1、句子的類型,簡單句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),復合句(complex sentence),exercises,簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結構），它是最小的句子單位。,Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主語,謂語,+ 賓語,表語,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pron

2、oun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英語句子基本成分示意圖,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,簡單句（六種句型）,1、主語+謂語,2、主語+系動詞+表語,3、主語+謂語+賓語,4、 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（雙賓語）,5、主

3、語+謂語+賓語+賓補（復合賓語）,6、There be +主語+地點狀語,The rain stopped.,We are students.,They like English.,He gave me a beautiful gift=He gave a beautiful gift to me.,We must keep the classroom clean.,There is a book, a pen and some pencils on the desk. There are two chairs, a desk and a bed in my room.,exercises,請

4、說出下列句子類型。,1.Summer is coming. 2.They wont let me go. 3.He showed me a new TV set. 4.She knows what to do. 5.The weather is very cold.,主語+謂語,主語+系動詞+表語,主語+謂語+賓語,主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（雙賓語）,主語+謂語+賓語+賓補（復合賓語）,1st Homework,Try to make at least one sentence of each type of the six types of SIMPLE SENTENCES. Or t

5、ranslate the following sentences.,你應當努力學習。 這個盒子重五公斤。 我的堂妹正在做數學作業(yè)。 王叔叔給他的兒子買了一本英漢字典。 他們不允許人們在候客室抽煙. 我們學校有一個公共游泳池,你應當努力學習。 這個盒子重五公斤。 我的堂妹正在做數學作業(yè)。 王叔叔給他的兒子買了一本英漢字典。 他們不允許人們在候客室抽煙. 我們學校有一個公共游泳池,You should study hard. This box weighs five kilos. My cousin is doing maths exercises. Uncle Wang bought his s

6、on an English-Chinese dictionary. They dont allow people to smoke in the waiting room. There is a public swimming pool in our school.,簡單句的基本成分的修飾語: 定語：即用來修飾句子的主語、賓語 (名詞或代詞 )的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾句子的謂語 (及物動詞、不及物動詞或短語）或整個句子 的成分（單詞 、短語或從句）。,簡單句的擴展成份 /,簡單句的主語、賓語 (名詞或代詞 )可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展， 謂語 (及物動詞、不及物動詞或短語）也

7、可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進行擴展。,附屬成分,定 語,John went towards a hospital slowly . John often came to chat with me Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.,Poor John went towards a hospital nearby Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brot

8、her. People that/who want to be healthy like sports.,狀 語,exercises,定 語,She likes green apples imported from the USA . John gave Mary many books，which are full of pictures .,狀 語,John likes oranges very much She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.

9、 Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry,back,并列句,需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號;把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，則構成一個并列句。,用分號： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分號，后跟一個連接副詞： We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.,用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,并列句,1、

10、He is a teacher but I am a doctor. 2. Hurry up, or you will be late. 3. Either you are mad or he is. 4. Not only is he an actor but also he is a director. 5. Neither are they farmers nor they are workers. 6. They first worked as doctors and later they worked as writers. 7. I was doing housework whil

11、e he was playing chess.,兩個簡單句的主語可以 由連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。 The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. The boss is fly

12、ing to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome. The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin. The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neithe

13、r the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.,主語、謂語、賓語的合并,兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。 I met Jane. I met her husband. I met Jane and her husband. I met both Jane and her husband. It was cold. It was wet. It was cold and wet. I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband. I didnt meet either Ja

14、ne or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband. 兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。 We sang all night. We danced all night. We sang and danced all night.,主語、謂語、賓語的合并,并列句,并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。,主語 謂語 賓語 連詞 主語 動詞 表語 Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.,五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。,主 謂 狀（方式） 連 主 謂 表 Frank

15、 worked hard and (he ) became an architect. 主 謂 賓 連 主 謂 地點 I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主 謂 賓 賓補 連 主 謂 賓 They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.,并列句,常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions,平行并列連詞: 轉折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neither nor,but, however

16、, while, yet,for, so, therefore, thus,or, eitheror,Exercise (Homework):請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,5. I l

17、ike volleyball. My brother likes basketball.,Exercise (Homework): 請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。,He was tired, so he went to bed.,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,He made a promise, but He didnt kee

18、p it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.,4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door , and John is greeting her guests.,5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball.,I like volleyball, while my brother likes basketball.,ba

19、ck,Homework:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.,4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball.,復合句是在簡單句的基礎上，通

20、過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構成。 從屬連詞所引導的句子因在主句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分（相當于起名詞、形容詞、副詞等的作用），就分別被稱之為：,1. 主語從句 2. 賓語從句 3. 表語從句 4. 定語從句 5. 狀語從句 6. 同位語從句,英文寫作中最常使用的從句 賓語從句 狀語從句 定語從句,復合句:主句+從句 主句是一個完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以獨立存在。 從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在.,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句,從句,主句,By the time he arrived,

21、 1 we had already left. 2,請指出該復合句的主句和從句部分。,從句,主句,練習: 請分別指出下列句子的主句和從句：,1、He is a man who is easy to work with.,2. I dont know whether he will come tomorrow.,3. When I saw him , he was washing clothes.,4. That he came made us happy.,5. The news that he won the first is true.,6. The question is where w

22、e should go tomorrow.,復合句,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,賓語,how much he was prepared to pay for my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when he wa

23、s leaving for Paris.,賓語從句,I dont know,him.,who he is .,that he has finished his work. whether he has finished his work.,賓語從句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washington. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether

24、 he is leaving for Washington.,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,the people,surprised,That,What he said what he did,主語,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定語,who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at school. who had signed the contract.,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,That,is,t

25、he fact.,表 語,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地點狀語,時間狀語,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,His father also worked there.,I lived there.

26、,He lived there three years ago.,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,Put the book,on the desk.,where you took it.,where it was.,地點狀語,where you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where there are a lot of trees.,wherever you like.,exercises,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,指出下列各從句的類型,I believe that everything is going

27、on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,賓語從句,狀語從句,定語從句,Practice,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句=主句+從句,Homework: 1. 用所給連詞連接句子。,1. He has found out. She was late. (why),2. I still remember the day. I first went to New York on that day. (when),Next,2. 將各組句子連接為

28、一個含有狀語從句的復合句。,1. He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因),Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （時間） It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （結果） Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (條件) We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(讓步）,連接句子。,He has found out. She w

29、as late. (why),He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day.,I still remember the day when I first went to York.,將各組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句的復合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday. He was ill.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him

30、. I see him. It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(讓步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasan

31、t, we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him. Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,back,由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所 構成的句子。在英語書面語中應用廣泛。 主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。 從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個 主句連用，不能獨立存在。 復合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接 在一起構成,但

32、復合句的各組成部份并非 同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引 導（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。,復合句小結,復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句 =主句+從句,I am busy. I am busy washing but my husband is playing Majiang with them. Although I am busy washing , my husband is playing Majiang with them.,簡單句,復合句,并列句,說出下面的句子是簡單句、并列句、還是復合句,1. 澳門是一座小城市，它坐落在廣東以南。 2. 我們一大早就出發(fā)了. 3. 雖然天要下雨,他還是拒絕帶傘. 4. 我最喜歡英語和計算機并且我很擅長. 5. 我們所有的人干得都很賣力,我們的衣服被汗水濕透了.,用適當的句式翻譯下列句子:,1.Macao is a small city, which lies to the south of Guangdong.,2. Early in the morning we set out.,3. He refused to take his umbrella with him though it was beginning to rain.,4. I like Engl