1、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè),重點(diǎn)詞匯講練,寫作句型仿寫,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè),1. _ n. 系統(tǒng); 體系; 制度 _ adj. 系統(tǒng)的; 有系統(tǒng)的 _ adv. 系統(tǒng)地; 有系統(tǒng)地,systematically,system,systematic (al),一、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生,2. _ n. 謎; 難題 v.(使)迷惑 _ adj. 困惑的 _ adj. 令人困惑的 3. _ vi. 存在；生存 _ adj. 存在的；生存的 _ n. 存在；生存,existence,puzzle,puzzled,puzzling,exist,existent,4. _ n. 暴力; 猛烈 _ adj. 暴力的; 猛烈的

2、 _ adv. 粗暴地; 猛烈地 5. _ n. 基礎(chǔ) _ adj. 基本的; 基礎(chǔ)的 _ adv. 根本地; 從根本上,fundamentally,violence,violent,violently,foundation/fundament,fundamental,6. _ n. 感到振奮 4. _突發(fā); 爆發(fā),二、短語翻譯,break out,lay eggs,block out,cheer up,5. _密切注視; 當(dāng)心; 提防 6. _阻止; 制止 7. _產(chǎn)生; 分娩 8. _及時(shí),in time,watch out (for),prevent .from,give birth t

3、o,9. _ 輪到某人；接著 10. _既然 11. _依靠 12. _結(jié)果,as a result,in ones turn,now that,depend on,三、語篇填空,No one knows 1 _ (exact) how the earth began. However，according to a widely 2 _(accept) theory，it began 3 _ a “Big Bang”. Then the earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases，4 _(make) the ear

4、ths atmosphere. And then as the earth cooled down，water appeared and stayed on the surface.,making,with,accepted,exactly,It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve(溶解) 5 _ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas， 6 _ made it possible for life to develop. And the appearan

5、ce of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next，green plants began to grow on land. They were followed by land animals. Later，reptiles appeared for the first time, after which dinosaurs developed.,which,harmful,However，they suddenly 7 _ (appear). Therefor

6、e，mammals rose on 8 _ earth. Finally，humans appeared and spread all over the earth. However，they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，making the earth too hot 9 _ (live) on. So whether life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can 10 _ (solve).,be solved,

7、to live,the,disappeared,1. exactly 修飾動(dòng)詞know用副詞，表示“完全，精確地”。 2. accepted 因theory與accept是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。 3. with 因begin with (以開始)是固定搭配。 4. making 現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨或結(jié)果，指水蒸氣與各種氣體構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層。 5. harmful 在名詞前作定語用形容詞，表示“有害的”。,6. which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語。 7. disappeared 在主格人稱代詞后作謂語，由語境是一般過去時(shí)，指突然“消失了”。 8. the 在earth, m

8、oon等世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前通常用the。 9. to live 在tooto(太而不能)結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式表示結(jié)果。 10. be solved 問題是“被解決”。,四、語段改錯(cuò),According to a wide accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all direction. For several billions years after the “Big Bang”, earth was still just a cloud of dust.,What it wa

9、s to become was certain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years before when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violently that it was not clear whether the shape would be last or not.,It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were on time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vap

10、or and other gases, that were to make the earths atmosphere.,1. wide widely 用副詞修飾過去分詞accepted (被接受的)。 2. direction directions 受all修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 3. billions billion 因billion, million, thousand, hundred等前面有數(shù)詞或few, several時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)。 4. 在earth前加the 獨(dú)一無二事物前要加the。 5. certain uncertain 它會(huì)變成什么“不能確定”。,6. before ago

11、指離現(xiàn)在多久以前，用ago。 7. violently violent 在became后作表語，要用形容詞。 8. 去掉last前的be 因last(持續(xù)，維持)是不及物動(dòng)詞，有了動(dòng)詞后，若不是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用be。 8. on time in time 表示“及時(shí)做某事”是in time to do sth.，而on time是“按時(shí)”。 9. that which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句用which。,重點(diǎn)詞匯講練,1theory n. 學(xué)說；理論 例句 However，according to a widely accepted theory，the universe began

12、with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions但是,一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。,搭配 in theory 在理論上 反義 in practice 在實(shí)踐上,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 總之，理論必須同實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。,In brief, theory must be combined with practice.,2violent adj猛烈的;激烈的;強(qiáng)暴的 例句 The earth became so violent that it was not clear wheth

13、er the shape would last or not地球變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)。,搭配 violent crime 暴力犯罪 派生 _ n. 猛烈，暴力(行為) _ adv猛烈地,violently,violence,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)提示完成英文句子。 Children should not be allowed _ (看暴力電影)。,to watch violent movies, Her husband is _ (一個(gè)粗暴的人) His heart beats _ (violence),violently,a violent man,3. unlike prep.

14、不同; 不像（not like; not typical of） 例句 Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.水在其他星球上也出現(xiàn)過，例如在火星上就曾出現(xiàn)過，但和地球不同的是，這些水后來都消失了。,轉(zhuǎn)化 unlike adj. 不同的; 不相似的 反義 like prep. 像；同一樣 like adj. 相似的；同樣的 運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 她不像她媽媽；她很高，而她媽媽很矮。 _; she is tall while h

15、er mother is very short.,She is unlike her mother,4. harmful adj. 有害的, 傷害的 例句 the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水的存在，使地球能夠把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。,be harmful to 對(duì)有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 對(duì)某人有害處,搭配,運(yùn)用 填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的

16、正確形式填空。 As we all know, smoking is_ (harm) to our health. Thats to say，it does harm _ our health. Therefore, we shouldnt smoke but to do something _ (harm) to our health.,harmless,harmful,to,5exist vi. 存在；生存；生活；繼續(xù)存在 例句 This kind of rare animals existed 20，000 years ago這種珍稀動(dòng)物兩萬年前就存在了。,exist in 存在于中 e

17、xist on = live on 靠生活 exist as 作為而存在,搭配,運(yùn)用 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 The little boy cannot exist _ the money he is earning,on, Matter can exist _ a solid，liquid or gas We cant exist without waterThat means our _ (exist) depends on water,existence,as,原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzle

18、s that scientists found hard to solve. 生命是如何起源的這個(gè)問題是科學(xué)家很難解答的最大困惑之一。(B3 P27),6. puzzle n. 謎; 難題 v. (使)迷惑; (使)為難,例句 How he passed the exam is still a puzzle to us.他是如何通過考試的對(duì)我們來說還是一個(gè)謎。,搭配,be puzzled by 被迷惑 be a puzzle to sb. 對(duì)某人來說是個(gè)謎/ 困惑 befeel puzzled about 對(duì)感到困惑,運(yùn)用 填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或完成句子。 Your explanation was

19、 really a puzzle _ me. His recent behavior_ (使我困惑).,to,puzzles me,原句 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中, 這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。(B3 P26),7. prevent /stop /keep.from 阻止/防止,提示 在主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中, stop和 prevent后

20、的from可省略, 但keep后的from不能省略; 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中, 此三個(gè)短語中的from 均不可省略。,比較 protect .from . 保護(hù)不受,例句 The farmer built a wall to prevent his chickens from running out. 那個(gè)農(nóng)民建了圍墻來防止雞跑出去。,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 上漲的河水使我們過不了河。 The rising water _ _ . 人們采取行動(dòng)來防止環(huán)境的惡化。 People took measures _ _.,原句 Walking does need a bit of practice now

21、 that gravity has changed. 重力改變了, 看來走路也的確需要練一練了。(B3 P31),8. now that 由于; 既然,例句 Now that you are a student, you must obey school rules. 既然你是學(xué)生, 你必須遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)則。,運(yùn)用 (1)既然大家來了,我們就開會(huì)吧。 _, lets begin our meeting (2)既然已完成了工作, 你就應(yīng)該好好休息。 You ought to have a good rest _ _ .,now that/as you have finished the work,

22、since/,Now that/Since everybody is here,9in time 及時(shí)；終于；遲早 例句 The man in time caught the bag falling from upstairs那個(gè)人及時(shí)接住了從樓上掉下來的包。,in no time 立刻,馬上 at no time 絕不 at a time 每次,一次 at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度 at the same time 同時(shí) from time to time 有時(shí),偶爾,聯(lián)想,運(yùn)用 填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 When our guests arrive at our home, we shoul

23、d serve tea _ time With many subjects to concentrate on，I failed to finish homework _ time,on,in,10break out (火災(zāi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)地震等)爆發(fā)；發(fā)生 例句 The teacher stayed at home when the big fire broke out in the tall building. 當(dāng)那場(chǎng)高樓大火發(fā)生時(shí)，那個(gè)老師正待在家里。,break into破門而入 break up (組織、公司等)解散 break away from脫離,聯(lián)想,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 昨

24、天晚上，兩個(gè)小偷破門而入小李家，并偷走了一塊手表。 Last night，two thieves _ Xiao Lis home and stole a watch,broke into, 當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí),大家都在睡覺。 When the earthquake, _ everyone was sleeping in bed ABA樂隊(duì)去年解散了，這是我們沒有料想到的。 Band ABA _ last year，which was beyond our expectation,broke up,broke out,11. give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩；引起；造成 例句 They gave

25、 birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.它們能產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 She _ (生了一個(gè)健康男嬰)last night. 這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他最新一部小說的誕生。 The extraordinary experience_ _.,to his latest novel,gave birth to a healthy baby boy,gave birth,12. in ones turn 輪到某人; 接著 例句 Thus they have, in their turn, b

26、ecome the most important animals on the planet.于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。,聯(lián)想 Its sb.s turn to do sth.輪到某 人做某事 in turn 輪流，依次 by turns輪流；交替地 take turns to do sth.輪流做某事,翻譯 將下列句子譯成英文。 輪到我的時(shí)候,我給他們講了一個(gè)笑話。 輪到你看醫(yī)生啦。,Its your turn to see the doctor.,In my turn, I told them a joke.,13. watch out 注意,當(dāng)心(單獨(dú)用于祈使句) wa

27、tch out for 密切注意，提防 運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 當(dāng)心，別把桌子上的紙弄臟了。 _! Dont dirty the paper on the desk. 我們必須提防公共汽車上的小偷。 We must_ on the bus.,watch out for the thieves,Watch out,13watch out 注意，當(dāng)心(單獨(dú)用于祈使句) watch out for 密切注意，提防,運(yùn)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 當(dāng)心，別把桌子上的紙弄臟了。 _！Dont dirty the paper on the desk,Watch out, 我們必須提防公共汽車上

28、的小偷。 We must _ on the bus,watch out for the thieves,寫作句型仿寫,原句 It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水對(duì)于生命的發(fā)展會(huì)起關(guān)鍵作用, 這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。(B3 P26),1. It is obvious that. 顯然,例句 It was obvious that he had been late for school again. 很明顯他又遲到了。,同義 obviously/app

29、arently, /It is quite clear that. 短語 be fundamental to對(duì)是必要的;對(duì)是根本的,仿寫 (1) 很顯然他沒有成功。 It is obvious that he hasnt been successful. (2)顯然斷電了。 (3)很明顯你的學(xué)生明天沒有說實(shí)話。 _ _yesterday.,It was obvious that your student didnt tell you the truth,It is obvious that electricity has been cut off.,原句 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng), 使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。(B3 P26),2. make it + adj. + for sb. to do使某人做某事,例句 The present situation makes it difficult for us to accomplish the task on time. 目前的情況使我們很難按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。,說明 it是形式賓語, 后面的to do是