1、語法框架圖,一、句法： 1、按使用目的分： 陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句. 2、按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分: 簡單句 五種基本句型 并列句 復(fù)合句 定語從句 狀語從句 名詞性從句（ 主語、 賓語、表語、同位語從句）,3、倒裝句 (全部倒裝 部分倒裝） 4、虛擬語氣 （三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)以及錯綜條件句） 5、非謂語動詞 （功能，尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞與過 去分詞的用法） 6、主謂一致,句法知識,Step 1,句子的種類,（一）按使用目的可分為:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句.,1）陳述句:說明一個事實或陳述一種看法. 光比聲速度快. 這部電影很乏味.,Light travels faster than sound. （

2、說明事實）,The film is rather boring. （說明看法）,2）疑問句:提出問題,有以下四種: A. 一般疑問句: 你能按時完成工作嗎？ B. 特殊疑問句: 什么使得你如此傷心？ 你怎么知道那件事？ C. 選擇疑問句: 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ D. 反意疑問句: 他不認(rèn)識她,對不對？,Can you finish the work in time?,How do you know that?,Do you want tea or coffee?,He doesnt know her, does he?,What made you so upset?,3）祈使句:提出請求,建議

3、或發(fā)出命令，省略主語you的句子。,Work hard, and you will succeed.,4）感嘆句:表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒.由how 和what引導(dǎo),好好干，你就會成功的。,多好的消息??！,What good news it is!,How good the news is!,（二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為:簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句.,1）簡單句:只含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu). 她喜歡集郵.,2）并列句:含兩或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu),句間由并列連詞或分號 連接. 食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口.,3）復(fù)合句:含一個主句和一個或幾個從句,從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo). 我們到達(dá)電影院的時候,電影已經(jīng)開演了.

4、,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good, but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,簡 單 句,1）主+動（SV）,2）主+系 +表（SVP）,3）主+動 +賓（SVO）,4）主+動 +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd）,5）主+動 +賓 +補(bǔ)（SVOC）,6）There be 句型,六種基本句型,You are sitting on the train home. There comes the bus ! The egos p

5、otential for expansion is limitless. Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships. There existed a nation in the ocean. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday. We think it our duty to study well.,主+動（SV）,主+動（SV）,主+系 +表（SVP）,主+動 +賓（SVO）,There be 句型,主+動 +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd）,主+動 +賓

6、 +補(bǔ)（SVOC）,判斷下列句子屬于何種句式,Exercises,What lovely children are ! What a fine weather it is ! There used to have an old temple over there. Come here a moment, do you? To try some of this juice- perhaps youll like it . May you happy! Tom, cleans the window this afternoon. He looked sad at me.,改錯：,they are

7、!,be,will,be happy !,clean,sadly,（三）基本句型:英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的:,1）主+動（SV） I work.,2）主+系 +表（SVP） Things are getting better. She turned doctor. 表狀態(tài)存在的系動詞：be, seem, appear, prove, look, smell, taste, sound, feel 表狀態(tài)延續(xù)：remain, stay, keep, continue 表狀態(tài)變化：become, grow, get, come, go, turn,3

8、）主+動 +賓（SVO） She studies English.,4）主+動 +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd） My mother made me a new dress. 雙及物動詞有：give, send, teach, bring, show, tell, make, sing, sell, read etc.,5）主+動 +賓 +補(bǔ)（SVOC） I saw him come into the house yesterday. 能帶賓補(bǔ)的動詞： 1）感官動詞：see, watch, look at, observe, notice, feel, find, hear, listen to

9、 2）使讓動詞：have, make, let, get, force 3）其它：want, wish expect, allow, permit, forbid, ask, order, advise etc.,1 英語句子必須有謂語動詞。 他像他爸爸。 這本書值得一讀。 我反對你的意見。,五種基本句型的推導(dǎo)：,2 一個句子內(nèi)有且只有一個動詞充當(dāng)謂語（并列謂語除外），其余動詞應(yīng)為非謂語或從句的謂語。 他給我一些水喝。,He is like his father.,The book is worth reading.,Im against you.,He gave me some water

10、to drink.,3 英語的任何句子都由五種基本句型構(gòu)成。它是我們判斷句子正確與否的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是英語寫作、閱讀的基礎(chǔ)。 4 注意基本句型與習(xí)慣表達(dá)。 今天我玩得很開心。 時間不夠了。,Today I played happily.,I had a good time today.,Time was not enough.,We had not enough time.,Revision,1. 把下列簡單句按基本句型分類：,No body is here. / 2. He passed me a cup of tea. / 3. Tom doesnt know the pop star. / 4.

11、My mother stays at home. / 5. The milk tastes good. / 6. The car caught fire. / 7. The teacher has told me the fact. / 8. He is reading a book. / 9. He gave me a lecture yesterday. / 10. She is very friendly./ 11. I can swim. / 12. I have had a good time / 13. I found him talking. / 14. This English

12、 book is very interesting.,主 + 謂 ：（ ） 主 + 謂 + 賓 ：（ ） 主 + 系 + 表 ： ( ) 主 + 謂 + 雙賓 ：( ) 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ) ：( ),4, 11,3, 6, 8, 12,1, 5, 10, 14,2, 7, 9,13,2. 更正下列句子的錯誤,1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a

13、book to me.,1. He came into the room 2. The music sounds wonderful 3. I have seen the film. 4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me .,3. 翻譯下列句子并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：,1. 我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。 2. 瑪麗是個聰明的學(xué)生。 3. 我的老師交給我一封信 4. 我母親經(jīng)常叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。 5. 我們叫我們的老師王先生 6. 他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)。,1. I o

14、ften read English in the morning.,2. Mary is a clever student.,3. My teacher gave me a letter.,4. My mother often asks me to study hard.,5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang.,6. He is doing his homework in the room.,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 謂 + 雙賓,主+ 謂 + 賓 +賓補(bǔ),主+ 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ),主 + 謂 + 賓,并 列 句,把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連

15、接起來的句子。,四種類型,1. 由and, not only but also, neithernor, then連接；表同等概念。,Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want reduced hours.,2. 由eitheror, or, otherwise等連接；表選擇,Either she leaves or I will.,3. 由but, still, yet, however, while, when, whereas, nevertheless 等連接；表轉(zhuǎn)折。,My mother likes c

16、offee while my father likes tea.,4. 由so, for, therefore 等連接；表因果。,He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were failing.,注意邏輯關(guān)系,1. Give him an inch hell take an ell. A. but B. and C. for D. so 2. did the students dance, their teacher sang. A. Neither or B. Either or C. Bothand D. Not onlybut also

17、3. Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster. A. and B. while C. but D. yet 4. We must get up early tomorrow, well miss the first bus to the Great. A. however B. but C. or D. so,6. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time. 7. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _you will