1、Winston Churchill,(30 November 1874 24 January 1965),Never, never, never, never give up. 永遠(yuǎn)，永遠(yuǎn)，永遠(yuǎn)， 永遠(yuǎn)都不要放棄。,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill 溫斯頓倫納德斯賓塞丘吉爾爵士,Sir Winston Churchill was a British prime minister and statesman who led the country to victory against Nazi Germany and the Axis powers in

2、 World War Two.,Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.,Family and early life,丘吉爾出生于英國的

3、一個(gè)貴族家庭。他的祖上約翰丘吉爾因在“光榮革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在對(duì)西班牙和法國的戰(zhàn)爭中做為軍隊(duì)總司令取得勝利而于1702年被安妮女王封為馬爾巴羅公爵（Duke of Malborough）. 丘吉爾的父親倫道夫丘吉爾勛爵（Randolph Churchill）是馬爾巴羅公爵七世的第三個(gè)兒子，是保守黨“櫻草會(huì)”（保守黨中的一個(gè)派系，以工人階級(jí)為主）的創(chuàng)辦人，曾擔(dān)任過內(nèi)閣中僅次于首相的財(cái)政大臣。丘吉爾的母親珍妮杰羅姆是美國百萬富翁、紐約時(shí)報(bào)股東之一的倫納德杰羅姆的女兒。,Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes

4、of Marlborough. Winstons father, Lord Randolph Churchill, the third son of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough, was a politician; and his mother, Lady Randolph Churchill was the daughter of American millionaire Leonard Jerome.,Family and early life,1881年，7歲的丘吉爾被送入一個(gè)貴族子弟學(xué)校讀書，丘吉爾是學(xué)校中最頑皮、最貪

5、吃、成績最差的學(xué)生之一，因此經(jīng)常遭到老師的體罰，后來不得不轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到另一所學(xué)校。1888年丘吉爾進(jìn)入僅次于伊頓公學(xué)的哈羅公學(xué)就讀，但是成績依然不佳，倫道夫勛爵于是決定在兒子畢業(yè)后將他送到桑赫斯特皇家軍事學(xué)院。,Independent and rebellious by nature, Churchill generally did poorly in school, for which he was punished. He was educated at three independent schools: St. Georges School, Ascot, Berkshire, follow

6、ed by Brunswick School in Hove, near Brighton and then at Harrow School from 17 April 1888, where his military career began. Within weeks of his arrival, he had joined the Harrow Rifle Corps.,Military service,After Churchill left Harrow in 1893, he applied to attend the Royal Military College, Sandh

7、urst. It took three attempts before he passed the entrance exam.,丘吉爾在1893年離開了哈羅公學(xué)，此后經(jīng)過了三次入學(xué)考試，才于1893年成功考入桑赫斯特皇家軍事學(xué)院。,In 1895, Churchill travelled to Cuba to observe the Spanish fight the Cuban guerrillas; he had obtained a commission to write about the conflict from the Daily Graphic. In Cuba, he so

8、on acquired a taste for Havana cigars, which he would smoke for the rest of his life.,1895年10月，丘吉爾利用假期和朋友一起到古巴親身體驗(yàn)一下西班牙和古巴人民起義的戰(zhàn)爭。由于其父親的關(guān)系，丘吉爾被英國情報(bào)部門看中，要他負(fù)責(zé)收集西班牙軍隊(duì)所使用的槍彈的情報(bào)，此外，每日紀(jì)事報(bào)也聘請(qǐng)他為隨軍記者，為該報(bào)發(fā)稿。,Military service,Military service,In 1899, the Second Boer War between Britain and the Boer Republics

9、broke out and he obtained a commission to act as war correspondent for the Morning Post.After some weeks in exposed areas he accompanied a scouting expedition in an armoured train, leading to his capture and imprisonment in a POW camp in Pretoria . His actions during the ambush of the train led to s

10、peculation that he would be awarded the Victoria Cross, Britains highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy, but this did not occur. He escaped from the prison camp and travelled almost 300 miles to Portuguese Loureno Marques in Delagoa Bay, with the assistance of an English mine manager.

11、His escape made him a minor national hero for a time in Britain,丘吉爾在同年9月以晨郵報(bào)記者的身份前往南非，采訪第二次布爾戰(zhàn)爭。在隨英軍士兵行伍途中，被布爾人俘虜（據(jù)聞是被日后成為南非總理的史末資所擄），被關(guān)押在普勒多利亞的戰(zhàn)俘營。丘吉爾雖然是隨軍記者，但因攜帶武器并參加戰(zhàn)斗，布爾人拒絕釋放他。到了12月，丘吉爾大膽地獨(dú)自一人越獄成功，在當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)英國僑民的幫助下逃到了洛倫索馬貴斯（今莫桑比克首都馬普托）的英國領(lǐng)事館。這一經(jīng)歷使得他在英國的名聲大噪。,Military service,During his army career,

12、Churchill saw action in India, in the Sudan and the Second Boer War. He gained fame and notoriety as a war correspondent and through contemporary books he wrote describing the campaigns. He also served briefly in the British Army on the Western Front in World War I, commanding the 6th Battalion of t

13、he Royal Scots Fusiliers.,Political career to the Second World War,At the forefront of the political scene for almost fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary and First Lord of the Admiralty as

14、 part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Battle of Gallipoli caused his departure from government. He returned as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air. In the interwar years, h

15、e served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative government.,Political career to the Second World War,After the outbreak of the Second World War, Churchill was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, he became Prime Min

16、ister of the United Kingdom and led Britain to victory against the Axis powers. Churchill was always noted for his speeches, which became a great inspiration to the British people and embattled Allied forces.,Churchill had been among the first to recognise the growing threat of Hitler long before th

17、e outset of the Second World War.By refusing an armistice with Germany, Churchill kept resistance alive in the British Empire and created the basis for the later Allied counter-attacks of 194245, with Britain serving as a platform for the supply of Soviet Union and the liberation of Western Europe.,

18、Relations with the United States,Churchills good relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt secured vital food, oil and munitions via the North Atlantic shipping routes. It was for this reason that Churchill was relieved when Roosevelt was re-elected in 1940. Upon re-election, Roosevelt immediately set

19、 about implementing a new method of providing military hardware and shipping to Britain without the need for monetary payment. Put simply, Roosevelt persuaded Congress that repayment for this immensely costly service would take the form of defending the US; and so Lend-lease was born.,我沒有別的，只有熱血、辛勞、

20、眼淚和汗水獻(xiàn)給大家你們問：我們的目的是什么？我可以用一個(gè)詞來答復(fù)：勝利，不惜一切代價(jià)去爭取勝利，無論多么恐怖也要爭取勝利，無論道路多么遙遠(yuǎn)艱難，也要爭取勝利，因?yàn)闆]有勝利就無法生存。,I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. You ask, what is our aim I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard

21、 the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.,Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves, that if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, This was their finest hour.,讓我們勇敢地承擔(dān)義務(wù)，這樣如果大英帝國和她的聯(lián)邦可以留存千年的話，人們?nèi)匀粫?huì)這么說：“這是他

22、們最光輝的時(shí)刻?！?我們將戰(zhàn)斗到底。我們將在法國作戰(zhàn)，我們將在海洋中作戰(zhàn)，我們將以越來越大的信心和越來越強(qiáng)的力量在空中作戰(zhàn)，我們將不惜一切代價(jià)保衛(wèi)本土；我們將在海灘作戰(zhàn)，我們將在敵人的登陸點(diǎn)作戰(zhàn)，我們將在田野和街頭作戰(zhàn)，我們將在山區(qū)作戰(zhàn)，我們絕不投降.,. we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatev

23、er the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.,“在過去的25年中，沒有一個(gè)人像我那樣始終一貫地反對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義。我并不想收回我說過的話，但是這一切在正在我們眼前展現(xiàn)的情景對(duì)照之下，都已黯然失色了任何對(duì)第三帝國作戰(zhàn)的個(gè)人或國家，都將得到我們的援助。任何跟著希特勒走

24、的個(gè)人或國家，都是我們的敵人?！?The Cairo Declaration was signed on 27 November 1943 and released in a Cairo Communiqu through radio on 1 December 1943,stating the Allies intentions to continue deploying military force until Japans unconditional surrender. The three main clauses of the Cairo Declaration are that J

25、apan be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the First World War in 1914, all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China, and that in due c

26、ourse Korea shall become free and independent.,Relations with the Soviet Union,When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, Winston Churchill, a vehement anti-Communist, famously stated If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons, regarding his

27、policy toward Stalin.Soon, British supplies and tanks were flowing to help the Soviet Union.,During October 1944, he and Eden were in Moscow to meet with the Russian leadership. At this point, Russian forces were beginning to advance into various eastern European countries. Churchill held the view t

28、hat until everything was formally and properly worked out at the Yalta conference, there had to be a temporary, war-time, working agreement with regard to who would run what.,在通向勝利的漫長歲月里，丘吉爾在其演講中多次發(fā)出戰(zhàn)斗到底的誓言，表達(dá)了英國人民的心聲。他說：“我們將永不停止，永不疲倦，永不讓步，全國人民已立誓要負(fù)起這一任務(wù)：在歐洲掃清納粹的毒害，把世界從新的黑暗時(shí)代中拯救出來。我們想奪取的是希特勒和希特勒主義的生

29、命和靈魂。僅此而已，別無其他，不達(dá)目的，誓不罷休?！?丘吉爾是英國歷史上著名的首相，他的一生中創(chuàng)造了許多奇跡。他的頭上戴有許多流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辯才無礙的演說家、經(jīng)邦治國的政治家、戰(zhàn)爭中的傳奇英雄。他一生中寫出了26部共45卷（本）專著，幾乎每部著作出版后都在英國和世界上引起轟動(dòng)，獲得如潮好評(píng)，被翻譯成多國文字在世界各國廣為發(fā)行，以致星期日泰晤士報(bào)曾斷言：“20世紀(jì)很少有人比丘吉爾拿的稿費(fèi)還多。 ”,Churchills book,馬拉坎德遠(yuǎn)征史 THE STORY OF THE MALAKAND FIELD FORCE 河上戰(zhàn)爭 THE RIVER WAR 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)回

30、憶錄 THE SECOND WORLD WAR 英語民族史 A HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PE0PLES 世界危機(jī) THE WORLD CRISIS 馬爾巴羅的生平與時(shí)代 MARLBOROUGH: HIS LIFE AND TIMES,1953年，他被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。瑞典文學(xué)院在授予他諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的頒獎(jiǎng)詞中說：“丘吉爾成熟的演說，目的敏捷準(zhǔn)確，內(nèi)容壯觀動(dòng)人。猶如一股鑄造歷史環(huán)節(jié)的力。丘吉爾在自由和人性尊重的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻的滔滔不絕的演說，卻另有一番動(dòng)人心魄的魔力。也許他自己正是以這偉大的演說，建立了永垂不朽的豐碑?！盨席瓦茲院士在頒獎(jiǎng)詞中還說，“丘吉爾在政治上

31、和文學(xué)上的成就如此之大，此前從未有過一位領(lǐng)袖人物能兩樣兼?zhèn)涠胰绱私艹觥！?Winston Churchills Painting and Art,Painting was a huge and lasting passion for Winston Churchill. Painting played a prominent role in the last 40 years of Churchills life though there is little to indicate from Churchills early life that he had any particular t

32、alent for art.I know of nothing which, without exhausting the body, more entirely occupies the mind Wrote Churchill on painting.,丘吉爾名言全集,Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.成功不要緊，失敗不致命。繼續(xù)前行的勇氣，才最可貴。A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity

33、; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.悲觀主義者在每個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)里看到困難。樂觀主義者在每個(gè)困難里看到機(jī)會(huì)。Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.勇氣是能站起來侃侃而談。勇氣也是能坐下來靜靜傾聽。,“You have enemies? Good. That means youve stood up for something, sometime in your life.”你有敵人？很好。這說明在你的生命中的某個(gè)時(shí)刻，你曾經(jīng)吶喊過?！癕y ta