1、Unit 1 A land of diversity,Useful phrases,live on by means of in prehistoric times in addition die from a disease fight against gain ones independence declare war on achieve ones dream make a life keep up,繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存,借助,在史前時(shí)期,此外，另外,死于疾病,對(duì)抗.,獲得獨(dú)立,向宣戰(zhàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等,堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲,Learning about language,

2、Language points,1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國第三大洲，但是人口最多。,(1) 對(duì)人口提問用what, 不用how many或 how much。 Whats the population of the city? 這個(gè)城市有多少人口？,(2) population 作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)，但前有分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China is larger than that of Ame

3、rica. 中國人口比美國人口多。 80% of the population are farmers. 百分之80的人口是農(nóng)民。,(3) 人口的增加或減少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small修飾。 There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few years. 過去幾年這座城市人口增長很快。,2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state

4、 in the USA, 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，,It also has the distinction of being 意思是What it is known for is ,前綴multi-是“多、多方面、多方想”的意思。如： multi-coloured (多色的), multi-racial (多種族的), multi-media (多媒體), multiparty (多黨制 ), multi-purpose (多種用途),3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as Ca

5、lifornia, no one really knows. no one really knows 是主句, exactly when California是knows的賓語從句。what we California是賓語從句, 作介詞in的賓語。,4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.,1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事 It is likely/probab

6、le/possible that . 有可能 It is possible for sb. to do sth. . 有可能做.,2) 辨析：likely, possible與probable possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)；likely是從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。,probable: 句型為 It is probable that possible: 句型為 Its possible (for sb.) to do sth. / Its possible that likely的

7、主語可以是人，而possible與probable的主語不能是人。,Ishelikelytowin? 他有可能獲勝嗎？ Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來, 但也不一定準(zhǔn)來。,5. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.,vi. 受痛苦；受損害 vt. 遭受；忍受,suffer,辨析：suffer與suffer from suffer (vt.) 和suf

8、fer from的區(qū)別：suffer 指一般的損害、痛苦等等, 其賓語為pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭，自然災(zāi)害帶來的苦難及患病之意。,suffer the result / heavy losses / injuries承受結(jié)果/遭受大損失/負(fù)傷 suffer from headache / illness / war / the flood 遭受頭痛/疾病的困擾/

9、戰(zhàn)爭洪水,辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饑餓等, 多指內(nèi)部原因。 die from 常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。,6. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.,7. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世紀(jì)早期, 西班

10、牙士兵到達(dá)南美洲, 這時(shí)同土著人作斗爭并占領(lǐng)這片土地。,fight for “為事業(yè), 自由, 真理, 權(quán)利等而斗爭(戰(zhàn)斗)” fight against (可用with) the enemy “為反對(duì)而斗爭”；接人和國家名詞， 意思是“與戰(zhàn)斗” fight with sb. 也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn),辨析: fight against, fight for與fight with,8. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the

11、 Catholic religion to the natives.,1)句中Spanish前面有序數(shù)詞限定成分，故其后用不定式定語形式。 She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.,the majority of后可用單數(shù)名詞, 也可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of 后面的名詞相一致。 The majority of people prefer peace to war. The majority of the damage is easy to repair.,9. Some died or returned home, but most

12、 remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.,1) remain用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 意為 “剩下、留下、呆在”, 相當(dāng)于stay。,Whentheothershadgone,Joanremained (=stayed)tocleantheroom. stay通常指在某地呆一段時(shí)間而不離開, 暫時(shí)住在某地, 尤指賓客逗留；而remain指別人已經(jīng)走了,而某人仍在原地。,1). He stayed at the hotel for three days. 2). Onlyafewleaves

13、remained (=werestill)onthetree. 3). TheSmithsremainedthereall throughtheyear. 4).Thesoldierswereorderedtoremain wheretheywere.,注意:“呆在那里”可以說remain/ stay there,但“呆在家里”只能stay(at)home。,remain作連系動(dòng)詞, 意為 “一直保持,仍然處于某種狀態(tài)中”,后可接多種成分作表語。,1)接名詞作表語 PeterbecameamanagerbutJohn remainedaworker. Theirmarriageremainsa

14、secret.,2)接形容詞作表語 Whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest. Theshopremainsopenuntil11atnight.,3)接過去分詞作表語, 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如: Theyneverremainedsatisfied withtheirsuccesses.(表主語所處的狀態(tài)) Theyremainedlockedintheroom. (已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作),4) 接現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如: Theguestscamein,butshe remaineds

15、ittingatthedeskreading. (正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作) Theyremainedlistening.,5)接不定式作表語, 表示將來的動(dòng)作。如: Thisremainstobeproved.(將來被動(dòng)動(dòng)作) Whetheritwilldousgoodremainstobeseen.,6)接介詞短語作表語 IhaveremainedintouchwiththeGreensformorethan10years. Hehadtoremaininhospitaluntilhewasbetter.,注意: remain作名詞時(shí),表示“剩余物”, 一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Theremain

16、sofamealcanbegiventoapig. TheyfoundsomeremainsoftheTangDynasty.,remaining是形容詞, 意為“剩余的”,常作前置定語; 而left則只能作后置定語。如: Thereareonly5booksleft. Heboughtmeagiftwiththe remainingmoney.,Learning about language,Revising useful structures,從句一律保持陳述句語序。,主語從句 Subject clause 賓語從句 Object clause 表語從句 Predicative claus

17、e 同位語從句 Appositive clause,名詞從句,名詞性從句基本結(jié)構(gòu): 引導(dǎo)詞 + 從句(陳述句語序) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞成分, 在句中作主語、 賓語、表語或同位語。,What I want to do is to go home immediately. I said that I want to go home immediately. My hope is that I want to home immediately. The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位

18、語從句,1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分,2. 賓語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分（ 可以作謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語）,3. 表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。,4. 同位語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等)后面, 對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。,注意: suggest, advise, order, command, insist, require, request等動(dòng)詞常接含虛擬語氣的賓語從句: should + do。 動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語從句也

19、用虛擬語氣。I wish I were a bird.I wish that I had met him yesterday.,Exercise 1. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 3. Our city has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from

20、 _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was it,A,A,A,4. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.A. when B. where C. what D. that 5. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought wa

21、s the place theyd been dreaming of.A. that B. where C. which D. what,D,D,6. It is no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon.A. that B. which C. whether D. what 7. She is pleased with _ you have given her and all that you have told her.A. that B. what C. why D. which,A,B,8. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if C. whethe