1、Revision of ing participle as Adverbial,II. -ing 分詞作狀語（Adverbial)的要點： 分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語一致。 分詞短語作狀語時，有時前面可帶一個連詞，表示強調(diào)或出于表達需要，常用 的連詞有：when, while, if, (al)though, whether, or, unless, as if/though等。,1伴隨狀語（Adverbial of attending circumstances）,They came in, singing and laughing.,2時間狀語（Adverbial of time）,Hav

2、ing finished the homework/After finishing the homework,he turned on the TV.,When/While climbing the mountain, he broke his glasses.,方式狀語（Adverbial of way ）,He came running into the classroom.,I-ing participle作狀語時的形式：,一般式,完成式,完成進行式,主動語態(tài),被動語態(tài),doing,being done,having done,having been done,having been d

3、oing,1,4. 原因狀語（Adverbial of cause ）,Having failed twice, he didnt want to try again.,5. 條件狀語 ( Adverbial of condition),Turning to the right, you will find a path.,6. 結(jié)果狀語（Adverbial of result）,He did his homework carelessly, making a lot of mistakes.(自然的或必然的結(jié)果),區(qū)別：He hurried to the station only to fi

4、nd the train had gone.(意想不到的結(jié)果),7.讓步狀語（Adverbial of concession）,(Though) working as hard as he could, he could not pass the exam.,Iing Participle 作定語的形式：,（單個分詞做定語時，一般放在被修飾的名詞前）：,doing,*The swimming boy is my brother.,The ing Participle as Attributive,1前置,2,注意：有些分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。,試區(qū)別：,moving 感人的 inspiring 鼓舞

5、人心的 disappointing 令人失望的 moved 受感動的 inspired 受鼓舞的 disappointed 感到失望的,a frightening voice a frightened voice,記一記：,English-speaking countries, a paper-making machine, spoken English,（分詞短語做定語時，放在被修飾的名詞后）：,doing, being done,*The children playing outside are in Class Two.,*Tea, being a universal drink in

6、many countries, is still carefully prepared.,*Most of the people working in the factory are young people.,*The television being repaired now was bought ten years ago.,2后置,令人害怕的語調(diào),從語調(diào)中聽出說話人感到害怕,3,II-ing分詞作定語時與謂語動詞的時間關(guān)系：,1. ing 分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。,*經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作：,*正在發(fā)生的動作：,The man running over there

7、 is our chairman.,=The man who is running over there is our chairman.,*Where is the old woman selling eggs?,=Where is the old woman who sells eggs?,2. 如果一個分詞既要表達進行意義，又要表達被動意義，則用-ing的被動式:,The question being discussed is important.,=The question that is being discussed is important.,being done,4,3. 如果

8、分詞要表示動作是主動的，又在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，則要用定語從句表示。,*The man coming yesterday comes again.,(),*The man having come yesterday comes again.,(),*The man who came yesterday comes again.,(),*The students （參加會議的）will arrive here tomorrow.,4. 要表示定語的動作在謂語動作之后發(fā)生, 則要用不定式或定語從句表示 將要發(fā)生的動作。,a. 如果定語既要表示尚未發(fā)生的/將來的動作又要表示被動意義, 則用 不定式的被

9、動式：,to be done,You are welcome to the party to be given in our class.,b. 不定式作定語時，與修飾詞一般有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系：,I have a lot of words to say.,(完成式having done/having been done不可做限制定語),to attend the meeting (who will attend the meeting),5,5. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的動作正在進行或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；,the sleeping dog,the sleeping bag,(the dog that is sleeping),(the bag for sleeping),動名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途。,6. 過去分詞（done）作定語表示與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系，分詞的動作已完成， 但并不強調(diào)先于謂語動作。,切記不可誤寫作：having been done,I cant find my lost pen.,=I cant find my pen which is lost.