1、Thomas Hardy (1840-1928):,Learning focus:,Hardys life, works, writing style Appreciate Tess of the DUrbervilles Analyze the causes of Tess tragedy,Life and works: p.258,Hardy is a transitional figure from critical realism to modernism. He is a poet and regional novelist, whose works depict the imagi

2、nary county “Wessex”. (威塞克斯) Hardy set his “Novels of Character and Environment”. (環(huán)境小說(shuō)與性格小說(shuō)). Hardys work reflected his social pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.,Hardys career as writer spanned over fifty years. His major works are: A Pair of Blue Eyes 一雙湛藍(lán)的眼睛 Under the Greenwood Tree 綠蔭

3、下 Far from the Madding Crowd 遠(yuǎn)離塵囂 The Return of the Native 還鄉(xiāng) The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng) Tess of the DUrbervilles 德伯家的苔絲 Jude the Obscure 無(wú)名的裘德,The Hardy Familys Cottage,The novelist was born in the room indicated by the upper left window. In his study (centre window) he wrote both Under the G

4、reenwood Tree and Far From the Madding Crowd.,The Lower Bockhampton Schoolhouse, which Hardy attended as a boy before going to school in nearby Dorchester. He used it as Fancy Days Mellstock schoolhouse in Under the Greenwood Tree,Thomas Hardys Grave, Stinsford Churchyard,Tess of the DUrbervilles,Re

5、ad the story on p.260 and get the main idea: The poor village girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by the wealthy Alec DUberville. She becomes pregnant but the child dies in infancy. Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare, a clergymans son, who marries her. When Tess

6、 tells Angel about her past, he hypocritically deserts her. Tess becomes Alecs mistress. Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but finds her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she is arrested and hanged.,貧苦的農(nóng)村姑娘苔絲（Tess）遭到富人亞雷（Alec）的奸污，生了孩子，可周圍輿論卻認(rèn)為是她的“罪過(guò)”。 后來(lái)，苔絲在新婚之夜向她深摯

7、地愛(ài)著的新郎克萊(Angel Clare)講述了自己的遭遇，“思想開(kāi)通”的克萊竟立即遺棄了她。 苔絲為生計(jì)所迫，不得不接受亞雷的條件，和他同居。這時(shí)克萊反悔，從外國(guó)回來(lái)想和苔絲言歸于好。絕望中的苔絲覺(jué)得是亞雷摧毀了她的一生的幸福，把亞雷殺死，自己也被判處了死刑。,Questions for group discussion :,1.The subtitle of the tragic novel is “A Pure Woman” . What do you think of the heroine Tess? Is she a pure woman in your opinion? (And

8、 what do you think of the phenomenon of cohabitation in todays society?) 2. What are the causes of Tess tragedy?,Tess:,According to the Victorian morality,she was not only a fallen woman but a murderess as well. She is certainly a tragic figure, but over the course of the tale she is clearly ennobled by her sufferings.,The causes of Tess tragedy,王蕾-論文終稿.doc,苔絲的文學(xué)地位與寫作特色：,苔絲作為哈代小說(shuō)的代表作，正是他小說(shuō)作品思想藝術(shù)上的集大成者。這部小說(shuō)的人物塑造、心理刻畫(huà)、情節(jié)構(gòu)思、風(fēng)物描繪都高超妙遠(yuǎn)，從而使整個(gè)作品具有強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)感染力；特別是苔絲這個(gè)女性人物形象，已經(jīng)成為世界文學(xué)畫(huà)廊中耀眼的一員。,雖然作者本人把苔絲的遭遇解釋成是命運(yùn)的捉弄，但由于采取了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的表現(xiàn)手法，客觀地反映了現(xiàn)實(shí)，使讀者清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到正是虛偽的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)道德風(fēng)尚造成苔絲