1、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與應(yīng)用,一、冠詞,1、冠詞是虛詞，本身不 能單 獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有 詞義，它用在 名詞的 前面，幫助指明名詞 的含義。,重點(diǎn)歸納：,2、冠詞分為不 定冠詞a,an 和定冠詞the兩種。,一、不定冠詞的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,分析 a和an均用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示一類人或事物中的“任何”一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“一”，但不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目的概念。,A,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a,

2、 an,分析在名詞前使用a或an要取決于該名詞的讀音。如果首字母的讀音是元音音素，應(yīng)用an；如果首字母的讀音是輔音音素，應(yīng)用a。,A,歸納：1. a,e,i,o,u五個(gè)元音字母處于詞首時(shí)，未必都是元音音素，u發(fā)音是ju:或ju時(shí)前面用冠詞a，u讀時(shí)前面用冠詞an。,2. 26個(gè)字母中以開(kāi)頭為元音音素發(fā)音的字母有：f ef, h eich, l el, n en, r a；, s es, xeks 。 There is an “R” in the “word”. j是輔音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one w是輔音音素。,例Tom is _ honest boy. W

3、e all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. /,分析honest 中h不發(fā)音，讀音以元音音素 放于前面，表示“一個(gè)”時(shí)應(yīng)加an。,B,例 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠詞指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明是 何人或何物。,A,例6 English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a

4、 language意為“一種語(yǔ)言”。language 是可數(shù)名詞。,B,二、定冠詞的用法,例There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析文章中第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞前用a(an)。下次再出現(xiàn)此名詞則用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,B,例 _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This

5、D. That,分析名詞后有表示范圍、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)限定時(shí)，名詞前應(yīng)加the來(lái)表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,A,例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An,分析序數(shù)詞前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,A,例4We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前要加the。 The sun rises in t

6、he east.,A,例5I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析playthe+樂(lè)器. Alice likes to play the violin 表示數(shù)量時(shí)可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,C,例6 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析牢記一些含the的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)， 在句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 in the morning/ afternoon

7、 /evening,A,例7 There is a large ship in _ middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析牢記一些含the的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，在句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 on the right (left) in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest at the foot of the hill,C,二、不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合,例1Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞。

8、Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,C,例_ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C./ D. That,分析表示節(jié)日、月份的名詞前一般不加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季節(jié)和月份時(shí)，季節(jié)和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,C,例We have no classes _ Sundays. A.

9、the B. these C. D. those,分析表示一周中七日的名稱前一般不加冠詞。,C,例 I studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析學(xué)科前、國(guó)名、大洲名前一般不加冠詞。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe ),A,例They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./

10、 D. this,分析在一些專有名詞（地名、節(jié)假日）之前不加冠詞。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day Wall Street,C,例6 He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞，如果前面有形容詞修飾該詞，表示“一頓的飯”，可加a。 have a big supper (nice lunch),D,例7We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D.

11、 one,分析表示坐什么交通工具時(shí)，用by名詞表示，該名詞前不用冠詞。 by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship),A,例8 _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An,分析動(dòng)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing.,C,例9 These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /,分析球類、棋類、游戲名稱前不加冠詞。,D,例10 There is

12、no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D./,分析名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或Any和 no時(shí)，均不再用冠詞。 No books, not a book, not any books,D,例11 He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的一些介詞名詞的詞組和一些固定詞組中，均不加冠詞。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,A,例12

13、 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析家庭成員的稱呼、稱呼語(yǔ)或只一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大寫時(shí)前不加物主代詞，小寫時(shí)前要加物主代詞，如：my father, his mother。,B,定冠不定冠 意思差千萬(wàn) 有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞，其意義有所不同。如： 1)at table在吃飯；

14、 at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課； in the class在班級(jí)中,3)go to school去上學(xué); go to the school 到那所學(xué)校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺(jué); go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在的前面 ; in the front of在的前部.,不定冠詞的用法 1、表示一類人或事物中的“任何” 一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中“一” 2、指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明 是何人或何物。 3、表示單位 4、表示“一類”,定冠詞the的用法 1、文章中第一次出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞前 用a(an)。下次再出現(xiàn)此名詞用the 名詞后有表

15、示范圍、地點(diǎn)的介詞 短語(yǔ)限定時(shí)用the 2、序數(shù)詞前表示順序時(shí),3、表示東、南、西、北方的名詞前+the 4、play樂(lè)器表示彈奏時(shí)， 該樂(lè)器名詞前加 the。,不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合 1、表示節(jié)日、月份的名詞前一般不加the 2、表示一周中七日的名稱前一般不加冠詞。 3、學(xué)科前和國(guó)名、洲名前一般不加冠詞。 4、表示三餐的名詞前不加冠詞 5、表示交通工具的手段時(shí)，用by名詞表示， 該名詞前不用冠詞。 6、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前不加冠詞。,精選習(xí)題 1. This is song Ive told you about. Isnt it beautiful one? Athe /theBa/a Cthe /aDa /the 2._Yellow River is _ second longest river in China. A. /, the B. The, the C. /. A D. The, a,C,B,3. -How far is it from our school to_ seaside? -It is _eight-kilometre walk from here. A.