1、中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,從句的中考總結(jié),第一部分：如何判斷三種從句,第二部分：從句的時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié),從句與時(shí)態(tài),定語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)完全根據(jù)具體時(shí)間要求 I meet a friend who I made in Shanghai. It is the right book that I have looked for.,賓語(yǔ)從句,主句現(xiàn)在類(lèi)，從句無(wú)要求； 主句過(guò)去類(lèi)；從句過(guò)去類(lèi),I knew what he was. I know what he was. I know what he is.,時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)類(lèi)型：,都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)類(lèi)型：,一前一后出現(xiàn)類(lèi)型：,前引：根據(jù)主從句的三種時(shí)間關(guān)系，分為主

2、從句同時(shí)發(fā)生、主從句都沒(méi)有發(fā)生、主從句一前一后發(fā)生三類(lèi)句型， 每種句型分別對(duì)應(yīng)獨(dú)特的句式,三類(lèi)時(shí)間,1、主從句同時(shí)發(fā)生,2、主從句都沒(méi)有發(fā)生,3、主從句一前一后發(fā)生,What were you doing when the UFO arrived?,What are you doing when the UFO arrives?,I would leave if he came.,I will leave if he comes.,The train had been away when I arrived.,過(guò)去配過(guò)去,過(guò)去配過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在配現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在配現(xiàn)在,前引：根據(jù)主從句的三種時(shí)間關(guān)系，分為

3、主 從句同時(shí)發(fā)生、主從句都沒(méi)有發(fā)生、主從句一前一后發(fā)生三類(lèi)句型， 每種句型分別對(duì)應(yīng)獨(dú)特的句式,三類(lèi)時(shí)間,1、主從句同時(shí)發(fā)生,2、主從句都沒(méi)有發(fā)生,3、主從句一前一后發(fā)生,過(guò)去類(lèi)：.過(guò)去進(jìn)行 when 一般過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在類(lèi)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 when 一般現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去類(lèi)：過(guò)去將來(lái) when 一般過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在類(lèi)：一般將來(lái)when 一般現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去完成 when 一般過(guò)去,You are copying when I teach You were copying when I taught I will leave as soon as he arrives I would leave as soon as he a

4、rrived The train had left before I arrived at the station After the train had left, I arrived,第三部分：連接詞總結(jié),1、as,1、因?yàn)?可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 (because/ since/ for/ as都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句) 例:As he wasnt well, I went there along.因?yàn)樗皇娣?我自己去那兒了. 2、conj 同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào) “一邊一邊”, 可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(as/ when / while 的詳細(xì)區(qū)別,見(jiàn) when的講解) 例:He song as he went

5、 alone.他邊走邊唱. 3、as soon as.一就,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 例: He got on the train as soon as he got to the station.他一到車(chē)站就登上了火車(chē). 4、asas和一樣 例:He is as tall as his father. 他和他的爸爸一樣高 5、as if就象,常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣.例: She looks as if she were drunk.她看上去好象喝醉了.,if,是否-whether （賓語(yǔ)從句）,He wondered if the girl would appear.,如果,可能發(fā)生 （主將從現(xiàn)）,不可能發(fā)

6、生 （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）,I will tell you if you visit me.,I would study hard if I were you.,even if =though=although=even though即使,連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 例: He improves himself in English little even if he studies hard.即使他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,英語(yǔ)仍少見(jiàn)提高 as if 虛擬語(yǔ)氣連接詞.好像,活似 例: The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.這個(gè)老人跑得很快好像是個(gè)年輕人一樣(

7、as if引導(dǎo)的特殊虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 主句正常時(shí)態(tài) as if+ 主+過(guò)去時(shí)/were),題: You will do much better _ you are more careful with your spelling. A if B before C although D unless 題:Come and join us, Jimmy! - I am sorry, but I am really busy now. if I _ time, I would certainly go. A. will have B. have had C. had D. have 解析:如果我現(xiàn)在有時(shí)間,

8、我一定去,(表明我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間,和現(xiàn)在相反,現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣),3、what,講解:1)特殊疑問(wèn)詞-例:What is he? 他是干什么的？ 2)連接賓語(yǔ)從句-例: I believed what he told me 我相信他告訴我的事(引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)。 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know what to do. 我不知道該做什么。 4)引導(dǎo)感嘆詞, 句型: what +n +陳述句!- how+形容詞+陳述句! 例:What a beautiful girl she is! 她真是個(gè)漂亮女孩！-How beautiful she is!,4.when(adv)何時(shí)，什么時(shí)候；當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

9、時(shí)候 (conj)當(dāng)時(shí),講解:1)特殊疑問(wèn)詞-例: When did you come here? 你什么時(shí)候來(lái)的？ 2)連接賓語(yǔ)從句-例: I dont know when the plane takes off.我不知道飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛 3)連動(dòng)詞不定式-例:I dont know when to leave for London. 我不知道何時(shí)動(dòng)身去倫敦 4)連接狀語(yǔ)從句-注意三類(lèi)從句,注意主從句發(fā)生時(shí)間和相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)(必考內(nèi)容!例句背) 5)連接定語(yǔ)從句 例:It happened on the day when we began our new term. 事情發(fā)生在新學(xué)期的第一天,5.

10、whether(conj)是否,講解：whether是連詞，有兩個(gè)意思,分別引到不同的從句 1)表示是否引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句=if 例:I dont know whether he will come. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái) 2) 表示是否-引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定式(此時(shí)if不能這樣用) 例: She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 她還沒(méi)決定去還是不去。 3)表示:不管，無(wú)論-引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句(易忘記) 例:Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. 你必須做這件事，不管你喜不喜歡 區(qū)別if - whether 一:表示是

11、否連接賓語(yǔ)從句,if=whether 二:表示是否連接不定式if不可以,whether可以 三:連接狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),if表如果whether表無(wú)論,6.which(adj)哪一個(gè)，哪些 (pron)誰(shuí)，哪一個(gè)，哪些；,講解:1)特殊疑問(wèn)詞-例: Which came first, the chicken or the egg?哪個(gè)先產(chǎn)生，雞還是蛋？ 2)連接賓語(yǔ)從句-例: I dont know which came first 我不知道哪個(gè)先來(lái) 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know which to be chosen . 我不知道該做選哪個(gè)。 4)連接定語(yǔ)從句,指代物(定語(yǔ)從句中用whi

12、ch 代替what) 例:I like the book which you bought for me.我喜歡這本你為我買(mǎi)的書(shū) 5)作形容詞，哪一個(gè)，哪一些。 例:Which foreign language are you studying? 你在學(xué)哪種外語(yǔ)。,7.while(conj)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；然而，雖然 (n)時(shí)間，短時(shí)間,1)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。Be ving when 一般時(shí)- 一般時(shí) while be ving 例:The phone rang while I was washing my hair. 電話(huà)響的時(shí)候我正在洗頭 例:The phone was ringing when I w

13、ashed my hair. 電話(huà)響的時(shí)候我正在洗頭 2)雖然，盡管。 例:While he was respected, he was not liked. 他雖然受到尊敬，但沒(méi)有受到喜愛(ài)。 3)表示對(duì)比，而，然而。While只能連接從句-but不能連接從句 例:He is a doctor while I am a teacher. 他是個(gè)醫(yī)生而我是老師 4)while作名詞是表示一段時(shí)間，常用詞組: for a while 例:It takes a while to repair the bike.,8.who誰(shuí)-whom誰(shuí)-.whose,講解:who即可以作主語(yǔ),又可以作賓語(yǔ);而who

14、m只能做賓語(yǔ) 1)特殊疑問(wèn)詞-例: Who came first?誰(shuí)第一個(gè)來(lái)的?(不可替換,who做主語(yǔ)) 2)連接賓語(yǔ)從句-例:I dont know who/whom came first 我不知道誰(shuí)先來(lái)(可替換,who做賓語(yǔ)) 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know who to come first .我不知道誰(shuí)先來(lái)(不可替換,who做主語(yǔ)) 4)連接定語(yǔ)從句,指代人(可替代主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)) 例:I like the baby who sits before me.我喜歡這個(gè)坐在我前面的孩子(注意單數(shù),?？碱}) 例:I like the baby who you like too.我喜

15、歡你也喜歡的這個(gè)孩子(替代賓語(yǔ)),9 whose(pron,conj)誰(shuí)的,講解：:1)特殊疑問(wèn)詞-例: Whose pen is this? 這是誰(shuí)的筆。 2)連接賓語(yǔ)從句-例: I wonder whose house it is. 我想知道這是誰(shuí)的房子 3)連接定語(yǔ)從句,指代人、物。 例: This is the girl whose name is Mary. 這就是那個(gè)叫瑪麗的女孩。,第四部分：從句的題型運(yùn)用,1.Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and ab

16、road. A. where B. which C. who D. what 2.Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house he was born. A. that B. there C. which D. where 3.Can you tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where to Tom live C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C

17、. why D. how,5.May I sit nearer _I can see more clearly? A.as if B. so that C. even if D. so 6.Do you know _? A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to 7.Mary is always the first person puts up hands for the teachers questions. A. that B. he C

18、. whom D. which 8.Look at that lady name is Pochi. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that,9.I wonder _ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 10.This is the biggest ship Ive ever seen. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 11.That was the year I went to America. A. when B. where C. that D. which 12.This is the reason I came here. A. when B. that C. why D. which,13.Ask him _ . A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is wh