1、如何培養(yǎng)英語語感提高英語口語水平,廈門大學英文系 紀玉華,唱外國歌,唱中國歌,演小品,語感:講話寫作的基礎(chǔ),那種事我有時也會做。 （英語怎么說？） 靠直覺？I sometimes do that. 靠語法知識？Sometimes I do that. 靠模仿背誦？I do that sometimes. 靠瞎猜？I do sometimes that.,語感是什么？,sense of language 或language sense.韋氏大學詞典： 對語言習慣用法的敏感或?qū)φZ言有效性和得體性的感覺 演講、會話、寫作時感覺是否舒服，表達是否自如、風格是否得體？,胡一虎遇到語感問題,有一次跟大陸合

2、作主持節(jié)目，其中必須用“事業(yè)單位”四個字，他怎么說也感到?jīng)]有感覺，因為臺灣沒這詞，在大陸指國家機關(guān)主辦或政府資助的社會服務(wù)機構(gòu)（institutional organization)。他只好不停地重復直到有了感覺。,阮次山：最自信的時事評論員,中文英文 都欠準確,中國人的英語語感,阮次山問巴基斯坦總統(tǒng)： Are you consider yourself to be the bridge? 阮次山問喬姆斯基： Are they listen to history? 阮次山問基辛格： Is that easier for you to do your work?,竇文濤語感很好，但是,我的時間太

3、忙了。 這場表演，對他起了很重 要的加分。 他親眼記得，普京說：這 是蘇聯(lián)國土，再往前走， 我就開槍。 夫妻之間的相似性太相似了,中國人的英語語感,中央電視臺國際新聞主播 劉欣 You made me curious a lot about the problem of,林語堂及其侄子,在廈大教語音、演講、寫作 大師吸引我到廈大 林疑今：中英文發(fā)言必須看稿,語感的分類,嘴感： 手感： 眼感： 耳感：,判斷口頭語感的標準,發(fā)音？ 流利？ 文法？ 慣用法？ 得體性？ 肢體語言？ 語言和思維的和諧度？,語感can be cultivated,（ 19歲才大膽 說話,三歲講 流利英語,這兩句話她為何怎

4、么也說不好？,My English is getting Better and better. I love listening to Grandpa Beards Stories.,從心理學看語感,Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism (social constructivism),Long live Behaviorism !,蔡少芬和張晉吵架 時,誰說“123”，對方 就必須說“對不起”, 已形成條件反射。 一次在餐館吃飯，鄰 桌有人喊123,他倆就同時說：“對不起。”,Long live cognitivism !,我女兒三歲：Daddy, we

5、 must lock the door, otherwise thieves may steal my toys. 兩歲:你可以把它刀下來嘛. Girl: Somebodys at the door. Mom: Theres nobody at the door. Girl: Theres yesbody at the door.,Long live constructivism!,1997在電視講兒童愛聽的故事，為他們尋找、編寫故事，然后共同表演，學生進步很快。,一種新的心理學理論,循環(huán) 聯(lián)動 心理學,Enactionism,Key words: Operational Closure 運作

6、圈 Structural Coupling 結(jié)構(gòu)匹配,Cultivate英語語感, how？,可理解性輸入 有意義的輸入 有趣味的輸入 身心投入練習 真實交際鞏固,可理解性輸入：大學生,Love is the most overused word in the English language. Most of us are quite confused about the meaning of the word, whether or not we realize it. It doesnt help that you run into it wherever you go: love in

7、 pop songs, in movies, on TV.,可理解性輸入：大學生,So, what is love? The most fascinating, and frustrating, aspect of that question is that there is no simple answer. Love is much more than warm attachment or strong affection. True love, I think, ought to last. But, Is love unconditional?,有意義的輸入,Today is my b

8、irthday. Happy birthday to you. I am so tired. I want to go home. I wish I could speak English as fluently as I speak Chinese. (Meaningful, 跟實際相符。),有意義的輸入,When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: N

9、ever accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on.,可理解有意義的輸入,China is in a tricky situation with college graduates who struggle to find jobs that match their majors after they graduate. Grads are having a hard time in the job market. Many argue that the aggressiv

10、e growth in college enrollments is to blame because it produces too many graduates that society doesnt need. From my perspective, however, there are some deep-rooted problems lying behind this.,有趣味的輸入,(interesting, 學生喜歡的內(nèi)容和形式就是教材編寫者的向?qū)? 我崇拜周恩來、狄更斯、列寧、牛頓 你也許Michael Jackson, Lady Gaga Barrack Obama, 馮

11、小剛 、周立波,周立波愛唱英文歌,Love me tender, love me sweet. Never let me go. You have made my life complete. And I love you so. Love me tender, love me true. All my dreams fulfilled. For, my darling, I love you and I always will. Love me tender, love me long; take me to your heart. For its there that I belong,

12、and well never part.,We all have a family by the name of China, with a lot of brothers and sisters and beautiful sceneries. Staying home are two dragons: the Yangtze and Yellow River, and Mount Zhumulangma is our highest mountain. We all have a family by the name of China, with a lot of brothers and

13、 sisters and beautiful sceneries. Can you see the Great Wall flying through the clouds? Can you see the Tibet Plateau wider than the sky？ Our great China, what a big family! You have experienced lots of wind and rain. Our great Chins, what a big family! Forever and forever, Ill forever stay with you

14、. China, Ill forever bless you from the bottom of my heart. China, Ill forever bless you with my love and devotion.,紀玉華愛中文歌曲英文唱,可理解、有意義、有趣味,Love will die if held too tightly. Love will fly if held too lightly. Friendship often ends in love, But love in friendship - never. You may be one person to th

15、e world. You may be the world to one person. To love is nothing. To be loved is sth. To love and be loved is everything.,可理解但毫無趣味的輸入,For these systems it is necessarily the case that: (a) they may undergo only interactions that either perturb them by triggering in them structural changes that lead t

16、o changes of state or disintegrate them by triggering in them structural changes that lead to their loss of identity; (b) the changes of state they undergo as a result of perturbing interactions are not specified by the properties of the perturbing entities, which only trigger them; (c) the structur

17、al changes they undergo as a result of disintegrating interactions are not specified by the properties of the disintegrating entity, which only trigger them; and (d) their structure, by specifying which relations must arise between their components as a result of their interactions in order to initi

18、ate their triggered changes of state, specifies the configuration of properties that an entity must have in order to interact with them and operate either as a perturbing or as a disintegrating agent.,身心投入練習,University of Maryland teaches Chinese to American students. The teacher sings 兩只老虎 while wa

19、ving all the time her right arm only.（三種教法：1.無動作；2.有無意義動作；3.有形象生動的模仿動作） 兩只老虎，兩只老虎，跑得快，跑得快，一只沒有眼睛，一只沒有耳朵，真奇怪，真奇怪 。,身心投入練習,兩只老虎，兩只老虎，跑得快，跑得快，一只沒有眼睛，一只沒有耳朵，真奇怪，真奇怪 。 There are two tigers. There are two tigers. Running fast, running Fast. One without eyes, the other without ears. Very strange, very stra

20、nge.,身心投入練習,In front of my bed shone the moonlight. I thought it was frost on the floor. Looking up I saw the bright moon. Looking down I missed my hometown. 床前明月光，疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。,身心投入練習,Last week, I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting, but I did not enjoy i

21、t. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors.,身心投入練習,I turned round and looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I cant hear a wo

22、rd,” I said angrily. “Its none of your business,” the young man said rudely, “This is a private conversation. ”,身心投入練習,Tomorrow is Mothers Day, a special moment to express the gratitude, respect and love that we feel all year round. Our mothers give us life; they offer us unconditional love, strong

23、guidance and the sense that we can grow up to do anything we can dream of.,身心投入練習,From our first moments, mothers are our best teachers and most selfless friends. And, like my own mother, whom I miss very much, especially on Mothers Day, they rarely ask for thanks. A mothers main wish is to see her

24、children grow up healthy and happy.,身心投入練習,Mothers hold a special place in our hearts. In return, we owe them the respect and love theyve given us. On Mothers Day, we do so with cards, flowers and gifts, but today and every other day we should also do everything in our power to give our mothers the

25、peace of mind they deeply deserve.,真實交際鞏固,英語角，筆友通信，做口譯，編寫AV故事，寫英語日記等） 講故事表演 參加演講賽（競選,提建議）,一切靠基礎(chǔ), 但要有技巧,隱喻法：音是工人，你是老板 老板必須知道每一個人的脾氣、個性、優(yōu)缺點。 你必須知道每一個音的音質(zhì)、特點、發(fā)音要領(lǐng).,語流教學-隱喻疏導法,學習語流的人就是老板 音就是人,就是手下員工 使運營順利老板須懂得: 果斷, 自控, 團結(jié), 靈活,語流教學-隱喻疏導法,果斷：開除壞蛋圖省心 自控：控制自己莫發(fā)火 團結(jié)：聯(lián)合起來效率高 靈活：善于應(yīng)變都省事,果斷:開除壞蛋圖省心,只要/ t, d /的前

26、后都是輔音，就把它們開除掉。 Next month, last Sunday, send them out, recommend them, behind the door 如果后面跟著半元音，也可以開除。 Last week, next year, want you to go 某些短語中，即使前面沒有輔音也可以開除 That was, it was, what was the matter?,自控:控制自己莫發(fā)火,六個爆破音的后面只要有輔音，千萬別發(fā)火 例外：詞內(nèi)的/tl,tr,dl,dr,pl,pr,br,bl,kl, gl, kr, gr/ 不要控制。例如 class, cry, gl

27、ad, grass, play, prey, brick, black, tree, dream, little, middle He slept soundly last night. I looked at the man. Workshop, lipstick, meatball, canned food, cab driver, dog food, a big wolf, a white cat,團結(jié):聯(lián)合起來效率高,只要意義相關(guān)，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)把它們聯(lián)合起來 I am afraid of speaking in front of a large audience. The aim of a hotel is to create a home away from home. 但是，若要強調(diào)，千萬別連讀 I did not enjoy the party. I got angry. He said angrily.,靈活:善于應(yīng)變都省事,被開除的兩個家伙變乖了，又被心軟的老板收留了。不過，他們未免也太乖了，完全沒有了個性。后面跟著誰他們就像誰。 Creditk card, footbball, a goodg girl, a goodk cook, a goodb man, tenm boys, tenng girls, a thinng girl, r