1、2002年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題(一)NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)考生注意事項(xiàng)1.考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場(chǎng)規(guī)則,得到監(jiān)考人員指令后方可開始答題。2.答題前,考生應(yīng)將答題卡上的”考生姓名”、”報(bào)考單位”、”考試語(yǔ)種”、”考生編號(hào)”等信息填寫清楚,并與準(zhǔn)考證上的一致。3.全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)分為試題(一)、試題(二)。4.本試題為試題(一),共4頁(yè)(14頁(yè))?？忌仨氃谝?guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)作答。5.試題(一)為聽力部分。該部分共有A、B、C三節(jié),

2、所有答案都應(yīng)填寫或填涂在答題卡1上。A、B兩節(jié)必須用藍(lán)(黑)圓珠筆答題,注意字跡清楚。C節(jié)必須用2B鉛筆按照答題卡上的要求填涂,如要改動(dòng),必須用橡皮擦干凈。6.聽力考試進(jìn)行時(shí),考生應(yīng)先將答案寫或標(biāo)記在試題上,然后在聽力部分結(jié)束前專門留出的5分鐘內(nèi),將答案整潔地謄寫或轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡1上。僅寫或標(biāo)記在試題上不給分。SectionI:ListeningComprehensionDirections:ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterial

3、sandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET

4、1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Youno

5、whave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)WelchsPersonalInformationPlaceofBirthPhiladelphiaYearofBirth1901TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920MajoratUniversity1FinalDegreePhDYearofMarriage1928GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3MainInterest4ProfessorshipatColumbiaS

6、tarted(Year)5Death(Age)77PartBDirections:Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)Besidesreporter

7、s,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutsidethespeakershome?6._Onereportergottothespeakersapartmentpretendingtopay7._Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking8._Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?9._Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllostreadersunlesstheeditorsandthenewsdirectors10._P

8、artCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)Questions11-13arebasedonareportabo

9、utchildrenshealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?AHowmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.BWhattheyaremostworriedabout.CHowlongtheirparentsaccompanythemdaily.DWhatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.12.Theacademysuggeststhatc

10、hildrenunderagetwo_.AgetenoughentertainmentBhavemoreactivitiesCreceiveearlyeducationDhaveregularcheckups13.Accordingtothereport,childrensbedroomsshould_.AbenoplaceforplayBbenearacommonareaChavenoTVsetsDhaveacomputerforstudyQuestions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secon

11、dstoreadQuestions14-16.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup?AFamilydebts.BBanksavings.CMonthlybills.DSpendinghabits.15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit?A$190,000.B$330,000.C$500,000.D$1,000,000.16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthl

12、ybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth?AInvestintoamutualfund.BUsethediscounttickets.CQuithiseating-outhabit.DUseonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,adomestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyerspred

13、ictionofthechangeindivorcerate?AFallBRiseCV-shapeDZigzag18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage?AToembracechangesofthought.BToadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.CToreturntothepracticeinthe60sand70s.DTocreatestabilityintheirlives.19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago?ATheyfe

14、aredthecomplicatedprocedures.BTheywantedtogoagainstthetrend.CTheywereafraidoflosingface.Dtheywerewillingtostaytogether.20.Yearsagoadivorcedmaninacompanywouldhave.Abeenshiftedaroundthecountry.Bhaddifficultybeingpromoted.Cenjoyedahappierlife.Dtastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.Younowhave5minutestotransf

15、erallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.THISISTHEENDOFSECTIONIDONOTREADORWORKONTHENEXTSECTIONUNTILYOUARETOLDTOCONTINUE全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題(二)NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)考生注意事項(xiàng)1.考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項(xiàng)考場(chǎng)規(guī)則，得到監(jiān)考人員指令后方可開始答題。2.全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)分為試題(一)、試題(二)。3.本試題為試題(二)，共11頁(yè)(515頁(yè))，含有英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用、閱

16、讀理解、寫作三個(gè)部分。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用、閱讀理解A節(jié)的答案必須用2B鉛筆按要求直接填涂在答題卡1上，如要改動(dòng)，必須用橡皮擦干凈。閱讀理解B節(jié)和寫作部分必須用藍(lán)(黑)圓珠筆在答題卡2上答題，注意字跡清楚。4.考試結(jié)束后，考生應(yīng)將答題卡1、答題卡2一并裝入原試卷袋中，將試題(一)、試題(二)交給監(jiān)考人員。SectionII:UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Comparisonsweredr

17、awnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened_21_.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot_22_the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_23_,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe_24_oftheperiodical.Itwasd

18、uringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution_25_up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading_26_throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures_27_the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin_28_.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,_29_,thatthei

19、ntroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,_30_bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,_31_itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately_32_.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas_33_,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage

20、_34_increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,_35_generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch_36_.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe_37_withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas_38_bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplac

21、eandtime,buttherehavebeen_39_viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed_40_“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.21.AbetweenBbeforeCsinceDlater22.AafterBbyCduringDuntil23.AmeansBmethodCmediumDmeasure24.AprocessBcompanyClightDform25.Agathe

22、redBspeededCworkedDpicked26.AonBoutCoverDoff27.AofBforCbeyondDinto28.AconceptBdimensionCeffectDperspective29.AindeedBhenceChoweverDtherefore30.AbroughtBfollowedCstimulatedDcharacterized31.AunlessBsinceClestDalthough32.AapparentBdesirableCnegativeDplausible33.AinstitutionalBuniversalCfundamentalDinst

23、rumental34.AabilityBcapabilityCcapacityDfaculty35.AbymeansofBintermsofCwithregardtoDinlinewith36.AdeeperBfewerCnearerDsmaller37.AcontextBrangeCscopeDterritory38.AregardedBimpressedCinfluencedDeffected39.AcompetitiveBcontroversialCdistractingDirrational40.AaboveBuponCagainstDwithSectionIII:ReadingCom

24、prehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptos

25、howthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttoco

26、mmentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanursesconvention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandf

27、riendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,thatsGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshesadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressi

28、ng,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouanditllbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustntattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheirc

29、anteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenitsthedeliverywhichcause

30、stheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudontsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.

31、Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould_.AtakeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudienceBmakefunofthedisorganizedpeopleCaddressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeopleDshowsympathyforyourlisteners42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheey

32、esofnurses,theyare_.AimpolitetonewarrivalsBveryconsciousoftheirgodlikeroleCentitledtosomeprivilegesDverybusyevenduringlunchhours43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices_.AhavebenefitedmanypeopleBarethefocusofpublicattentionCareaninappropriatesubjectforhumorDhaveoftenbeenthelaughingstock44.Toa

33、chievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered_.Ainwell-wordedlanguageBasawkwardlyaspossibleCinexaggeratedstatementsDascasuallyaspossible45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe_.AUseHumorEffectivelyBVariousKindsofHumorCAddHumortoSpeechDDifferentHumorStrategiesText2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,people

34、havedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodern

35、worldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytire

36、lessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflabo

37、rsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecantyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynam

38、icworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcen

39、turies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrainsroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butt

40、hehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcantapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldontknowquitehow

41、wedoit.46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin_.AtheuseofmachinestoproducesciencefictionBthewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustryCtheinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerousworkDtheelitescunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork47.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans_.AprogramsBex

42、pertsCdevicesDcreatures48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondmansabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan_.AfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgeryBinteractwithhumanbeingsverballyChavealittlecommonsenseDrespondindependentlytoachangingworld49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso_.Amakeafewdecisionsfor

43、themselvesBdealwithsomeerrorswithhumaninterventionCimprovefactoryenvironmentsDcultivatehumancreativity50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare_.AexpectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructureBabletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediatelyCfarlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformationD

44、bestusedinacontrolledenvironmentText3Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,wh

45、entheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldp

46、ushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinth

47、epriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobi

48、letelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.2

49、5-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies-towhichheavyindustryhasshifted-havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccu

50、rredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomistscommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpri

51、ceis_.AglobalinflationBreductioninsupplyCfastgrowthineconomyDIraqssuspensionofexports52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif_.ApriceofcruderisesBcommoditypricesriseCconsumptionrisesDoiltaxesrise53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries_.Aheavyindus

52、trybecomesmoreenergy-intensiveBincomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilpricesCmanufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezedDoilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_.Aoil-priceshocksarelessshockingnowBinflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocksCenergycons

53、ervationcankeepdowntheoilpricesDthepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems_.AoptimisticBsensitiveCgloomyDscaredText4TheSupremeCourtsdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffe

54、ring.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects-agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen-ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeff

55、ect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatientspain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedtha

56、ttheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“Itslikesu

57、rgery,”hesays.“Wedontcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidntintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyoureaphysician,youcanriskyourpatientssuicideaslongasyoudontintendtheirsuicide.”O(jiān)nanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinp

58、artbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourtsrulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveu

59、seof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingt