1、UNIT 7,A sociable person is friendly and enjoys being with other people. They socialize spend time with other people in a friendly way and mix with others. Chilled is an informal way of saying relaxed. To chill out can mean to relax or calm down, especially relaxing with friends. If someone is angry

2、 or nervous you can advise them to chill out for a while. Generally or more formally chilled means cool or very cold. Easygoing means relaxed, calm, not getting upset about things, and happy to accept things without worrying.,Words for characteristics,Conversation 1,2 Watch Conversation 1 again and

3、check () the correct answers in the table.,American and British English In the conversations, Kate and her family use these American English words:,Please have a look at the detailed explanation under this title in your textbook.,Oxford is a large university and unlike most other universities, it is

4、 divided into different colleges. Students choose a particular college within the university at which to study. Students live in their college and it is also where they are supervised by a personal tutor. In American English, college is the usual word for university and a place that gives students d

5、egrees. School in American English is an informal word for university. It is also used in both British and American English to describe a department of a university or a college that teaches a particular subject, e.g. art school, medical school, law school, etc.,American and British English,Here are

6、 some American English, who can give the corresponding British ones?,trousers,petrol,shop,maize,flat,biscuit,sweets,football,chips,maths,dustbin,rubber,jam,holiday,autumn,pavement,parliament,motor car,restroom/ toilet,lift,groundfloor,3 Work in pairs and number the sentences in the order you expect

7、to hear them.,Conversation 2, I feel awful that we cant be with him. He said his arm doesnt hurt him. Id love to eat in an English pub. But they let him go home. He fell down the steps in the backyard. Listen, honey, Grandad had a fall just before we left.,4,5,6,3,2,1,Julia This is great. Its just l

8、ike I pictured it. Look at that, isnt it beautiful? Rob Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school! Kate No, Dad, Im not at Law School. Im at university! Rob OK, honey. Its Oxford, England I know! Rob Listen, honey, Grandad had a fall just before we left. Kate Oh, no! Rob Its OK. He broke his arm but (1)

9、_ _. Julia I dont know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob I think (2) _! Kate (3) _. (4) _?,4 Watch conversation 2 again and complete the sentences:,they dont think,hell be fine,Tell me all about it,What exactly happened,its serious,Rob He fell down the steps in the backya

10、rd. Kate Oh, poor Grandad! So go on! Rob He was taken to the hospital by ambulance they kept him there for several hours, didnt they, Julia? But they let him go home. Julia I feel awful that we cant be with him. Rob Julia, I spoke to Grandad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors arent worried

11、. Kate (5) _? Rob He said his arm doesnt hurt him. Kate Oh, good! (6) _, right? (7) _?,What else did he say,So hell be OK,Theres no real concern,Rob No, I told you, honey, (8) _. Just look at that! What a great place! Kate Yes, isnt it wonderful? Rob Come on, lets go and eat. Isnt there a pub nearby

12、? I seem to remember passing one. Id love to eat in an English pub. Kate OK, lets do that. Rob Theres no need to worry, honey.,theres no need to worry,Honey is a term of affection used to show that you care about someone. It can also be spelt as hunny or hunnie. Can you think of more spoken terms of

13、 endearment from films or songs? honey, darling, baby dear Sweetheart，Sweetie Sweetums sugar, pumpkin,Language and culture 1,babe,Language and culture 1,Work-life balance refers to the proportion between hours spent in working and with the family or in relaxing in leisure activities. Childcare means

14、 looking after babies or young children, usually in the childs home. This is either done by parents or relatives who bring up or raise children or another adult who may be paid for this work, as a babysitter, for a few hours, or as a childcarer for several hours every day, such as after-school care.

15、,Language and culture 1,a role in a group or society is a position which has certain obligations and expectations. A role model is given by an influential person in our life who shows us how to behave in particular roles. Role reversal occurs when someone adopts an opposite role to what society expe

16、cts , for example, if a man gives up a career and stays at home to look after children, becoming a stay-at-home dad.,Watching and understanding, 1 Davids family is English. 2 Both David and his wife work. 3 Bob is Davids father-in-law. 4 Bobs role as a father changed. 5 Shirley is Davids wife. 6 Dav

17、ids wife spends more time with the children than David does.,2 Watch the video clip and check () the true statements according to the clip.,4 Watch the video clip again and choose the best way to complete the sentences.,1 David is _. (a) 36 (b) 35 (c) 32 (d) 33 2 Bob worked for 38 years as _. (a) a

18、chemist (b) a computer programmer (c) an electrical engineer (d) a designer 3 Diane works as a _. (a) doctor (b) lawyer (c) biochemist (d) dentist,Now check your answers.,4 David looks after his children _. (a) before 8 in the morning (b) before 9 in the morning (c) between 3 and 5 in the afternoon

19、(d) after 5 5 There are _. (a) many similarities between David and his fathers family lives (b) some similarities between David and his fathers family lives (c) many similarities between David and his father (d) some similarities between David and his father,Now check your answers.,3 Watch the video

20、 clip again and answer the questions.,1) However, since the late 60s and the early 70s, family life has been changing dramatically. How has family life changed? 2) David is a modern father. In what way? 3) Bobs role as a father changed. In what way?,More mothers have been pursuing careers and father

21、s have been spending more time caring for children and doing household chores.,He pursues his career and shares in raising the children and doing the housework.,He started to do more cooking and driving the children here and there.,4) We did many things together and I tried to get them involved in o

22、ther areas that they seemed to show interest in What does David say about this? 5) As a research scientist, Davids schedule was more flexible. What was the result? 6) I think I have many more responsibilities than, than even most fathers do today Does David say his career has suffered because of his

23、 family responsibilities?,He says his father did a lot more than his friends fathers and his father was a role model for him.,It meant he could take on more day-to-day care of the children.,No, he has been able to continue pursuing his career.,Welcome to changing lifestyles. Today well take a look a

24、t the changing role of fathers. In the 1050s and 1960s, most fathers went to work everyday and most mothers stay at home to take care of the children. However, since the late 60s and the early 70s, family life has been changing dramatically. Instead of accepting the rigid roles imposed by society, m

25、any couples have been deciding to change their work-life balance. More mothers have been pursuing careers, while at the same time, fathers have been devoting more time to caring for children and doing household chores. This is David Noll. David is 33 years old, husband and father of two girls. David

26、 is a modern father. He and his wife both pursue careers and sharing in raising the children and doing the housework.,Ok, well then are you going to go to the playground? Right, right, mama, bye-bye. Davids father Bob Noll is also a loving father, but Davids role as a father was different. During th

27、e early part of his career, Bob went to work everyday, while his wife Shirley stayed home. Bob worked for 38 years at Westinghouse as an electrical engineer. Bob worked on some of the first computers ever produced. Bob had always been an involving father. But in 1970 Shirley decided to go back to wo

28、rk. That was when Bobs role as a father changed. When Shirley went back to work, I had to change my role and start to do more cooking, driving the children here and there. When our children were growing up, I took a lot of interest in them, what they were doing.,I think in many ways, I was probably

29、better prepared for the changing roles that I have had to take by my father. We did many things together, and I tried to get them involved in other areas that they seem to show interest in, such as theater or magic. He did a great deal more than I think many fathers, I mean, I can think of childhood

30、 friends whose fathers, you know were running businesses who, participated almost at, not at all in their development. I think I had a role model. I remember David was interested in, he got very interested in magic and juggling, and he was an avid reader. As a young man, David loved magic. But he pu

31、rsued a career as a biochemist. Before having children, David spent 40 hours per week studying cellular DNA in a research lab.,And his wife Diane spent 40 hours a week working as a lawyer at Washington DC. After the girls were born, David and Diane both cut back on their hours in order to take care

32、of their daughters. As a research scientist, Davids schedule was more flexible, so he took on more responsibility for the childrens day to day care. Well I have been able to adjust my schedule so that I can be home at 5 oclock for the kids and if the children are sick, be able to come home, take the

33、m to the doctors. We go for a walk, we take the dogs up the street, go to the park, hang out at the park. And then we head back to the house and begin preparing dinner. Since Bob retired 10 years ago, he has been enjoying his role as a grandfather.,Hes been traveling with his wife Shirley and hes be

34、en playing tennis. Meanwhile David is just beginning his journey as a father in a new era. It can be difficult, especially when, you know, youre taking on new roles for the first time. And it can be, it can be disconcerting and it can be more comfortable to take on those traditional roles. I have, I

35、 think I have many more responsibilities than even most fathers do today, and certainly more I think than my father was raising his children. But the difference is not the sort of classical role reversal. Im not a stay-at-home dad. We have an excellent babysitter who has allowed us, allow both my wi

36、fe and I the opportunity to continue pursuing our career. Well there are many differences in how David and Bob have raised their children, there are many important similarities.,Language and culture 1,To get is informal for to understand someone or something, for example, Do you get it? Do you get t

37、he message? Get this is a signal that the speaker is about to say something interesting, surprising or newsworthy, which you need to understand or receive.,Listening and understanding,2 Listen to Passage 1. Work in pairs and complete the factfile.,American,Psychology,20,Five,22,June,Listening and un

38、derstanding,3 Listen to Passage 1 again and answer the questions.,1 What question does the chat show host want to discuss in the programme? 2 What happened to the girls when they were born? 3 How do the girls meet?,Which is more important, your family environment or your genes.,They were separated a

39、nd adopted by different families.,A friend of both of theirs insists they meet.,4) What do we learn about the girls adoptive fathers? 5) What do we learn about the girls boyfriends? 6) What are we told about a dream? 7) What do we learn about Josh and his brother? 8) What does research tell us accor

40、ding to the host?,Both their adoptive fathers died when they were children.,Their boyfriends look alike and have similar names.,They have the same recurring dream.,They are identical twins and are going out with two sisters.,Genes decide 50 per cent of who we are and our environment decides the othe

41、r 50 per cent.,Host: Theres a question thats been argued about for a long time. Which is more important, your family environment or your genes? Well, a story has come up in the news about identical twins, separated at birth. Theyve just been reunited and guess what , there are some amazing coinciden

42、ces in their life stories. Heres the story. two American girls called Tamara and Adriana were separated at birth and adopted by two different sets of parents. And this is where the coincidences begin. Both families ended up living 25 miles apart. Both girls decided to study psychology at universitie

43、s that are only a mile apart from each other. Isnt that strange? And this girl, whos a friend of both of them, insists they meet. Just before they meet, Adrianas mother tells her that she has a twin sister.,Can you imagine how that must feel when youre 20 years old, to learn you have a twin? And whe

44、n the girls meet, its like looking in a mirror, they are identical. Now get this! Both Tamara and Adrianas adoptive fathers died when the girls were children. Both girls fell through glass doors at the age of five, thats hard to believe, isnt it? Their boyfriends look alike and have similar names Al

45、ex and Adam. An this is the best part - both of them have the same recurring dream. Isnt that incredible they have the same dream. I think its an amazing story. So, for all those of you out there who have comments, and Im sure you do, the lines are open. Ok, weve got Josh on the line, hi, Josh. Hi!

46、So, what do you make of this story?,Its a great story but it doesnt surprise me at all, Im an identical twin. You are? Yeah, my brothers called Toby, and were 22, and were going out with two sisters and were having a double wedding next June. Congratulations! So, what do you think, is it our genes t

47、hat decide who we are? These kinds of stories seem to suggest it. Well, Im not a scientist but I think so. Research tells us that its about fifty fifty. I disagree. Thanks Josh. Ok, our next caller is,Listening and understanding,1 We all recognize that its one of the most selfless things a person ca

48、n do, _ to someone, but as the operation becomes safer and safer, _ people are doing it. 2 We talked to two sisters who have had the experience Henrietta Longmore, a journalist aged 40, married with one son, and her sister, Teresa Parker, _, married with two children. 3 She was the big sister and sh

49、e was _ to us younger kids.,to give a kidney,more and more,aged 38,just like a mother,6 Listen to Passage 2, Part 1 and complete the sentences.,Listening and understanding,4 Then we shared a flat and had a lot of _. 5 I felt very protective of my brother and sisters because, _, our parents were alwa

50、ys so busy. 6 Henrietta got kidney failure _, but for several years she was fine and seemed quite healthy. 7 The hospital was brilliant and I really did feel fine, _.,the same friends,like Teresa says,five years ago,most of the time,Listening and understanding,7 Listen to Passage 2, Part 2 and answe

51、r the questions.,1 When did Henrietta become very ill? 2 What was Teresas reaction? 3 What reassured Teresa and her family? 4 What dont people know about kidney transplants?,She became very ill a year ago.,She was terrified and decided to find out more about giving Henrietta a kidney.,The hospital r

52、eassured them.,People only need ten per cent of one kidney to be completely healthy.,Listening and understanding,7 Listen to Passage 2, Part 2 and answer the questions.,5 Why did Teresa get better so fast after the operation? 6 How does Henrietta feel about Teresa? 7 What would Teresa like to do now

53、?,She got better so fast, because she knew shed done something worthwhile and felt very good.,She feels very grateful.,Shed like to do something that no one knows about.,Part 1,Kidney transplants are of two kinds- transplants from dead people and living transplants, transplants from people who are a

54、live. Mostly the donor, the person who gives the kidney, is a relative- a parent, brother or sister. We all recognize that its one of the most selfless things a person can do, to give a kidney to someone, but as the operation becomes safer and safer, more and more people are doing it. We talked to t

55、ow sisters who have had the experience, Henrietta Longmore, a journalist aged 40, married with one son and her sister, Teresa Parker, aged 38, married with two children. They come from a family with four children. Heres their story.,Henrietta and I were close as children. She was the big sister and she was just like a mother to us younger kids. Our parents were both doctors and our