1、Lesson 5 if the verdict is guilty, the judge will give the sentence.,Court System,Jurisdiction司法: by the Highest Court, the High Court, the Middle Court, the district courts, the lower courts Legislation立法: by the Congress, hearings聽證會 The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved “ guilty”

2、 beyond a reasonable doubt. In many jurisdictions, the majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty of a felony. A trial does not aim at discovering who commit a particular crime, but rather the innocence or guilt of the accused. The system is not infallible and can be quite preca

3、rious.,A criminal court,A criminal court is a court of law which hears cases brought by the state against a person or a corporation which has violated a criminal law enacted by the legislature.,Police,Scotland Yard 倫敦警察廳 NYPD, LAPD police department 警察局 FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation Sheriff (美

4、)縣治安官 Police officer 區(qū)分： Security guard 保安, Firefighters, fire brigade, Court-martial 軍事法庭, international tribunal 國際法庭,III. Pre-class Questions,1.Why do you think the author gives “The Twelve Angry Men” as the title of the play? 2. Try to analyze the characteristics of each juror and witness. 3. Tr

5、y to retell the story of killing in your own words.,A boy charged with murdering his father（p1）,Notice that we say“ to be charged with”, but “to be accused of”. Notice also that “to charge” means to state officially that someone is guilty of a crime.,Now you fellows can handle this any way you want.

6、(P2),any way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manner anyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of that; in any case -Im going _, no matter what you say. -You can do it _ you want. I dont care. I just want the result. -Well, _, its too late to do anything now. -He is desperate. He

7、 has to find that money _.,Preliminary (a. showing good sense a sensible man She is very sensible of the trouble. It would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action. It is very sensible of you to take his advice.,Allege (P60),斷言，宣稱，硬說 The newspaper s the mayors guilt. He i

8、s d to have demanded a ransom of one million. 作為理由，借口或論據(jù)等提出 He d illness as a reason for not going to work. Alleged: an alleged thief竊賊嫌疑 an alleged friend所謂的朋友,Ok, lets get to the point (p 65),Lets get to the point: lets talk about the most important part of the problem. Admitted buying: We can say

9、 “admit to doing sth” Linglu has admitted stealing the books from Changjin.,Admit (p65) : confess,admit (followed by gerund) -Will you admit breaking the window? = Would you admit that you have broken the window? admit (followed by infinitive) -We all admit him to be foolish. -A fuel leak is now adm

10、itted to have been the cause of the trouble. other collocations -He admitted his guilt/crime. -He admitted to the murder/shoplifting.,You pulled a real bright trick (P76),Her tears were just a trick to deceive others.（詭計） Our children used to play tricks on us.（捉弄） card tricks （撲克牌魔術(shù)） magic tricks （

11、魔術(shù)） Dont play dirty tricks on me.（卑鄙手段） Hows trick? (colloq) （混得如何）,A ballot(paper) is a system of voting or an occasion when you vote on a piece of paper on to write your decision. Eg. Representatives were elected by ballot. Eg. They decide to hold a ballot. Eg. Lets put it to the ballot.,Ballot,We

12、ll stay here and talk it out.(p84),talk it out: discuss it thoroughly until we reach a final decision. Out: thoroughly, completely, so as to be finished Compare: I had to sit out that boring performance. Please hear me out. Time is running out. The fire went out. They seemed to be determined to figh

13、t it out.,In-Class Translation Exercises Lets play the match out. Clean out the room. Im tired out. I had to sit out that boring performance. Please hear me out. The oil in the heater is running out. The wind blew the candles out. The lease is already out. He will be back before the month is out. Le

14、ts try and sort out this mess.,比賽到底,徹底打掃干凈,聽我講完,筋疲力盡,租約已到期,堅持看完,暖氣爐的油快用光了,月底,風(fēng)吹熄了燭火,徹底分類,Lesson six,But supposing he really did hear this phrase, how many times have all of you used it?(p2),Supposing: in spoken English, we can use “suppose”. Suppose your close friend were crazy about 后舍男孩, what woul

15、d you say？,Why did he leave it there in the first place?(p13),In the first place. e.g. If these programs make you so upset, why do you listen to them in the first place? If you dont care about your children, why do you have them in the first place? You say that you just dont like to talk. Then you s

16、houldnt have chosen language study as your career in the first place.,assume (assumption) (P14),假定,臆斷 I assume that you have heard the news. He d the report (to be)valid. Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather is favorable. 承擔(dān)，就職 an obligation, the premiership 呈現(xiàn)，采取，采用 The s

17、ituation d a threatening character. a realistic attitude / a false name 假裝 ignorance奪取power/control of the city,assume, presume, deduce, infer Presume: to take upon oneself without leave or warrant; to take for granted; to act or behave with undue boldness Deduce: to derive by reasoning推論；演繹 Infer:

18、to derive a conclusion fr facts; guess (1)The missing person is _ dead after four days of the mine explosion. (2)The date of the document can be _ from references to the Civil War. (1)presumed (2)deduced / inferred,See to it that(p15):make sure注意，務(wù)必做到，保證,Well see (to it) that she gets home early. Se

19、e (to it) that you are not late again.,Risk doing sth(p17): risk + gerund,They are willing to risk taking the ship through the straits. Pregnant women who are heavy drinkers risk damaging the unborn fetus. risk a glance/ severe penalties/ my own life Be at risk, at the risk of, run the risk of, at t

20、heir own risk,theres enough doubt that we can wonder if he was there at all.there is enough doubt so that(p17),“if” in this sense and “whether” can almost be used interchangeably except for two situations: When followed by “to do”, only “whether” is used. When followed by “or not”, only “whether is

21、used I dont know whether to laugh or cry. He could not decide whether he should take the offer or not.,Bear (sth. or sb.) out (p33) confirm (sth) ; support (sb.),John will bear me out / bear out what I have said. Evidence bears out the idea that students learn best in small groups.,Take the cake(p43

22、)=take the biscuit (Bre): to be worse /better than anything you can imagine 前所未有的最壞或最好的；令人驚訝,Ive heard some pretty dumb ideas, but yours takes the cake! We have met quite a number of stupid men, but you take the cake.,Let sth slip (through ones fingers) (p47) to not taken an opportunity, offer, etc.

23、; fail to grasp 沒掌握住，沒抓住,Dont let chance like that slip through your fingers! If we let him slip through our fingers this time, it is almost impossible to find him again.,Dont give me that! Im sick and tired of facts.(p55),Dont give me that kind of argument. I dont need it. 別來這一套！ To be sick and tir

24、ed of: to be completely fed up with. = be sick to death of sth He is sick and tired of working for other people and intends to open his own business. You are dismissed! Im sick and tired of your excuses.,You still dont think theres room for reasonable doubt?(p59),“Room” here means an opportunity or

25、possibility. E.g. There is still room for improvement. The evidence is very strong and leaves no room for doubt.,reasonable doubt,reasonable doubt refers to the doubt that could arise in the mind of an ordinary impartial, honest, reasonable and cautious person with reference to an accuseds guilt. In

26、 criminal cases, a judicial finding of guilt, that is, a verdict of guilt, requires that evidence provided indicates beyond reasonable doubt, or to a moral certainty, that the defendant committed the crime,He comes here running for his life. And now, before he can take a deep breath, hes telling us

27、how to run the show. The arrogance of this guy. (p62),Juror No. 11 is a new immigrant, or even a political refugee. He came to America to escape persecution, but now before he can breathe at ease, he is telling us Americans how to do everything. The arrogance of this guy is really sth. To run the sh

28、ow: to be in charge of everything.,The knife,(No.8) I am just saying that it is possible that the boy lost the knife, and somebody else killed his father with a similar knife. (No.4) Take a look at that knife. It is a very unusual knife. I have never seen one like it.,The knife,(No.3) OK, lets get t

29、o the point. What about the switch blade they found in the old guys chest, the knife this fine boy admitted buying on the night of the killing . Lets talk about it.,So I guess Ill have to break the tie.(p99),break the tie: put an end to the situation in which those who vote yes and those who vote no

30、 are even in number. tie: (the result of) a game, election, etc., in which each competitor gains an exactly equal number of points, votes, etc -The election/game ended in a tie. We tied our opposing team. 我們和對方(球)隊打成平局,In question (p148),1) be doubtful Im afraid his honesty is now in question. Since

31、 their source of income is in question, wed better look into the matter soon. 2) being discussed The matter in question concerns the welfare of the whole company. Where were you during the evening in question?,Be entitled to(p164): have the right to,The success of the Chinese space capsuleDivine Ves

32、sel VIIhas entitled China to a peaceful exploration of space. You are entitled to withdraw cash at two bank branches of your choice.,Summary of the reasonable doubt in the play:,a: Juror No.2 - the downward angle of the stab wound. First, the boy was shorter than his father. Second, anyone who was h

33、andy with the switch knife like the boy would use it underhand. The boy wouldnt have stabbed down. b: No.9 - the eyesight of the old lady. She had marks on the sides of her nose which could only be made by eyeglasses. As no one wears glasses in bed, she couldnt have identified a person 60 feet away

34、at night without wearing glasses,c: If the boy had killed his father he wouldnt have gone back three hours later to get his knife. And he couldnt have run out in a state of panic because then he would have had to be calm enough to wipe off his fingerprints. d: The fact that the boy couldnt remember

35、the names of the movies he said he saw on the night of the murder couldnt be used as evidence against the boy because when No.8 asked No.4 the names of the two movies he had seen only a couple of days before, he couldt answer accurately.,: A summary of the anonymous characters helps to flesh out the

36、ir characters and backgrounds. The order in which each eventually decides to vote not guilty is given in brackets:,General analysis,Juror #1 : A high-school assistant head coach, doggedly concerned to keep the proceedings formal and maintain authority; easily frustrated and sensitive when someone ob

37、jects to his control; inadequate for the job as foreman, not a natural leader and over-shadowed by Juror # 8s natural leadership 9 Juror #2: A wimpy, balding bank clerk/teller, easily persuaded, meek/humble, hesitant, goes along with the majority, eagerly offers cough drops to other men during tense

38、 times of argument; better memory than # 4 about film title 6,Juror #3: Runs a messenger service, a bullying, rude and husky man, extremely opinionated and biased/prejudiced, completely intolerant, forceful and loud-mouthed, temperamental and vengeful; estrangement from his own teenaged son causes h

39、im to be hateful and hostile toward all young people (and the defendant); arrogant, quick-angered, quick-to-convict, and defiant until the very end 12 Juror #4: Well-educated, smug and conceited, well-dressed stockbroker, wealthy; studious, methodical, possesses an incredible recall and grasp of the

40、 facts of the case; commonsensical, dispassionate, cool-headed and rational, yet stuffy and prim; often displays a stern glare; treats the case like a puzzle to be deductively solved rather than as a case that may send the defendant to death; claims that he never sweats 10,Juror #5: Naive, insecure,

41、 frightened, reserved; has a slum-dwelling upbringing that the case resurrects in his mind; a guilty vote would distance him from his past; 3 Juror #6: A typical working man, dull-witted, experiences difficulty in making up his own mind, a follower; probably a manual laborer or painter; respectful o

42、f older juror and willing to back up his words with fists 4 Juror #7: Clownish, impatient salesman (of marmalade the previous year), a flashy dresser, gum-chewing, baseball fan who wants to leave as soon as possible to attend evening game; uses baseball metaphors and references throughout all his st

43、atements (he tells the foreman to stay in there and pitch); lacks complete human concern for the defendant and for the immigrant juror; extroverted; votes with the majority 7,Juror #8: An architect, instigates/arouses a thoughtful reconsideration of the case against the accused; a liberal-minded, patient truth-and-justice seeker who uses soft-spoken, calm logical reasoning; balanced, decent, courageous, well-spoken and concerned; 1 Juror #9: Eldest man in group, white-haired, thin, retiring; soft-spoken but perceptive, fair-minded; 2 Juror #10: A garage