacavewhenthestormsuddenlyhitthemountainarea.vi.躲避4.Theoldmanfoundshelterinasmallwoodenhouseduringthesnowstorm.n.居所；庇護處crack/kr?k/n.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.（使）破裂acrackinsth.（某物上的裂紋/裂縫）crackavase/window（打碎花瓶/窗戶）廚房窗戶上有一條小裂縫There’sasmallcrackinthekitchenwindow.asif似乎；好像；仿佛引導方式狀語從句或表語從句例句場景從句動詞形式Sheactsasifshekneweverything.

（她表現(xiàn)得好像什么都知道似的?！鷮嶋H不知道）與現(xiàn)在事實不符過去式（be動詞用were）HetalkedasifhehadbeentoMars.

（他說得好像去過火星一樣?！鷮嶋H沒去過）與過去事實不符had+過去分詞Itlooksasifitmightrainthisevening.

（看起來今晚好像要下雨?！淮_定）與將來事實不符would/could/might+動詞原形Itseemsasifheisill.

（他看起來好像病了?！赡苷娴纳。╆愂稣鎸嵡闆r（表推測）一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在進行時ruin/?ru??n/n.&vt.破壞；毀壞inruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪ruin：泛指“破壞”具體或抽象事物，強調(diào)毀壞后的狀態(tài)。destroy：強調(diào)徹底、毀滅性的破壞，難以修復，多用于具體事物。damage：多指局部的、可修復的損壞。Thevillagelayinruinsaftertheearthquake.形容具體事物Hisplanwasinruinsbecauseofthesuddenaccident.比喻抽象事物percent/p??sent/n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百的percent：強調(diào)具體比例，與數(shù)字連用percentage：名詞，意為“百分比、百分率”，onehundredpercent

百分之百；完全increaseby...percent

增長百分之……decreaseby...percent

減少百分之……brick/br?k/n.磚；磚塊abrickwall

磚墻toybricks

積木Thelittleboyspenthoursplayingwithhistoy

bricks.Shedroppeda

brick

whenshementionedhisex-girlfriendintheconversation.dropabrick

（口語）失言；說錯話metal/?metl/n.金屬heavymetal重金屬metalproducts金屬制品metalindustry金屬工業(yè)Themachineismadeofmetal.表泛指“金屬”（不可數(shù)）

Goldandsilverarepreciousmetals.表具體“某種金屬”（可數(shù)）shock/??k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）震驚inshock震驚；吃驚shocked

adj.感到震驚的（主語為人）shocking

adj.令人震驚的（主語為事物）shocksb.beshockedatbeshockedbysth.某人很震驚Afterhearingtheresult,shejuststoodthereinshock.

表“情緒上的震驚”Thevictimwasfoundlyingonthegroundinshock.表“醫(yī)學上的休克”electricity/??lek?tr?s?ti/n.電；電能electric

adj.電動的electrical

adj.與電有關的electrician

n.電工；電氣技師produce/generateelectricity

發(fā)電supplyelectricity

供電cutoffelectricity

切斷電源saveelectricity

節(jié)約用電electricitysupply

電力供應electricitybill

電費賬單Electricityplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife.Thesmallvillagehasnoaccesstoelectricity.trap/tr?p/vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱過去式/過去分詞：trapped；現(xiàn)在分詞：trappingThepolicerealizeditwasa

trap

setbythecriminalsassoonastheyenteredthebuilding.()

③Theexplorerfellintoahiddentrapandcouldn’tclimbouteasily.()②Manyyoungpeoplegetintoafinancialtrapbecauseofoverspendingwithcreditcards.()①ShewarnedherfriendnottofallintothetrapofbelievingeverythingontheInternet.()③選擇trap的正確詞義（①險境；困境②陷阱；捕捉器③（誘騙他人的）圈套），將序號填在括號內(nèi)。bury/?beri/vt.埋葬；安葬引申義：①隱藏；埋藏②埋頭于；專心于過去式/過去分詞

buried；現(xiàn)在分詞

buryingburythedead埋葬死者buryone'sheadinthesand逃避現(xiàn)實；掩耳盜鈴beburiedalive被活埋；忙得不可開交buryoneselfinsth./buryoneselfindoingsth.=devoteoneselftosth./focusondoingsth.Sheburiedhersecretinherheartformanyyears.她把這個秘密藏在心里很多年了。Thescientistburiedhimselfintheresearchandignoredtheoutsideworld.這位科學家全身心投入研究，忽略了外界的一切。專心于，致力于concentrateondoingfocusondoingburyoneselfin=beburiedindoingbeabsorbedindoing

belostindoingdevoteoneselfto=bedevotedtodoingbreathe/bri?e/vi.&vt.呼吸

breath

名詞breathein

吸氣breatheout

呼氣breathefreely/easily

呼吸順暢breathelifeintosth.

給……注入活力breatheasighofrelief

松了一口氣Thenewmanagerbreathedlifeintothestrugglingcompany.

新經(jīng)理給這家岌岌可危的公司注入了活力。Webreathedasighofreliefwhenweheardthegoodnews.

聽到好消息時，我們松了一口氣。revive/r??va?v/vt.&vi.復活；（使）蘇醒revival/r??va?vl/n.振興；復蘇revivetheeconomy振興經(jīng)濟economicrevival經(jīng)濟復蘇culturalrevival文化復興Thegovernmentistryingtorevivethedecliningindustry.政府正試圖振興這個日漸衰落的行業(yè)。Wearewitnessingarevivaloftraditionalcrafts.我們正見證傳統(tǒng)手工藝的復興。動詞變名詞survive----survivaln.幸存；生還revive----revivaln.振興；復蘇arrive----arrivaln.到達propose----proposaln.提議，建議approve-----approvaln.批準，認可effort/?ef?t/n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力做某事puteffortintosth.在某事上付出努力witheffort費力地；艱難地withouteffort

毫不費力地Thegovernmenttookmeasures

inaneffortto

reducepollution.inanefforttodosth.

為了做某事Youshould

makeaneffortto

improveyourpronunciation.tryone'sbesttodosth.

unify/?ju?n?fa?/vi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；（使）成一體unification

/?ju?n?f??ke??n/n.統(tǒng)一；聯(lián)合unified

/?ju?n?fa?d/adj.統(tǒng)一的；一致的unifyacountry/nation統(tǒng)一國家unifystandards/rules統(tǒng)一標準/規(guī)則unifyopinions/views統(tǒng)一意見/觀點unify...into...把……統(tǒng)一成……Theleader’sgoalwastounifythecountryafterthewar.這位領導人的目標是在戰(zhàn)后實現(xiàn)國家統(tǒng)一。Weneedtounifyouropinionsbeforethemeetingstarts.我們需要在會議開始前統(tǒng)一意見。wisdom/?w?zd?m/n.智慧；才智wise

adj.明智的；有智慧的wisely

adv.明智地；聰明地

thewisdomof...

……的智慧/明智之處commonwisdom

普遍共識；常識性看法Theoldmansharedhiswisdomwiththeyounggeneration.這位老人把自己的智慧分享給了年輕一代。Commonwisdomsaysthathardworkleadstosuccess.人們普遍認為，努力就會成功。context/?k?ntekst/n.上下文；語境；背景inthecontextof

在……的語境中fromthecontext

從上下文來看inthehistoricalcontext

在歷史背景下inthesocialcontext

在社會環(huán)境中Youcanguessthemeaningofthenewwordfromthecontext你可以通過上下文猜測這個生詞的含義。Thebookprovidesaclearcontextforunderstandingculturaldifferences這本書為理解文化差異提供了清晰的背景。suffer/?s?f?(r)/vi./vt.受苦；遭受；經(jīng)歷名詞：suffering（痛苦；苦難）sufferfromacold（患感冒）sufferfromheartdisease（患有心臟?。﹕ufferfromloneliness（飽受孤獨之苦）sufferfromstress（承受壓力）sufferpain（承受痛苦）sufferanaccident（遭遇事故）Hesufferedaseriousinjuryinthecarcrash.他在車禍中受了重傷。Thepeoplesufferedalotduringthewar.人們在戰(zhàn)爭中損失慘重supply/s??pla?/n./vt.供應量；補給；[pl.]補給品；供應；供給Provide/offer/supplysb.withsth.Provide/offer/supplysth.tosb.provide是普通性提供offer側(cè)重主動自愿supply是長期穩(wěn)定提供Thegovernmentpromisedtosupplythehomelesspeople______foodandtents.withFreshwaterandmedical______(supply)weresenttotheflood-strickenareaimmediately.suppliesDuetothebadweather,thesupply______gasolineinthisregionhasbeencutofftemporarily.oftyphoon/ta??fu?n/n.臺風hit/strikeatyphoon

遭遇臺風asevere/strongtyphoon

強臺風hurricane颶風/?h?r?k?n/n.storm暴風雨臺風通常會帶來暴雨和強風。Typhoonsoftenbringheavyrainandstrongwinds.當?shù)卣褳榧磳⒌絹淼呐_風做好了準備。Thelocalgovernmenthasmadepreparationsforthecomingtyphoon.survive/s??va?v/vi./vt.幸存；活下來；挺過survive+accident,disaster,fire,illness

幸存于survivor

/s??va?v?(r)/n.幸存者；生還者survival

/s??va?vl/n.生存；幸存；殘存物

survivesb.(by+時間段)比某人活得久他比妻子多活了十年Hesurvivedhiswifebytenyears.她去年在一場嚴重的車禍中幸存下來。Shesurvivedaseriouscarcrashlastyearpower/?pa??(r)/n./vt.電力；權力；力量；供電；驅(qū)動powercut

停電powersupply

供電cometopower

掌權powerthedevelopment

推動發(fā)展將句子中power的詞義與選項對應）A.電力B.權力C.力量D.強國E.驅(qū)動Thepoweroflovecanhealabrokenheart.Thisnewbatterycanpoweryourphonefor3days.Thegovernmentinpowerhasmadeaseriesofnewpolicies.JapanisaneconomicpowerinAsia.Weneedtosavepowerbyturningofflightswhenleaving.EBDACtap/t?p/n./vi./vt.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲；輕拍turnon/offthetap（打開/關上水龍頭）tapat/onsth.（輕叩某物）givesb./sth.atap（輕拍某人/某物）Igavehimatapontheshouldertogethisattention.（我輕輕拍了拍他的肩膀提醒他。）Theteachertappedthedesktoquietthestudents.（老師輕敲桌子讓學生們安靜下來。）pipe/pa?p/n.管子；管道waterpipe水管gaspipe燃氣管oilpipe輸油管Workersarelayingnewpipestoimprovethecity'swatersupplysystem.（工人們正在鋪設新管道，完善城市供水系統(tǒng)。）Sheplaysthepipeverywellandoftenperformsintheschoolband.管樂器”（如長笛、單簧管等）whistle/?w?sl/n./vi./vt.哨子；呼嘯聲；吹口哨；呼嘯blowawhistle（吹哨）thewhistleofthewind（風的呼嘯聲）The

whistle

ofthetraincouldbeheardinthedistance（遠處傳來了火車的鳴笛聲。）Thekettle

whistled

whenthewaterboiled（水燒開時，水壺發(fā)出了鳴笛聲。）emergency/i?m??d??nsi/n./adj.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況；緊急的emergencysupplies應急物資emergencyexit緊急出口emergencyservices應急救援

Hewassenttotheemergencyroomafterthecaraccident.Weshouldkeepsomeemergencysuppliesathome,suchasflashlightsandwater.Thecompanyheldanemergencymeetingtodiscussthecrisis.Pleaserememberthelocationoftheemergencyexitbeforetakingtheplane.calm/kɑ?m/adj./vt./vi.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的；使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜calmsea（平靜的海面）calmweather（晴朗無風的天氣）calmdown（平靜下來）calm知識點專項練習題Whenfacingdanger,itisimportant

______(keep)calm

andthinkofawayout.Themothertriedherbest

______(calm)hercryingbabydown

bysingingalullaby.Afterthestorm,theseabecameas

______(calm)

asamirror.tokeeptocalmcalmaid/e?d/n./vi./vt.援助；幫助；救援物資；幫助；援助inaidof

為了幫助……（表目的）withtheaidof

在……的幫助下cometoone’said

前來援助某人medicalaids

醫(yī)療援助物資專項練習題Thelocalgovernmentprovidedfoodandclothingas______(aid)forthefloodvictims.Withtheaid______moderntechnology,wecancommunicatewithpeopleanywhere.Agroupofdoctorsandnurseswenttothepoorareatoaid______medicalwork.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnbasic______(firstaid)skillstosavelives.aidofinfirstaidkit/k?t/n.成套工具；成套設備firstaidkit短語急救箱Weneeda

first-aidkit

incaseofemergencies（我們需要一個急救箱以備不時之需。）Myfatherboughtanew

carrepairkit

tofixsmallproblemswithourcarHikersshouldcarrya

survivalkit

includingacompass,aflashlightandsomefoodThis

drawingkit

containspencils,erasers,andwatercolorpaints.onhand短語現(xiàn)有；在手邊athand時間臨近inhand正在處理中onthespot在現(xiàn)場Keepadictionary

athand

whileyou’rereading.

Severaldoctorswere

inattendance

attheconference.crash/kr??/vt./vi./n.碰撞；撞擊；撞車；碰撞事故crashintosth.撞上某物crashagainststh.撞擊某物Atruck

crashedinto

atreebytheroadyesterday.（昨天一輛卡車撞上了路邊的樹。）Theplanecrashedinthemountains,andnoonesurvived.（飛機在山區(qū)墜毀，無人生還。）sweepaway短語沖走；掃除感知短語的用法Theflood

sweptaway

severalhousesinthevillage.Manytreeswere

sweptaway

bythestrongtyphoon.Becareful—thefast-movingrivercould

sweepyouaway.She

sweptaway

thefallenleavesintheyard.Thegoodnews

sweptaway

allourworries.wave/we?v/n./vi./vt.波浪；揮手；揮動；波動感知用法Thechildrenareplayinginthewavesonthebeach.Ahugewavecrashedagainsttheshoreandsoakedourclothes.Shegavemeawaveasshegotonthebus.IrespondedwithawavewhenIsawmyfriendacrossthestreet.Awaveofexcitementsweptthroughthecrowdwhenthestarappeared.Thenewpolicycausedawaveofprotestsacrossthecountry.Thestockpriceshavebeenwavingupanddownthisweek（明星出現(xiàn)時，一陣興奮的浪潮席卷了人群。）（這項新政策在全國引發(fā)了一陣抗議浪潮。）（本周股票價格一直起伏波動。）strike/stra?k/vt./vi./n.襲擊；擊打；罷工；襲擊；罷工過去式：struck過去分詞：struck

/

stricken（后者多用于抽象或被動語境）現(xiàn)在分詞：strikingAseveretyphoon

struck

lastnight,causinggreatdamage.Theenemy

struck

thevillageatdawn.Theareawas

struckby

anearthquakelastmonth.He

struck

thetableangrilywithhisfist.Theship

struckagainst

arockandsankslowly.Theworkers

struckfor

betterworkingconditions.Theworkersareplanninga

strike

nextweek.It

struck

methatIhadleftmykeysatschool.

Itstrikessb.that...（某人突然想到……They

struckup

aconversationonthetrain.他們在火車上聊了起來。deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vt./vi.遞送；傳達；發(fā)表；分娩deliverapackage/letter/parcel投遞包裹/信件deliveramessage/information傳達信息deliverone’sthanks/apology轉(zhuǎn)達謝意/歉意deliveraspeech/lecture/address發(fā)表演講/發(fā)表演說Thepresident

delivered

animportantspeechonnationalTVyesterday.Theprofessorwill

deliver

alectureonenvironmentalprotectionnextwe