1、The use of “It”, 1.it作人稱代詞 1.1.it的最基本用法是作人稱代詞，主要指剛提到 的事物，以避免重復(fù): Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it? 1.2.也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 1.3.也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that,2.非人稱代詞it it有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it： 2.1.指天氣： It is a lovely

2、 day, isnt it?It is a bit windy. 2.2.指時(shí)間:It was nearly midnight when she came back. 2.3.指環(huán)境:It was very quiet in the caf.,2.4.指距離： It is half an hours walk to the city centre.,.引導(dǎo)詞it1. It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that .,使用該句型有以下幾點(diǎn)請(qǐng)注意： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語(yǔ)is或was永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù). It was yesterday that I met your father in the street,不管被強(qiáng)

3、調(diào)部分是哪種狀語(yǔ)，只能用that連接，不得使用where、when等連詞. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí)，可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that，用that也行。 It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中 也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉(zhuǎn)移的問(wèn)題。 It is the

4、y who are our friends It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night,注意不要混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。It is wasthat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句標(biāo)志，去掉后仍可組成一個(gè)完整的句子，只是沒(méi)被強(qiáng)調(diào),而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比較： 1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night我們昨晚到家時(shí)已十點(diǎn)了。2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我們昨晚是在十點(diǎn)到家的。,要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)拔,第一句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，when不可改為

5、that,因?yàn)槿サ鬷t was和that后，只能組成“We got home ten oclock last night”這樣一個(gè)不完整的句子；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，that不可改為when,2. It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)直到才，可以說(shuō)是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off

6、her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,3. it 用作形式主語(yǔ) 3.1 代替主語(yǔ)從句 1）It is + adj. +that從句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain.) that . “清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）” It is very clear that hes round and tall l

7、ike a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . that 后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。 It is important that we (should) learn English well.,2）.It is +v-ed +that 從句 It is said (reported， learned.) that . 據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijin

8、g. . It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以??；常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.,3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種

9、意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill.,4). It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯 It is time that children went to bed. It is the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次”。 It is t

10、he first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.,5). It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen ， seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來(lái),3.2.作形式

11、主語(yǔ)替代不定式 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花費(fèi)某人 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。 常見(jiàn)的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of yo

12、u to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常見(jiàn)的形容詞有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在中的形容詞作表語(yǔ)可以用從句改寫， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the p

13、arty.,It is no good (use ) doing sth. 該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.,3.3.作形式主語(yǔ)替代ing形式,4. It 作形式賓語(yǔ). We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句

14、型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為6123結(jié)構(gòu)。 6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it； 2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish

15、 their work in two days.,五、特殊句型 1). It is . since .。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 2). It is . when .。 “當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是” It was 5 oclock when he came here.,3). It be . before . 該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間， 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)，常譯為“之后”。 It was 3 day

16、s before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job.,4）. It looks ( seems ) as if . 該句型中it無(wú)意義， as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為，看起來(lái)好象如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （沒(méi)有生?。?It seemed as if he were dying,5）. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 該句型中whether(if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語(yǔ)，該句型常譯為不論（是否）沒(méi)關(guān)系。It doesnt matter if they are old.,6）make it 及時(shí)趕到;成功;辦成 You can make it if you hurry. You neednt worry; he will make it.,7）catch it 被責(zé)罵; 受處罰 If I come home lat