初中語法專題講解及練習(xí)---時態(tài)時態(tài)，作為英語語法的基石，是我們理解和運(yùn)用英語表達(dá)時間概念的核心。對于初中生而言，掌握基本時態(tài)不僅是應(yīng)對考試的關(guān)鍵，更是構(gòu)建清晰英語思維的基礎(chǔ)。本專題將帶你系統(tǒng)梳理初中階段必備的幾種時態(tài)，剖析其用法，輔以針對性練習(xí)，助你攻克時態(tài)難關(guān)，讓你的英語表達(dá)更加準(zhǔn)確、地道。一、引言：什么是時態(tài)？簡單來說，時態(tài)（Tense）是動詞的一種形式，表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時間主要分為“現(xiàn)在”、“過去”和“將來”，而動作的狀態(tài)則有“一般”、“進(jìn)行”、“完成”等。不同的時間與狀態(tài)組合，就構(gòu)成了我們所學(xué)習(xí)的各種時態(tài)。理解時態(tài)，首先要抓住“時間”和“狀態(tài)”這兩個核心維度。二、核心時態(tài)講解與練習(xí)（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(SimplePresentTense)1.基本概念與用法：一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于表示：*經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：我每天早上七點起床。*客觀事實、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象。例如：地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。*在時間、條件狀語從句中，表示將來的動作。（“主將從現(xiàn)”原則）例如：如果明天天氣好，我們就去公園。2.構(gòu)成方式：*主語為第一、二人稱（I,you）及復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞（we,they,students）時：*肯定句：動詞原形。(be動詞用am,are)*Ilikeapples.Theyarehappy.*否定句：don't+動詞原形。(be動詞后加not)*Idon'tlikepears.Theyarenot(aren't)sad.*疑問句：Do+主語+動詞原形？(be動詞提前)*Doyoulikebananas?Aretheystudents?*主語為第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,Tom,thebook）時：*肯定句：動詞后加-s或-es(具體規(guī)則見動詞變化表)。(be動詞用is)*Helikesapples.Shestudieshard.Itisacat.*否定句：doesn't+動詞原形。(be動詞后加not)*Hedoesn'tlikepears.Itisnot(isn't)adog.*疑問句：Does+主語+動詞原形？(be動詞提前)*Doesshestudyhard?Isitacat?3.常用時間狀語：often,usually,always,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year,onSundays,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,onceaweek等。4.典型例句：*Sheoftengoestoschoolbybike.*Waterboilsat100degreesCelsius.*Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.【即學(xué)即練1】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myfatherusually______(read)newspapersafterdinner.2.They______(notlive)inthiscity.3.______yourmother______(cook)dinnereveryday?4.Thesun______(rise)intheeast.（二）一般過去時(SimplePastTense)1.基本概念與用法：一般過去時表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，這個動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束，與現(xiàn)在沒有直接聯(lián)系。例如：昨天我看了一部電影。他去年是一名學(xué)生。2.構(gòu)成方式：*規(guī)則動詞：在動詞原形后加-ed(具體變化規(guī)則：清輔音后讀/t/，濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，/t//d/后讀/id/)。*不規(guī)則動詞：需要特殊記憶其過去式（如go-went,eat-ate,see-saw,is/am-was,are-were）。*肯定句：主語+動詞過去式。*Iplayedfootballyesterday.Shewashappy.*否定句：主語+didn't+動詞原形。(be動詞后加not)*Ididn'tplaybasketball.Theywerenot(weren't)athome.*疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形？(be動詞提前)*DidyouwatchTVlastnight?Washelateforschool?3.常用時間狀語：yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening),thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/month/year,ago(threedaysago),in2008,justnow,then等。4.典型例句：*IvisitedmygrandparentslastSunday.*Shedidn'tfinishherhomeworkyesterday.*Wereyouatthepartylastnight?【即學(xué)即練2】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.He______(go)totheparkwithhisfriendsyesterday.2.They______(notwatch)TVlastnight.3.______you______(see)thefilmlastweek?4.Mymother______(cook)adeliciousmealforusyesterdayevening.（三）一般將來時(SimpleFutureTense)1.基本概念與用法：一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或計劃、打算做某事。例如：我明天要去北京。他將要成為一名醫(yī)生。2.構(gòu)成方式：*will/shall+動詞原形(shall通常用于第一人稱I,we，will可用于所有人稱，更常用)*肯定句：I/Weshall(will)go.He/She/It/You/Theywillgo.*否定句：willnot(won't)/shallnot(shan't)+動詞原形。*Iwon'tgothere.*疑問句：Will/Shall+主語+動詞原形？*begoingto+動詞原形(表示計劃、打算，或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生)*肯定句：主語+am/is/are+goingto+動詞原形。*Iamgoingtostudyhard.Itisgoingtorain(lookattheclouds).*否定句：主語+am/is/are+not+goingto+動詞原形。*Heisnotgoingtobuyanewcar.*疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+goingto+動詞原形？*Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?3.常用時間狀語：tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening),thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,in+一段時間(inthreedays),later,someday,fromnowon等。4.典型例句：*IwillvisitmyunclenextSunday.*Theyaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.*Willyouhelpme?*Itisgoingtosnowtonight.【即學(xué)即練3】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，或用"will"或"begoingto"填空。1.I______(visit)myauntnextmonth.(計劃)2.Lookattheblackclouds.It______(rain)soon.(跡象)3.They______(notgo)toschooltomorrow.It'sSunday.4.______you______(help)mewithmyEnglishthisevening?（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(PresentContinuousTense)1.基本概念與用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示此時此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行但說話時不一定正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如：我現(xiàn)在正在寫信。他們這個月正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。2.構(gòu)成方式：主語+am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)*肯定句：Iamreading.He/She/Itisreading.We/You/Theyarereading.*否定句：am/is/are+not+V-ing.*Iamnotreading.Theyaren'treading.*疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+V-ing?*Areyoureading?Isheplayingfootball?3.常用時間狀語：now,atthemoment,look,listen,thesedays等。4.動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則：*一般情況加-ing:work-working*以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加-ing:make-making*以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母加-ing:run-running,sit-sitting,swim-swimming*以ie結(jié)尾，變ie為y加-ing:lie-lying,die-dying5.典型例句：*Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.*Myfatherisworkinginhisofficenow.*Theyarestudyingfortheexamthesedays.*Whatareyoudoing?【即學(xué)即練4】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!Thechildren______(play)happilyinthepark.2.I______(notwatch)TVnow.I______(do)myhomework.3.______yourbrother______(listen)tomusicatthemoment?4.Sheoften______(read)books,butnowshe______(draw)apicture.（五）過去進(jìn)行時(PastContinuousTense)1.基本概念與用法：過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某個特定時間點或時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，或與when,while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用，描述一個動作發(fā)生時另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。例如：昨天晚上八點，我正在看電視。當(dāng)我到家時，媽媽正在做飯。2.構(gòu)成方式：主語+was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)*肯定句：I/He/She/Itwasworking.We/You/Theywereworking.*否定句：was/were+not+V-ing.*Iwasnot(wasn't)working.Theywerenot(weren't)working.*疑問句：Was/Were+主語+V-ing?*Washeplayingfootballthen?Weretheysinging?3.常用時間狀語：at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday,from7to9yesterdaymorning,when/while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等。4.典型例句：*Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatninelastnight.*Theywereplayingbasketballwhentheteachercame.*Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?【即學(xué)即練5】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Mymother______(cook)dinnerat6p.m.yesterday.2.They______(notplay)cardsat8o'clocklastnight.They______(watch)TV.3.WhileTom______(read)abook,hissister______(listen)tomusic.4.______you______(have)abathwhenthephonerang?（六）現(xiàn)在完成時(PresentPerfectTense)1.基本概念與用法：現(xiàn)在完成時是初中階段的難點，它主要表示：*過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果”）例如：我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒有作業(yè)了）*過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)”）例如：我在這里住了五年了。（從五年前開始，一直住到現(xiàn)在）2.構(gòu)成方式：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(V-ed)*肯定句：I/We/You/Theyhavefinished.He/She/Ithasfinished.*否定句：have/has+not+V-ed.(haven't/hasn't)*疑問句：Have/Has+主語+V-ed?*Haveyouseenthefilm?Hashearrived?3.常用時間狀語：already(肯定句),yet(否定句、疑問句),just,ever,never,before,recently,sofar,uptonow,for+時間段,since+時間點/從句(一般過去時)等。4.典型例句：*Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.(影響：現(xiàn)在可以玩了)*Shehaslivedheresince2000.(持續(xù)：從2000年住到現(xiàn)在)*HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?*Theyhaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime.【即學(xué)即練6】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并注意時間狀語的搭配。1.We______(learn)Englishforthreeyears.3.______you______(read)thisbookbefore?4.She______(notfinish)herhomeworkyet.Sheneedsmoretime.5.He______(live)inthiscitysincehe______(be)born.三、綜合實戰(zhàn)演練ExerciseA:選擇填空(Choosethebestanswer)1.Mybrotherusually______upearly,butyesterdayhe______uplate.A.get;getB.gets;gotC.got;getsD.gets;getted2.Listen!Someone______inthenextroom.A.singB.singsC.issingingD.sang3.We______apicnicifit______finetomorrow.A.willhave;isB.have;willbeC.willhave;willbeD.have;is4.I______TVwhenmymothercamebacklastnight.A.watchB.watchedC.waswatchingD.amwatching5.He______inthisschoolforfiveyears.Helikesitverymuch.A.studiesB.studiedC.willstudyD.hasstudiedExerciseB:用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(Fillintheblanks