1、Mad or not?,Pre-task,How does the writer feel about aeroplanes? What has made most of his neighbours leave their homes? Why does people think the writer is mad?,mad adj. 發(fā)瘋 be mad/crazy about:為而瘋狂 be mad at sb eg:Dont be mad at him。 別怪他（不關(guān)他的事）。 go+adj:變得 go mad/crazy/insane/bananas Dont fight with h

2、im, he is a mad man. 別跟他打架, 他是瘋子。,sum n.量 大量：a great many/a great number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) a sum of:一筆 a large sum of:大量的，喜歡跟錢連用 a large sum of money a large amount of:許多 plenty of（注意：前面沒有a）足夠的,sum 名詞 n. C 1.總數(shù),總和,總計the S(+of) She paid the sum of $200 for dresses. 她買衣服總共花了二百元錢。 2.【數(shù)】和the S(+of) 3.金額;一筆(+of)

3、 He earned a large sum of money. 他賺了一大筆錢。 4.概要;要點the S(+of) 5.算術(shù)題;運算 The boy is good at doing a sum in his head. 這男孩善于心算。,及物動詞 vt. 1.計算.的總和(+up) 2.總結(jié);概括;概述(+up) The story may be summed up in one sentence. 該故事可以用一句話來概括。 不及物動詞 vi. 1.共計(+to/into),determined adj. determined adj. 堅定的，下決心的 I am determined

4、 to stay here.我決定留在這兒。 be determined to do sth. 決心做某事 v.determine on 決定 v.determine upon 決定 determine sb. against sth. 使 某人決定不做某事 determine sb. to do sth. 使某人決定做某事,decide和determine 之間的區(qū)別： 都有“決定”的意思。 decide 指“經(jīng)過詢問、研討和考慮之后, 在幾種可能的選擇之中作出決定”,decide 最為普通： 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of

5、 Monday. 她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。,determine指“決心作某一件事而不動搖”, 常涉及范圍比較狹小的問題： 如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 我們已經(jīng)決定要提前完成這項工作。,decided常與to, that, on, about用，表示決心；決定 ； to decide where to go 決心去哪兒 而與between, for, angainst, in favor of, that連用，表示判斷，判決 The judge will decide the case to

6、morrow. 法官將于明天對案子進(jìn)行判決。,reason ri:zn n.原因 for this reason:由于這個原因 For what reason? 是為了什麼原因？ bring sb. to reason 使某人講理,Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.,drive sb mad:逼某人發(fā)瘋 例：Sometimes its enough to drive you mad if you are stuck in a traffic jam during the rush hour. 有時在交通高峰期被困足以使人發(fā)瘋 The noise outs

7、ide is driving me mad.,I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.,1、passing planes：現(xiàn)在分詞做定語 sleeping baby:正在睡覺的小孩 waiting car:正在等待的 2、day and night: 日日夜夜 例句：I will sit by her bedside day and night. 我會日夜守在她的床邊。,The airport was built years ago,but for some reason it could not

8、 be used then.,for some reason:由于某種原因 some+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：某一 some book some+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：一些 some books some+不可數(shù)名詞：一些 some water 例句：He was late for school for some reason. 由于某種原因，他上學(xué)遲到了！ He didnt tell me the answer for some reason. 由于某種原因，他沒有告訴我答案!,Last year,however,it came into use。,come into use:投入使用 come into:進(jìn)

9、入得到、獲得財富,1、They put this method into use。 2、This method comes into use。 3、This method is put into use。,Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.,home:家，強調(diào)有感情；house僅僅指房子 課本：94頁,Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane。,不及物動詞 vi. 1.相撞,碰

10、擊(+against) His legs knocked against the chair. 他的兩條腿撞到了椅子。 2.敲,擊,打(+on/at) He knocked at the door and entered. 他敲了敲門便走進(jìn)去了。 3.(發(fā)動機(jī)等由于故障)發(fā)爆震聲,及物動詞 vt. 1.敲,擊,打O The falling bottle knocked him on the head. 跌落的瓶子砸在他的頭上。 2.擊(撞)成.OO8 The blow knocked her senseless. 那一擊把她打昏了。 3.【口】批評,貶損 The critic knocked

11、her latest novel.,詞組,knock at the door; knock 敲門 knock down; knock over 撞倒,習(xí)慣用語,今天我們要講由knock這個詞發(fā)展而成的習(xí)慣用語。我們先要談的習(xí)慣法是: knockout。 Knockout最常用的意思是把一個人打倒在地、不省人事，但是knockout在俚語中卻可以解釋叫人心醉神迷的人或物，可能是一幅美不勝收的畫，也可能是一部扣人心弦的電影，更可能是俊男美女。例： 1. He married a real knockout, one of the most beautiful women I have ever s

12、een! 他娶了個大美人。我還沒見過有比她更漂亮的女人！,我們再來學(xué)一個習(xí)慣用語: knock your socks off。 Sock是襪子。這個習(xí)慣用語的出典可能是什么特別精彩的事情讓你興奮得上蹦下跳，以至腳上襪子也跳得掉了下來，引申為“令人興奮不已的好事”。例： 2. I tell you that movie I saw last night is fantastic, the best Ive seen in years. Go see it - I guarantee itll knock your socks off! 告訴你我昨晚看的那電影棒極了。我有好幾年沒看過這樣精彩的片子

13、。你得去看，保證會讓你激動萬分。,I have been offered a large sum of money to go away,but I am determined to stay here.,及物動詞 vt. 1.給予,提供;拿出,出示O1(+to) He offered me a glass of wine. 他端給我一杯酒。 2.愿意;試圖(做某事);提議Y+to-v They offered to help me. 他們表示愿意幫助我。 He offered to lend me some books. 他表示要借給我?guī)妆緯?3.出(價);開(價)O1 We offere

14、d him the calculator for US$50. 這計算器我們向他開價五十美元。,動詞語態(tài) 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者 Many people speak English.(主動語態(tài)) English is spoken by many people.(被動語態(tài)),Read the following sentences 1.It is called a stamp. 2.Whats it made of? 3.Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in

15、 the world. 4.English is used very widely as a foreign language, 5.Silk is produced in Suzhou. 6.Where are bananas grown?,二。模仿上列句子連詞成句,Silk, produce, in Hangzhou. Cars, make, in Tianjin. tea, grow, in Fujian. English, speak, in Australia. Glass, produce, in Germany. Ships, make , in Japan.,被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成,助動

16、詞+及物動詞的過去分詞 （ be + P.P.),以see為例，比較主動語和態(tài)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,肯定句，否定句及疑問句如下。,Cars are made in Changchun. Cars are not made in Changchun. -Are cars made in Changchun? (-Yes, they are./No,they arent.) Where are cars made? p26,Read text-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動 作的執(zhí)行者時。,My bike was s

17、tolen last night. 昨晚我的自行車被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八點收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 這張課桌是王師傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那個口袋是她姐姐提走的。,2. 為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。,被動語態(tài)使用方法,Article1_popwin_title,3. 為了更好地安排句子。,The well-known person got on the bus and was immedi

18、ately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了） 那個名人一上車就立刻被大家認(rèn)出來了。,I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有條新裙子。它是我阿姨送給我作為生日禮物的。,4. 在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時。如：,將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語。 將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞 by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。,主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)的方法,將下列句子改成被動語態(tài)。 1.We use Engl

19、ish as a foreign language. ,English is used as a foreign language( by us),2. People write business letters in English ,Business letters are written( by people) in English.,3.They make telephone calls in English. ,Telephone calls are made( by them) in English.,4.Travelers and business people use Engl

20、ish. ,English is used by travelers and business.,5.Farmers grow rice in Zhejiang. ,Rice is grown by farmers in Zhejiang.,過去 時,含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài),A man killed Jack. Han Mei found Granny books. They built the bridge. ,Jack was killed (by a man).,Granny books were found by Han Mei.,The bridge was built .,He ca

21、n answer the question. We must plant trees in spring. Nurse should take care of the children. ,The question can be answered (by him.),Trees must be planted in spring.,Children should be taken care of.,主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時注意,含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時有兩種情況: Eg He gave the boy an apple. (1)把間接賓語改為主語,直接賓語保留不變: The

22、boy was given an apple (2)把直接賓語改為主語,此時,間接賓語前要 加to或for. An apple was given to the boy. (give, pass, show, send- to ) (buy, draw, make, -for ),含雙賓語的被動 My father gave me a new book on my birthday . -A new book was given to me (by my father - I was given a new book (by my father).,2.不帶的to不定式,改為被動語態(tài)時不定 .

23、式前要加to . They watched the children sing. The children were watched to sing . 3.短語動詞是不可分割的整體,改為被動語態(tài)時要保持其完整性,介詞或副詞不可遺漏. We must take good care of the young trees. Young trees must be taken good care of.,4. 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為主語,賓語補足語在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語. He cut his hair short. His hair was cut short.

24、 They told him to help me. He was told to help me. 5. 注意: 不及物動詞不能用被動語態(tài)happen ,take place, appear but不及物動詞帶上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語,相當(dāng)于及物動詞, 后面可帶賓語,take care of / look after / take off / look at / send for / look up,Eg The old man should be taken good care of .,6,主動表示被動情況 1 某些VI 動詞表被動含義如 carry out / lock open / r

25、ead /teach / wash / write 用來說明主語性質(zhì)特征,常與 not / hardly / well /easily / badly /nicely 等連用 Meat cuts easily . The car drove easily . His novel sells well 某些感觀動詞表被動含義如 feel / look / taste / smell / sound This shirt feels much softer than that one. This orange tastes nice .,3 某些動詞表被動含義如 weigh / measure /

26、 cost / last / break out / take place /happen,The meeting lasted two hours . 4 get / come / go + P.P 表示被動含義 用來強調(diào)動作結(jié)果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件. come / go 常與否定連用 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic . The womans complaints went unnoticed.,5 在 need / want / require / deserve + doing 句型中,動名詞表示被動.,The gard

27、en needs watering = The garden needs to be watered . 6 有些動詞的不定式( blame / let / rent 用主動表被動 Nobody was to blame for the accident . The house is to let . 7一些介詞短語用作定語或表語時表被動 The thief was under arrest . Apples are on sale .,將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)：,（一） We often use a recorder in our English class. The parents foun

28、d the boy in the street. 3. We must clean the blackboard. 4. I saw her reading a book hours ago.,A recorder is often used( by us )in our English class.,The boy was found (by the parents) in the street,The blackboard must be cleaned (by us).,She was seen reading a book hours ago.,6。Someone has stolen

29、 my bike. They are building a house. My family will buy a computer next week.,My bike has been stolen .,A house is being built .,A computer will be bought next week.,（二） I often buy Mother something. My brother gave me a book. We can hear her sing this song. The boys words made us laugh.,Mother is o

30、ften bought something.,Something is often bough for Mother.,I was given a book.,A book was given to me.,She can be heard to sing this song.,We were made to laugh by the boys words.,4. She should look up the new words in a dictionary. 5. The old man put on a hat.,The new words should be looked up in

31、a dictionary.,A hat was put on.,1 The silence of the library _only by the sound of pages being turned over . A has been broken B breaks C broke D was broken Sarah ,hurry up ,I m afraid you wont have time to _before the party . A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change,D,A,3 Rain fore

32、sts _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future . A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 4 I need one more stamp before my collection _. A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed,C,D,5 All the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start . A completed B had been completed C have been completed D complete 6 Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes. A lost B will be lost C are lost D will lose,C,B,7 He told us to keep a secret of the thing