1、翻譯常用的八種技巧,常用的翻譯技巧,1. 重復(fù)法 (repetition) 2. 增譯法 (amplification) 3. 減譯法 (omission) 4. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)移法 (conversion) 5. 詞序調(diào)整法 (inversion) 6. 分譯法 (division) 7. 正說反譯, 反說正譯法 (negation) 8. 語態(tài) 變換法 (the change of the voices),1. 重復(fù)法,漢語重復(fù),英譯時(shí)也重復(fù); 根據(jù)兩種語言各自的習(xí)慣用法,以不同的表達(dá)方式進(jìn)行重復(fù),這種重復(fù)通常是為了傳達(dá)原文的生動(dòng)性.,We have to analyze and solve pr

2、oblems. 我們要分析問題，解決問題。 Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我們來修改安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace - but there is no peace. 先生們盡管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然沒有和平。 Nels had it all written out neatly. 納爾斯把它寫得清清楚楚。,這種人鬧什么東西呢?鬧名譽(yù),鬧地位,鬧出風(fēng)頭。 What are they after? They are after name, after position,

3、 and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的難處。 A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天蒼蒼,野茫茫,風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.,4. 尋尋覓覓,冷冷清請,凄凄慘慘戚戚;乍暖還寒時(shí)侯,最難將息。 (譯文1） Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, c

4、old; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （譯文2） I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （許淵沖譯）,5. 青青河邊草, 郁郁園中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The will

5、ow shoots are long and lank.,2. 增譯法,為了使譯文忠實(shí)地表達(dá)原文的意思與風(fēng)格并使譯文合乎表達(dá)習(xí)慣,必須增加一些詞語,這就叫增譯法. 增詞義增加虛詞為多，也可酌量增加實(shí)詞。 英譯漢時(shí)經(jīng)常增加的詞有結(jié)構(gòu)詞、數(shù)量詞、概念詞、語氣詞等。 從增補(bǔ)的功能來看，可以分為結(jié)構(gòu)增補(bǔ)、意義增補(bǔ)和修辭增補(bǔ)。,I am looking forward to the holidays. 我們等待假日的到來。 Much of our morality is customary. 我們大部分的道德觀念都有習(xí)慣性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a

6、ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人精確。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。,沒有調(diào)查研究就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。 He who makes no investigation and study has

7、no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰:“學(xué)而不思則罔, 思而不學(xué)則殆?！?Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虛心使人進(jìn)步, 驕傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.,4. 交出翻譯之前,必須讀幾遍,看看有沒有要

8、修改的地方. 這樣你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只許州官放火, 不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。 The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden ev

9、en to light lamps.,(One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.) 6. 班門弄斧 Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 7. 三個(gè)臭皮匠, 頂個(gè)諸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. 8. 留得青山在, 不怕沒柴燒。 So long as gre

10、en hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.,9. Air pressure decreases with altitude. 氣壓隨海拔（高度的增加而）下降。 10. Air is a mixture of gases. 空氣是（多種）氣體的混合物。,3. 減譯法,增譯法的反面 減譯法是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來,因?yàn)樽g文中雖無其詞而已有其意,或者在譯文中是不言而喻的; 減譯法是刪去一些可有可無的, 或者有了反而累贅或違背譯文習(xí)慣表達(dá)法的詞, 并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。,省譯和增補(bǔ)是相輔相成的兩種翻譯技巧。

11、省譯可分為結(jié)構(gòu)省譯和精煉壓縮。 所謂結(jié)構(gòu)省譯是由于英漢兩種語言在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異造成的。在英譯漢時(shí)經(jīng)常省略的詞有代詞、系詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、先行詞等。 作主語和定語的人稱代詞以及做定語的物主代詞均可省譯。 如果把結(jié)構(gòu)省譯看作是消極的省譯手段，那么精煉壓縮則是積極的省譯手段，前者明顯，后者隱晦。,A book is useful. 書（是）有用（的）。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 On Sundays we have no school. 禮拜天我們不上學(xué)。 If you write him, the response would be abs

12、olute silence and void. 你寫信給他，總是石沉大海。 A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聰明的人是不會(huì)娶有才無德的女子為妻的。,A square has four equal sides. 正方形有四條相等的邊。 正方形四邊相等。 You buy stamps at a post office. You 是泛指的人稱代詞，譯時(shí)可省略 （陳述事實(shí)）郵票在郵局買。,我們要培養(yǎng)分析問題、 解決問題的能力。 We must cultivate the ability to an

13、alyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾說: “中國人歷來是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” 3. 他們?yōu)閲易龅氖? 比我們所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have.,4. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法,英

14、譯漢時(shí)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的核心是根據(jù)需要將具有動(dòng)作性的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動(dòng)詞，或者將可表示概念的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語名詞。 漢譯英時(shí)則反其道而行之。,For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 學(xué)習(xí)寫作的人若能意識到各種文化在修辭模式上的差別，則有助于他們迅速掌握對他們

15、來說是外在的寫作模式。,In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。 The music is a gas. 這音樂妙極了。 Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那時(shí)已受挫折。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. . 他們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。 This experiment is a great success. 這次實(shí)驗(yàn)是極為成功的。,1) 語言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的, 非下苦功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少說空話,多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more