1、1,ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT CENTREWORKSHOP ON RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKSSHANGHAI, 20/21ST DECEMBER 2005,VI: 澳大利亞商業(yè)銀行風險管理 發(fā)言人：Ken Waller, 澳洲聯(lián)邦銀行高級顧問,2,Agenda 綜述,1. Why risk management is critical to good banking 風險管理對于銀行經(jīng)營的重要性 2. Summary of key risks impacting on banks 銀行業(yè)面臨的主要風險 Australias e

2、conomic environment 澳洲經(jīng)濟環(huán)境 4. Australia financial regulatory approach 澳洲金融監(jiān)管體系 Major risk management challenges 風險管理面臨的挑戰(zhàn) 6. Responses to risk challenges 應對挑戰(zhàn) 7. Implementing Basel II Australias experience 澳洲實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議的經(jīng)驗 Challenges in implementing Basel II 新巴塞爾協(xié)議面臨的挑戰(zhàn) Benefits from strengthened risk

3、management 深化風險管理的益處 Conclusions 結(jié)論,3,1. Why risk management is critical to good banking 風險管理的重要性,I refer to the comments I made in Session II of this workshop 請參照我在第二講中所講的內(nèi)容 Summarising: 小節(jié) - fundamental obligation to protect depositors 保護儲戶的基本義務(wù) - returns to shareholders 回報股東 - vital for confidenc

4、e in banks/banking system 保持銀行業(yè)/銀行系統(tǒng)信心 - stability for growth and national development 有助于國家經(jīng)濟的穩(wěn)健發(fā)展,4,2. Summary of key risks impacting on banks 銀行業(yè)面臨的主要風險,Domestic and international economic and political environment 國內(nèi)國際政治經(jīng)濟環(huán)境 Quality of monetary and budget policies and the legal framework 貨幣、預算政策

5、和法律框架的有效性 Global growth outlook, and risks 全球發(fā)展前景及風險,5,3.Australias economic environment 澳洲經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,Relevant in context of risk management- 與風險管理相關(guān)聯(lián)的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境 - continuing a long period of relatively strong economic growth 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展在較長時間內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)健 - low inflation 低通貨膨脹 - budgets in surplus strong fiscal outlook 預算盈余-

6、樂觀的財政前景 - solid global outlook with risks 全球前景穩(wěn)定 Good banking sector: profitable, well capitalised, low non-performing loans highly competitive 銀行業(yè)運作良好-贏利、資本配置合理、不良貸款率低-競爭激烈,6,4. Australia financial regulatory approach 澳洲金融監(jiān)管體系,Present system has evolved after a long period of reform 現(xiàn)有體制經(jīng)歷了長期改革演變而來

7、 Major changes followed the Financial System Inquiry in 1997 1997年“金融體制質(zhì)詢” 引起重大改變 Led to formation of Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) - to supervise all deposit taking institutions (ADIs)and life and general insurance and superannuation 設(shè)立澳大利亞金融監(jiān)管局 -監(jiān)管所有授權(quán)存款機構(gòu) (ADIs)、人壽和一般保險、以及退休金體

8、制 ADIs include banks, building societies, credit unions and other licensed deposit takers 授權(quán)存款機構(gòu) (ADIs）包括銀行、建筑資金融資合作社、信用合作社以及其它授權(quán)存款機構(gòu),7,4.2 Australia - financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融監(jiān)管體制（續(xù)）,Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) central bank, responsible for澳大利亞儲備銀行中央銀行 - monetary policy制定貨幣

9、政策 - systemic stability維持金融系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定 - payments system建立并維護支付系統(tǒng) and is lender of last resort最后貸款人 Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) responsible for澳大利亞證券和投資委員會 - enforcement and regulation of company and financial services laws to protect consumers, investors and creditors 執(zhí)行公司法及金融法

10、規(guī)以保護消費者、投資者和債權(quán)人的利益,8,4.3 Australia financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融監(jiān)管體系（續(xù)）,Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), responsible for: 澳大利亞競爭和消費者委員會： - promotion of fair trade in the market place to benefit consumers, business and the community 提倡市場公平交易以使消費者、商業(yè)界和社會群體受益 Banks

11、 are subject to and impacted under various laws and regulations to requirements of APRA, RBA, ASIC and ACCC 為達到監(jiān)管機構(gòu)的要求，銀行受到APRA、RBA、ASIC和ACCC多種法律和規(guī)章的制約及影響,9,4.4 Australia - financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融監(jiān)管體系（續(xù)）,Regulatory structure aims to:監(jiān)管體系的目的 - provide consistent regulation for s

12、imilar financial products統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管性質(zhì)相似的金融產(chǎn)品 - be responsive to technological changes and innovations in financial services 負責金融服務(wù)的技術(shù)更新和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新 - achieve competitive neutrality efficient markets, reduced costs to consumers 在市場競爭中保持中立地位 ，提升市場效率，為消費者節(jié)省開支 - provide effective regulation of conglomerates 有效的監(jiān)管金融集

13、團 - be internationally competitive 加強國際競爭力,10,5. Major risk management challenges風險管理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn),complacency arising from strong economic environment 強勁的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展環(huán)境導致了自我滿足心態(tài)的滋生 new technology and outsourcing 新科技的涌現(xiàn)和外包服務(wù)的興起 competition, and for individual banks maintaining and growing market share 銀行需要維持和擴大市場

14、份額 operational risks操作風險 governance and skills base治理和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) - regulatory risk監(jiān)管風險,11,Responses to risk challenges應對挑戰(zhàn)的措施,Major responses 主要措施 integrated risk management under strong governance systems 將風險監(jiān)管納入有力的管理體系中 - constantly refine credit and modeling processes 不斷改進信用和建模流程 - strengthen portfolio

15、 quality assurance 加強投資組合質(zhì)量保證 stress testing under different scenarios 在不同場景下進行壓力測試 sound procurement policies 良好的采購政策 business continuity strategies 業(yè)務(wù)持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 skilled board, management and staff 專業(yè)的董事會、管理層和員工 constructive public discussion to remove regulatory overlap 展開建設(shè)性的公眾討論以消除重復監(jiān)管,12,7. Impleme

16、nting Basel II Australias experience 澳洲實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議的經(jīng)驗,Banks supervised under Basel I capital adequacy requirements and move to Basel II is seen as a logical and constructive advance 新巴塞爾協(xié)議肯定了舊巴塞爾協(xié)議對銀行資本充足率的要求，認為這是符合邏輯的，并且是建設(shè)性的進步。 Basel II framework widely supported by banks and by regulatory authoritie

17、s 新巴塞爾協(xié)議框架得到了銀行業(yè)和監(jiān)管部門的廣泛認同 To be implemented on 1 January 2008 將在2008 年月日實施,13,7.2 Implementing Basel II Australias experience (continued)澳洲實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議的經(jīng)驗（續(xù)）,Australian internationally active banks (7 banks) seeking advanced internal rating based status (AIRB) for credit risk and the advanced measureme

18、nt approach (AMA) for operational risk 澳洲國際活躍銀行（ 家）采用高級內(nèi)部評級法來衡量信用風險，采用進階衡量法來計量操作風險 Regional banks (around 46) will seek standardised approach 區(qū)域性銀行（約46家）將采用標準法,14,7.3 Implementing Basel II Australias experience (continued)澳洲實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議的經(jīng)驗（續(xù)）,Banks support Basel II銀行支持新巴塞爾協(xié)議 - aligns supervisory arrange

19、ment with credit rating and processes in operation in most major banks for last 10 years or so 10多年來，一直在監(jiān)管措施與銀行的信用評級和操作流程間協(xié)調(diào) Better aligns regulatory capital with banks assessment of economic capital 將監(jiān)管資本與銀行對經(jīng)濟資本的評估本更好的結(jié)合起來 Principles based approach rather than rules-based preferred 采用原則導向方法而非準則導向方

20、法,15,8. Challenges in Implementing Basel II實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議面臨的挑戰(zhàn),Developing an integrated approach to risk management is complex in terms of managerial processes requiring a concerted effort to implement by boards and management 從管理流程角度來講，開發(fā)一種統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)的風險管理方法是非常復雜的這需要董事會和管理層的通力合作 For most if not all banks, it re

21、quires a constant upgrade of data, testing and modeling for managing credit, market and operational risk 對大多數(shù)銀行來講，這要求不斷更新數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)、進行信用風險、市場風險和操作風險管理測試以及針對三種風險管理設(shè)計模型,16,8.2 Challenges in implementing Basel II (continued)實施新巴塞爾協(xié)議面臨的挑戰(zhàn)（續(xù)）,Changes required to improve “culture” 要求“文化”的改進 Critical improvement

22、 needed in governance structures 要求治理結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵性的改進 - in response to Basel II 對新巴塞爾協(xié)議作出反應 - changing corporate environment 改變企業(yè)環(huán)境 - Sarbanes Oxley 薩班斯奧克斯利法案,17,9. Benefits from strengthened risk management深化風險管理的益處,Confidence in banks deposit growth slowing - but banks offering diversified services to ind

23、ividual and corporate clients, facilitated by skilled risk management 提升銀行信心雖然存款增長緩慢，但是專業(yè)化的風險管理有助于銀行為個人或公司客戶提供多元化的金融服務(wù) And while highly competitive financial sector with new and monotype service providers, banks generally continue to grow strong returns to shareholders 盡管銀行與新出現(xiàn)的服務(wù)商或單一服務(wù)提供商競爭激烈，總的來講銀

24、行仍在為股東賺取利潤,18,9.2 Benefits from strengthened risk management (continued)深化風險管理的益處（續(xù)）,Pillar 3 - better assessment by markets of banks with high quality risk management systems 支柱銀行市場運用高質(zhì)量的風險管理系統(tǒng)進行更好的評估 - should lead to lower costs of capital for well rated banks 對于信用等級高的銀行，其資金成本應該降低 Enhances capacit

25、y of banks to lend to riskier business at right risk premium 提高銀行向高風險企業(yè)貸款的能力以適當?shù)娘L險溢價 Expected modest reduction in overall regulatory capital charges perhaps approaching the floor of 90% under the Basel II framework 期望適當降低總的監(jiān)管資本要求在新協(xié)議框架內(nèi)可能接近下限的90%,19,9.3 Benefits from strengthened risk management (continued)深化風險管理的益處（續(xù)）,To regional banks standardised approach - de