1、Book 6 Unit 1 Grammar虛擬語氣(一) 一英語動詞有三種語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。(一)陳述語氣 :用來陳述一個事實，或提出一種看法，有肯定、 否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early?(二)祈使語氣: 用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets take a break, shall we ？(3） 虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實, 而是一種假設, 愿望, 懷疑或推

2、測。條件句分真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。a. 真實條件句: 表示條件是真的或有可能實現(xiàn)的, 采用_語氣。(虛擬、陳述？)If it is fine tomorrow, I shall go shopping. b. b. 虛擬條件句/非真實條件句: 表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用_語氣。(虛擬、陳述？) If I were you, I would forgive Mary. 二. 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的應用, 由if引導的虛擬條件句 1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句如：（找出下列的從句和主句） If the weather were fine now, we should go f

3、or a picnic.如果現(xiàn)在天氣好的話，我們就出去野餐了。 If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句的謂語動詞形式:條件從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_ be_情態(tài)動詞：would, could, _, _+動詞原形do練習：If the God _(give) me another chance，I_( tell )the girl three words, “ I love you.” If I _(have to ) set a time limit

4、 to our love, it _( be) 10,000 years! 2.與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句如：（找出下列的從句和主句）She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是當初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句的謂語動詞形式:條件從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 謂語動詞時態(tài):_ do-_情態(tài)動詞：_, could, sho

5、uld, might+_+_練習：1）If I_ (not be) busy last night, I _(go) to see the film with you. 2）If he _(drive) more carefully, he _(not have) the car accident yesterday.3.與將來事實可能相反的虛擬條件句如：（找出下列的從句和主句）If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十歲，我就會學法語。If it should fa

6、il, I would try again.要是失敗了，我會再試一次。If an earthquake happened/should happen/ were to happen tomorrow, I would /should/ could/might stay outdoors and learn English.與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語) 的謂語動詞形式:條件從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 1.謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_ bewere 2. _ 3._情態(tài)動詞：_, _, _, _+動詞原形do注意：主句中的should只用于第一人稱，但在美國英語中，should常

7、被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。練習: If you _(get) a full mark next time, I _ (hold) a party for you.總結：含有if虛擬條件句的主從句的的謂語動詞形式：條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If 主語 +_（be的過去式用_）_+動詞原形與過去事實相反If 主語 +_+_與將來事實可能相反If 主語 +_（be的過去式用_）；_動詞原形；_動詞原形_+動詞原形練習：1）If I_ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house. 2） If it shou

8、ld rain tomorrow, I_ ( stay ) at home.3） If I were to stay at home, I _ ( have ) a good rest.4）If you came tomorrow, I _ fishing with you.5）If I had taken money with me yesterday, I_ (repair ) my watch.6）If I _ (get up ) early, I wouldnt have been late.4.有時虛擬條件句并沒來用if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語( _, _, or 或者連詞_來

9、表示,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句.1).Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. 2).But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 3). Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise

10、he would have telephone me. = Jack cant have arrived yet, if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.練習：1) I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit2)沒有你的幫助,我們就不會取得那么大的進步。_3)要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。_三虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用1.wish 引導的賓語從句要

11、用虛擬語氣 （找出下列的從句和主句）對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I knew the answer to the question. 表示對過去情況的虛擬 I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.The party was terrible. I wish I had never gone to it.表示對將來情況的虛擬I wish I would meet a handsome boy in the college and fall in love with him. 賓語

12、從句的虛擬語氣謂語形式總結：與現(xiàn)在事實相反謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_ be_與過去事實相反謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_與將來事實相反_，could + _練習：1) 我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。_2)我昨天要是遇見他就好了。_3)我希望成為一名科學家。_2. would rather等表示愿望，其賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。表示現(xiàn)在的愿望 Id rather he set about doing the work now. 我寧愿他現(xiàn)在就著手做這項工作。表示對過去的虛擬 Id rather he hadnt said that. 我真希望他沒說過那話。虛擬語氣謂語形式總結：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿^語動詞時

13、態(tài)：_ do-_ 表示過去的愿望謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_練習：1) I would rather you (come) tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。 2) I would rather you _ (not tell) me about it yesterday.四if only句型：但愿.;要是.就好了(表示一種強烈的愿望或遺憾).If only I were a flying bird! If only I had known the answers/keys!虛擬語氣謂語形式總結：與現(xiàn)在事實相反謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_ be_與過去事實相反謂語動詞時態(tài)：_ do-_練習： 1)

14、 If only I _ (be) younger! 2)If only I _(take) your advice. 綜合練習一.單項選擇1. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing B. will be freezing C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly2.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed.

15、 A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie3. We could have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we _ late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been4. If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbed B. were not. could climbC. had not been, could have clim

16、bed D. had not been, could climb5. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said6. Id rather he_ here. A. come B. comes C. came D. will come7. If only I _ as young as you are! A. being B. am C. b

17、e D. were 8. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 二用動詞的適當形式填空1 If I _ (not run)out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. 2 If I _ (be)you，I wouldnt return the call3. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _(have) time, I would go for an outing with you.4. We lost

18、 our way in that small village, otherwise we _(visit) more places of interest yesterday. 5.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _(not win) the first prize in the Engli