1、TOEFL iBT WRITING,Dani Zhang,Dani,a traveler,a performer,a teacher,What is TOEFL iBT writing?,What skills do we need?,OG 機經(jīng) Deltas Blue Deltas Red & Barrons Purple Online Practice* Microsoft Student (Encarta),Utilities,BOSS!,Who do we please?,Integrated Writing 小作文,Integrated Writing 小作文,Integrated

2、Writing 小作文,Independent Writing 大作文,1, 30, 300,大作文例文,Topic: People should never be satisfied with what they have. They should always want something new and something different. Do you agree or disagree? Use your own reasons and specific examples to support your argument. That people should never be

3、satisfied with what they have and should always strive for something new and different seems to be a propensity inherent in human nature. We have all read in Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice that “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a large fortune must be in wa

4、nt of a wife.” This only testifies to one aspect, which is also a necessary condition, of human existence. On the most abstract level, the spirit of dissatisfaction constitutes the very force that has propelled human civilization forward in the course of human history. Stimulated by the thirst for k

5、nowledge from within and challenged by the harshness of the environment from without, man has evolved triumphantly from the most primitive to the most advanced and sophisticated. If it had contented our pristine ancestors to dwell in caves or to lead their nomadic life, they would have remained some

6、 mere vagabond creatures, lurking in the unfriendly forests and in the hostile wilderness, forever on the alert so as not to fall prey to some ferocious predators. Consequently we can safely conclude that it is precisely mans inquiring mind and his aspiring nature that distinguish himself from other

7、 animals. In the modern world, this insatiable desire on the part of mankind has given rise to the most spectacular development of science and technology. We know that, with all the material wealth we have accumulated, we can live a passable, even a well-to-do life. However, we are also fully aware

8、that life of this kind is not the best. Therefore, we travel into the unknown depths of the universe to explore its mysteries and we undertake perilous expeditions to the South Pole under the hope of discovering alternative energy sources to compensate for those which we already have, but which are

9、depleting at an alarming rate. Every single advance in science and technology is invariably the result of mans incessant quest for the new, the different and the better. Finally, the turn of the century has witnessed a sustained proliferation of “isms”, both in arts and in literature, such as Impres

10、sionism, Expressionism, Symbolism, Cubism, Fauvism, Surrealism, Structuralism and the like. Why? The reason is simple. This flourishing is a direct response to peoples discontent with hackneyed and stereotyped modes of expression whose expressiveness has been worn away by centuries of overuse. Appre

11、ciating classical masterpieces only, say, Mona Lisa by Da Vinci, is a dull job. By contrast, Picasso the cubist has expressed a profound truth in Guernica with a refreshingly avant-garde freshness and originality. The existing conditions are always being transcended by the new and the different. Adm

12、ittedly, there are possible exceptions to this general rule of dissatisfaction. An ancient Chinese saying that “those who constantly feel satisfied tend to be happy” is quite illustrative in this respect. But I would rather interpret this as implying that peoples sense of happiness and satisfaction

13、results from what they have achieved, including what is new and what is different. After all, human beings are by no means the jackdaw in Aesops fable who could afford to indulge complacently but vainly in singing and dancing without knowing where his next meal would come from. （536 words）,What well

14、 cover:,小作文技巧 三分鐘閱讀的巧妙利用（與閱讀部分不同） 兩分鐘講座的筆記技巧（與聽力部分不同） 完美組織文章及提煉語言 大作文技巧 從無到有，充盈思路 有理有據(jù)，展開邏輯 由粗變細，例證梳理 首段首句，賣弄文采 前后銜接，一氣呵成,What we wont cover:,Vocabulary Academic: 張紅巖，詞以類記；黃金29篇 Writing: 小伴侶；韋氏近反義詞典 Timeline 請同學們按照自己的考期安排練習計劃 請不要臨時抱佛腳，佛腳也是會軟的 Motivation 請同學們定好自己需要的分數(shù) 沒有人能讓自己努力，除了自己 JokesReally, plea

15、se go to Mr. Zhou Libo for that,The Integrated Writing,Integrated Writing 小作文,Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relations

16、hip to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150-225 words.,Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they answer the specific problems presented in the reading passage.,Scoring Formula for 小作文,points in the lecture + points in the passage

17、+ how they are connected + OK English Score 3 + specific explanation in the lecture Score 4 + fluent English Score 5,三分鐘閱讀的巧妙利用,一大三小找觀點 為作文準備，有的寫 閱讀筆記放左邊 為筆記準備，省力氣 細節(jié)邏輯看關(guān)聯(lián) 為筆記準備，好理解 陌生名詞出聲念 為聽力準備，不緊張,To Read Efficiently,符號！ 簡寫！ 讀音！,補充筆記符號,補充筆記符號,補充筆記符號,補充筆記符號,Sentence Exercise,She is wearing a white

18、 linen cap of a kind that only servants would wearyet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. Finally, examination of the back of the paintin

19、g reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together.,Paragraph Exercise,The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear p

20、artially in shadowwhich is not how it appears.,Take Notes Now,Example,Pt R inconsistent dress servant cap Vs. lux fur collar light & shadow fit face illuminated Vs. dark collar Pt on pieces of wood glued together panel of pieces Vs. single,常見閱讀障礙及解決,跳躍式：不知道哪里是重點 解決：按捺跳躍的沖動 流水式：看了等于沒看，重復返工 解決：練習句型結(jié)構(gòu)主

21、謂賓 雕刻式：泛讀變成精讀 解決：強迫不出聲 六神無主式：單詞太多不懂 解決：背學科單詞，找句型重點和信號詞 Tip：沒有tip。Practice makes perfect.,Now listen,Model Structure (Listening 1st),The lecture discusseswhich differs from the main idea in the reading that The professor makes the point that The reading , in contrast, holds a different view that Anot

22、her important point explained in the listening is that However, the reading presents a conflicting idea that Finally, the professor states that .This directly challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said that.,Model Structure (Reading 1st),In the reading, it is stated that However, the lect

23、urer disagrees with it by saying that First, the reading believes that Contradicting this standpoint, the lecturer argues that Second, the reading suggests that Conversely, the lecturer holds a different view that Third, the reading insists that Again, the lecturer casts doubt on the statement by po

24、inting out that,Model Structure (Summary 1st),The topic discussed here is The reading stands the ground that In contrast, the lecture insists that The first point in question is The reading suggests that However, the lecturer disagrees by saying that The second point in question is The reading holds

25、 that On the opposite, the lecturer argues that The final point in question is The reading believes that Nevertheless, the lecturer states that,使用It開頭的“間接引用”句型： In the reading (passage), it is stated that believed that illustrated that suggested that indicated that Tip: 注意that后面的人稱和時態(tài)。,使用S/he開頭的“間接引

26、用”句型： The speaker/professor/lecturer thinks that holds the opinion that maintains the idea/belief that believe that takes the position that Tip: 注意動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)。,Task 1: Write 30% of the writing.,Not always about 在這個方面： in the area (of) in the aspect (of) in the field (of) 關(guān)于： regarding/concerning with

27、regard to with respect to,Note-taking Practice,1. 19 amen. women vote, elec. 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote, beginning with the elections of 1920. 2. Suspension = 2 lowers w/flex. cables ends In a suspension bridge, there are two towers with one o

28、r more flexible cables firmly attached at each end. 3. perennial = plant 2+ yrs ex. trees, shrubs A perennial is any plant that continues to grow for more than two years, as for example, trees and shrubs.,Lecture 信號詞,Definition is known as is called is refers to means Description and Example consist

29、s of adjective for example for instance namely specifically that is,Lecture 信號詞,Classification kinds of types of classes of groups of parts of properties of characteristics of varieties of,4. ee. cummings innovations punc, typo, lang 1954 poems Famous for Innovations in punctuation. typography, and

30、language. Edward Estlin Cummings, known to us as e.e. cummings, published his collected poems in 1954. 5. abslt. zero = temp. all subs 0 thermal energy lowest temps, practice Absolute zero, the temperature at which all substances have zero thermal energy, and thus the lowest possible temperatures, i

31、s unattainable in practice.,Note-taking Practice,Comparison and Contrast like similar to differ from compared with in comparison similarly in the same way in contrast whereas adjective + -er although but conversely in spite of even though however instead on the contrary on the other hand despite,Lec

32、ture 信號詞,6. Columbus, O = typ. metro mkt resrch new pdts Because Columbus, Ohio, Is considered a typical metropolitan area, it is often used for market research to test new products. 7. cocao bean Aztecs = currency The cacao bean was cultivated by the Aztecs not only to drink but also as currency in

33、 their society. 8. blue whale = largest animal ! 100 = 5birth size The blue whale is the largest known animal, reaching a length of more than one hundred feet, which is five times its size al birth.,Note-taking Practice,Cause and Effect as a consequence as a result thus therefore because because of

34、for this reason consequently since so,Lecture 信號詞,Problem and Solution problem solve question Persuasion or Evaluation first, second, third should, must, ought to therefore in conclusion, in summary,Lecture 信號詞,9. Ontario = heartland Can. geograph + hist Ontario Is the heartland of Canada, both geog

35、raphically, and, I would say, historically as well. 10. nuclear particles = hadrons = proton + neutron quarks = panicles slight electric charge nature Nuclear particles called hadrons, which include the proton and neutron, are made from quarksvery odd particles that have a slight electrical charge b

36、ut that cannot exist alone in nature.,Note-taking Practice,Cues in Speech and Writing pay special attention to be sure to especially important is and this is important and this is the key point,Lecture 信號詞,段落筆記：掌握先機,標志性詞語 連接詞，如first, second, 轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如however, but, 因果詞，如because, therefore, 總結(jié)詞，如thus, in

37、conclusion, 極端詞，如never, not at all, always, 標志性語氣 重復單詞 停頓 音調(diào)變化，語氣強烈 內(nèi)容預測：從閱讀推測,Summary Skill Extra: Paraphrase,Why not copy and paste? 有個詞叫做plagiarism 最簡單的段落總結(jié)：換個方法說 要領(lǐng)： 近義詞替換：形容詞/動詞 語法結(jié)構(gòu)變化：主動/被動，形容/動 最好不要直接引用加“ ”,Sample 1,原文： The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe. 錯誤： The most difficult woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe. 正確： The most difficult woodwind instrument to master is the oboe. 最佳： The o