1、Revision Noun-Clauses,We can see that the students are playing cellphones in class.,What they are doing makes the teacher very unhappy.,The reason is that her students are not listening to her.,I want to know whether you will do it like these students.,賓語從句,主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,The fact that students play

2、 cellphones in class is very common.,同位語從句,請大聲朗讀下列幾組例句,常規(guī)主語從句 1. What I saw was beyond any verbal description. 2. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. 3. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. 4. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.

3、非常規(guī)主語從句 5. It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 6. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. 7. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 8. It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by th

4、e Chinese. 9. It is suggested that the work (should) be done with great care.,主語從句,. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu) (1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that It is an honor that It is common knowledge that (2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that It is strange that (3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that It happened that It appears that

5、 (4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that It has been proved that It is said that （5) 虛擬語氣：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,主語從句,1. 作動詞的賓語 （時態(tài)，語序，連接詞） 1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷? I heard that he joined the army. The teacher

6、 told us that the earth moves around the sun. 2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 a) She did not know what had happened. b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句 She told me that she would accept my invitation. 4）動詞一個堅持insist，兩個命令order, command, 三個建議suggest, propose, advice, 四個要

7、求ask, require, request, demand等用虛擬語氣 (suggestsuggestedsuggestion) I insist that she (should) do her work alone.,賓語從句,2. 作介詞的賓語 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容詞的賓語 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.,表語從句。,10.Our problem is where we can find more help .

8、11.My advice is that you should practice speaking English every day. 12.This is what I want to tell you . 13.That was why he was late for the meeting.,It做形式賓語 動詞 find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

9、 I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 否定前移 主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,

10、其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I dont think he will come to my party. (試變反意疑問句） I told you he isnt strong. (試變反意疑問句）,表語從句的最重要臉譜就是它們應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在系動詞（ be, look, remain, seem ）的后面，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有the reason is that ，it is because ，that is why.，that is the reason why. ，this is where (when, how, etc.) 。 1. The only question left is how

11、often the workers are paid. 2. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 3. This is where I was born and brought up.,表語從句,抽象名詞，即“有內(nèi)容的名詞”需要進(jìn)一步解釋，如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等，由that引導(dǎo)時，that不可以省略。 1. That fact that the policeman didnt fire at

12、 the man at all was ignored. 2. Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom. 3. The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited. 4. Word came that he would be the next president of China.,同位語從句,從屬連詞： that， whether /if as if(只用于表語從句）,連接副詞 : when, where, how, why 連接代詞 : who

13、 ， what ， which, whatever, whichever, whoever,只起連接作用， 不充當(dāng)從句 中的任何成分。,既起連接作用， 本身又做從句的成分。,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇三步驟,步驟一：如果從句中缺少主語，或者賓語，或者表語，則考慮用連接代詞； What,who ,which ,whose ,whatever 步驟二：如果從句中既不缺少主語，賓語，也不缺少表語，但是缺少一定意義的狀語，則考慮用連接副詞；where,when,why,how 步驟三：如果既不缺少主語，賓語，表語，也不缺少狀語，則考慮用從屬連詞。 that,whether,if,as if,_makes

14、the teacher angry is _the child doesnt know the answer.,What,that,The news _Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness.,Liu Xiang,that,1.The news came _Moyan won the Nobel prize for literature. 2.The reason_ we are so happy is _ Moyan is the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel P

15、rize .,that,why,that,When shall we meet?,It depends on you.,When we shall meet depends on you.,We bring many things here.,Those can be kept in the cabinet.,What we bring here can be kept in the cabinet.,Her hair was turning grey.,It worried her.,That her hair was turning grey worried her.,He said so

16、mething at the meeting.,It shocked everybody.,What he said at the meeting shocked everybody.,Join the sentences,Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. Time travel is possible. There is no scientific proof for the idea.,The fact that two t

17、hirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,Mr. Smith said a lot on how to learn English. His words gave us a lot of help. The winner will get the big prize. The result of the game will

18、be unfolded tonight.,What Mr. Smith said on how to learn English gave us a lot of help.,Whoever wins the game will get the big prize.,一. 同位語從句屬名詞性從句，即所引導(dǎo)的從句相當(dāng)于一個“名詞”；定語從句相當(dāng)于一個“形容詞” 二. that 在定語從句中做成分（代詞），作賓語時可以省；在同位語從句中不做成分（連詞），不能省。 1. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (

19、定） 2. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （同） 練：The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.,辨析一：同位語從句vs定語從句,that,It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主語從句) It is with Toms help that we were able to persuade him to join u

20、s. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型),辨析二：主語從句vs強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1基本式： It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist. 2. 一般疑問句式： Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist? 3. 特殊疑問句式： Where was it that you met the foreign tourist? 4復(fù)合句式： Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreig

21、n tourist?,判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句 4復(fù)合句式： Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist? 5套定語從句式： It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born. 6. 套定語從句加省略式： Where did you meet the foreign tourist? It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).,what 在從句中作的主

22、語、賓語、表語； that不作成分，無意義， 不可?。ㄖ髡Z從句和同位語從句中不可?。毁e語從句和表語從句中可?。?1. What he couldnt understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him. 2. The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession. 3. I think that your composition is no better than his. 4. That you dont love her

23、is not my business.,辨析三： that 和what,1.他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),2.你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),F,T,T,F,一、名詞性從句的語序,3. He asked me what was the matter with me. (

24、),T,判斷下列句子是否正確，（T or F）,陳述語序,辨析四：陳述語序 or 疑問語序,no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 wh-ever則二者兼收，來去自由。 1. Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主語從句) 2. Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (狀語從句) 3. Dont believe whatever he tells you. (賓語從句) 4. Dont believe him, whatev

25、er/ no matter what he tells you. (狀語從句),辨析五：no matter wh-和wh-ever,名詞性從句改錯,1.The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us. 2.What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry. 3.If well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,that,That,Whether,4.What he really means is what h

26、e disagrees with us. 5.When well finish translating the book depend on the time.,that,depends,考點3. 區(qū)別if 與whether,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth reading.,whether / if,whether,whether,4. It depends on _ we wi

27、ll have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,Remember it,名詞性從句中一般情況只用whether，表示“是否”不用if ， if用于條件句中表示“如果”,1.他犯了那樣一個錯誤真是遺憾。 _ is a pity . 2.他來不來不重要。 _doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter whether,That he made such a mi

28、stake,It is a pity that,考點 ：it作形式主語,Whether he will come or not,主語從句放在句首，句子顯得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞“it”來作形式主語。,1.That the earth moves around the sun is known to us all. It is known to us all that the earth moves around the sun. 2.Whether he will come here is not certain. It is not certain whether he

29、 will come here . 3.When we will have a holiday is still unknown. It is still unknown when we will have a holiday.,It + be + 形容詞 that從句,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that . 重要的是 It is strange that 很奇怪的是,It + be + -ed分詞 that從句,It is believed that 人們相信 It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知 It i

30、s said/reported that 據(jù)說，據(jù)報導(dǎo),It + be + 名詞 that從句,It is a pity that 遺憾的是 It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是,It + 不及物動詞 that從句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起,名詞性從句,(2)連接代詞,What Who which,Whom whose,whatever,whoever,whichever,if/whether,that,as if (只用于表語從句）,when,why,where,how，,how many，,how much，,(1)從屬連詞,(3)連接副詞,2.賓語從句,3.表語從句,4.同位語從句,1.主語從句,Everyone knew 1_An