1、高三復(fù)習(xí)策略,福州教育學(xué)院 薛蓉,復(fù)習(xí)課 高考語法考點(diǎn) 單選復(fù)習(xí)策略,如何上好復(fù)習(xí)課,1. 定位 2. 深度和廣度 3. 教學(xué)方式 4. 示范課,語法,詞法 句法,單項(xiàng)選擇復(fù)習(xí)策略,考綱解讀,單項(xiàng)填空題是對(duì)考生的詞匯語法和理解的考查。每一個(gè)單項(xiàng)填空題都是一個(gè)完整的語言世界，各種語法穿插其中，對(duì)詞匯量的要求也逐漸提高。 分值：15分 教材：高考試題決不會(huì)依據(jù)某一種教材，而是依據(jù)考試大綱，考試大綱所規(guī)定的必須掌握的詞匯的用法及基本的語法知識(shí)。,命題趨向,1)近幾年高考單項(xiàng)填空題基本體現(xiàn)了“知識(shí)化，語境化和交際化”的特點(diǎn)，沒有出現(xiàn)以前所謂的偏怪難題。題干大部分比較靈活簡短，語境自然。這是第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

2、 We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,_? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we,C,命題趨向,2)考查點(diǎn)的覆蓋面越來越廣泛，但又做到了重點(diǎn)突出。這主要體現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句和非謂語動(dòng)詞的 考查及名詞和動(dòng)詞用法的考查上。 【例1】 Last week, only two people came to look at the house,_ want to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neit

3、her of whom,D,【例2】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched,命題傾向,3）試題的立意由簡單直接的“結(jié)構(gòu)立意”轉(zhuǎn)向復(fù)雜間接的“情景立意”。試題設(shè)置的語境明確，交際情景（對(duì)話形式占很大比例）多是發(fā)生在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)或日常生活的真實(shí)情況。 -Have you been was

4、ting time on computer games again? -_ . Ive been studying a lot and I need a break. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more.,- Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. - Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would ju

5、st think D. will just be thinking,命題傾向,4)題干變得較長，題干句的語義結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化，語言信息量越來越大，但是有效信息由外現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)為隱藏。這主要體現(xiàn)在非謂語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查上。 At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close,The bi

6、ggest problem for most plants, which _just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B cant C. neednt D. mustnt,命題傾向,5)語義辨析和語義識(shí)別題越來越多，不但加強(qiáng)了對(duì)語義的考查，而且加重對(duì)詞匯擴(kuò)展能力的考查。 I cant say which wine is best it is a(n) _of personal taste. A.affair B. event C. matter D. variety

7、Surely it doesnt matter where the student associations get their money from; what _ is what they do with it. A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions,趨勢(shì)分析,1） 純語法的試題會(huì)減少； 2）基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考查的覆蓋面會(huì)越來越廣； 3）語境會(huì)更加突出； 4）注重考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語能力及邏輯推理能力； 5）加大詞義辨析（特別是動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析）的考查。,應(yīng)試策略,1）做題時(shí)，要認(rèn)真研讀題目，尋找關(guān)鍵的信息詞、詞組或句子。切忌死摳語法條條框框

8、，要注意上下文的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干所提供的語境來確定最佳答案。 2）做題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)分析，正確理解，通過調(diào)整語序或簡化句子找到設(shè)問角度，弄清命題意圖。 3）做題時(shí)，要結(jié)合語境，注意慣用法和固定搭配，既要注意同義詞（組）間的語法差異，又要注意它們之間的意義差異。 4）做題時(shí)，要研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是隱含于信息中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)間信息。發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析這些信息是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。,解題思路,【辨析型單項(xiàng)填空】 【結(jié)構(gòu)型單項(xiàng)填空】 【搭配型單項(xiàng)填空】 【邏輯型單項(xiàng)填空】 【語境型單項(xiàng)填空】 【交際型單項(xiàng)填空】 【其它解題方法】,分類突破,【辨析型單項(xiàng)填空】： 辨析型單項(xiàng)填空題是指通過對(duì)試題選項(xiàng)

9、中的詞匯短語的形式和意義進(jìn)行辨析，從而根據(jù)句子的意義對(duì)選項(xiàng)作出正確的判斷和選擇。 此類題型往往考查對(duì)名詞動(dòng)詞代詞形容詞副詞介詞及短語意義和應(yīng)用的辨析。,1）詞義辨析： 例1Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had _his leg. A. damaged B. hurt C. hit D. struck,B,例2 The new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average incomes. over B. within C. beyo

10、nd D. below 例3The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually,C,B,1)instructions, directions, introductions, explanations; 2) sight, view, scene, scenery; 3)strength, power, energy, force; 4)state

11、, condition, situation, occasion, case; 5) way, method, approach, means; 6) practice, manners, custom, habit; 7) clothes, clothing, cloth, dress; 8) surroundings, condition, environment,需注意的幾種名詞辨析歸納：,相關(guān)高考試題： 1. Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. explanat

12、ions B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 2. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _. A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions,B,C,3. At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics. A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 4. It

13、s bad _ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed. A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement,A,A,需注意的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語辨析歸納：,1) destroy, damage, ruin, 2)hurt, wound, injure, harm; 3) strike, hit, beat, knock； 4) last, stay, remain, keep; 5) stand, hold, support, fill; 6) fetch, take, b

14、ring, carry； 7)turn, become, get, go, grow, come, run, fall; 8) defend, protect, guard, prevent; 9) separate, divide, part； 10)happen, occur, take place, come about, break out,11) desert, abandon, give up, leave; 12)divide, separate, part; 13) interrupt, disturb, bother; 14)beat, defeat, win; 15) tr

15、eat, cure, heal; 16) examine, check, test, inspect; 17) gain, get, earn, obtain, acquire, achieve; 18) realize, recognize, know, know of / about;,相關(guān)高考試題 1. We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. A. load B. hold C. fill D. support 2. It was already past midnight and thre

16、e young men _ in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted,B,B,3. Modern plastic can _ very high and very low temperatures. A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support 4. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared 5. We shall _ ou

17、r island, whatever the cost may be. A. defend B. protect C. guard D. prevent,A,C,A,需注意的 形容詞辨析歸納： 1）normal, average, common, general,ordinary,usual; 2)certain, sure 3)alive, live, living, lively, lovely;,需注意的 介詞或其他短語辨析歸納： besides, except, except for, except that/ when/ what/ etc, apart from, other th

18、an, as well as, in addition to 2) because of, due to, owing to, thanks to; 3) more than, more than, no more than, no more than, not more than, not more than, other than, rather than,2）詞性辨析： 例1_ had I done it when I knew I had made a mistake. Hardly B. Directly C. Mostly D. Nearly 例2_ I meet Mary in

19、the street, she will greet me with a smile. Before B. Surely C. Each time D. For,A,C,3）詞形辨析： 例1 I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 例2He hurried to the booking office o

20、nly _ that all the tickets had been sold out. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling,C,A,4）詞序辨析： 如:both my hands all half his income the guest present such a nice person so nice a person,例1Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way_ to the Home Circle Building. easy enough B. enough e

21、asy C. easily enough D. enough easily 例2lets question _ there, and they will tell us the truth. the present students B. the students present C. present the students D. students the present,C,B,5）短語辨析： 包括：動(dòng)詞與不同的介詞副詞搭配；名詞前有無冠詞；介詞短語搭配等。 例1With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt very

22、helpless. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn to 例2She _ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up,D,D,例3My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in honor of B. in memory of C. in favor of D. in search of

23、,C,分類突破,【結(jié)構(gòu)型單項(xiàng)填空】： 考查考生對(duì)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握情況。表現(xiàn)：句子某些成分的省略；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的識(shí)別；倒裝或插入其他成分使句子前后分離等，因而引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，擾亂考生對(duì)句子成分的判斷。,1）有省略的復(fù)合句-補(bǔ)全法 由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動(dòng)詞的省略，致使考生對(duì)不定式狀語產(chǎn)生誤解。答題方法：盡量把省略部分補(bǔ)全，這有助于正確地確定答案。 例1: He said he would do what he could _ us. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 例2:-Where did you get to know her?

24、 - It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where,B,D,2)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)提示： 由于受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，考生往往不注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，從而弄錯(cuò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 例1：Mary, _ here- everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 例2:Soon they came to a farm house; _ roof was much higher than the others. A. which B. whose

25、 C. that D. its 例3:I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. Of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom,A,D,D,3）插入語的影響-簡化法 有些句子插入了某些成分，從而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)支離破碎，造成考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的誤解。解決方法：去掉插入語或附加的次要成分，就會(huì)迅速地找到答案。 例1：It is imagination _ makes the word colorful, full of vigor and variety. A. where B. what C. that D. w

26、hen 例3：E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B have played C. are playing D.play,C,A,分類突破,【搭配型單項(xiàng)填空】： 考查范圍：動(dòng)詞，介詞，名詞，形容詞，數(shù)詞等的固定搭配。 例1:A clean environment can help the city bid for Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development. A.in nature B.

27、 in return C. in turn D. in fact 例2:Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _a good researcher. A. make B. turn C. get D. grow,C,A,分類突破,【邏輯型單項(xiàng)填空】： 考查范圍：主謂一致，意義一致，人稱一致，非謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的邏輯主語一致等。 例1: - Who called me this morning when I was out? - A man calling _ Robert. A. him B. himsel

28、f C. his D. / 例2:We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 例3:At the age of seven, _. A. his father died. B. he lost his father C. his dog followed him D. his parents divorced,B,A,B,分類突破,【語境型單

29、項(xiàng)填空】： 在一定的語境進(jìn)行語法知識(shí)和語言知識(shí)的考查，是近年高考試題中常見的題目，這就要求考生一定要以語境為切入點(diǎn)，認(rèn)真思考，仔細(xì)分析，確定正確答案。 例1: - Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? - I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 例2:Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. A. the better one B.

30、 the best one C. a better one D. a good one,C,C,分類突破,【交際型單項(xiàng)填空】： 考查范圍：問答情況，請(qǐng)求與建議，表示祝愿，道歉，感謝，表達(dá)意見，觀點(diǎn)等。 例1:- I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight? -_. Im not using it anyhow. A. Sure, go ahead. B. I dont know C. Yes, indeed. D. I dont care. 例2: -Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afr

31、aid I cant pass this time. - _! Im sure you will make it. A. Go ahead B. Good luck C. No problem D. Cheer up,A,D,例3：- Would you like some more soup? - _. Its delicious, but Ive had enough. A. Yes, please. B. No, thank you C. Nothing more D. Id like some. 例4:- How are you getting on with your cleanin

32、g?Do you need my help? - _, but I think Im all right. A.No, thanks. B. Thats OK. C. You are helpful D. Thats very kind of you.,B,D,【其它解題方法】： 1）找提示詞法 對(duì)有些題來說，若找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵的提示詞（如and, but, otherwise等），就會(huì)迎刃而解。 例1：They are all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither

33、例2：_ with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave,C,D,2)轉(zhuǎn)化法 所謂“轉(zhuǎn)化法”就是把有些復(fù)合句、被動(dòng)句、疑問句、倒裝句、感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等轉(zhuǎn)化為便于理解的簡單句、主動(dòng)句、陳述句等。,疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句 Was it in 1969 _the American astronaut succeeded _landing on the moon? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in _ role she pla

34、yed in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,D,3)逆向思維法 逆向思維是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維，它沖破了固有的“思維定勢(shì)”，運(yùn)用逆向思維，在目前靈活多變的高考試題中，可收到意想不到的結(jié)果。 例1：As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to

35、 do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 例2：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as,例3: In order not to be disturbed, he spent three hours _ in his study. A. locking B. locked D. lock D. lock 例4:Which

36、 do you enjoy _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? A. spending B spent C. spend D. to spend,4)注意意群的應(yīng)用 意群就是指句子中按意思和結(jié)構(gòu)劃分出的各個(gè)成分，每一個(gè)成分即稱為一個(gè)意群。同一意群中的詞與詞的關(guān)系緊密相關(guān)，密不可分，否則就會(huì)引起誤解。請(qǐng)看下面一道題： -Will you please _ me the favor to find a job , sir ? -Yes , Ill do what I can _ you . to do ; help B. do ; help C. do

37、 ; to help D. to do ; to help,（一）. 固定搭配在句子中充當(dāng)其中一個(gè)成分。 Mrs Brown is used to _ all the windows open . A. sleeping alone with B. sleep alone with C. sleeping lonely for D. sleep lonely for 簡析：該題是由兩個(gè)固定搭配的意群組成的： (1) be used to doing （習(xí)慣于做.） (2) with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。若能把這兩個(gè)固定搭配意群弄清，問題也就迎刃而解。,（二）. 當(dāng)從句充當(dāng)主句的一個(gè)成分時(shí)，注意它在整句中

38、所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?The women used what they had _ for their daughter . A. to buy a new dress B. buying a new dress C. bought a new dress D. buy a new dress 簡析：許多同學(xué)看到該題不加思索地選擇C，他們誤以為had后接過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)，殊不知此句中的what they had已是一個(gè)完整的意群，作used的賓語。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整，后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語 。,（三.） 帶介詞的不定式短語充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分時(shí)，要注意動(dòng)詞后面的介詞。 Though the chair looks rather hard , it is very comfortable to _ . A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 簡析：該題中不定式短語to sit為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的介詞on，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的意群。,(四). 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分時(shí)，要注意它與其它句子成分之間的關(guān)系。 The clerk _ his letter is working in our company . referred B. referred to C. referred to in D