1、老齡化社會(huì)【翻譯原文】老齡化社會(huì)（an aging society）是指老年人口占總?cè)丝谶_(dá)到或超過一定的比例的人口結(jié)構(gòu)模型。按照聯(lián)合國的傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個(gè)地區(qū)60歲以上老人達(dá)到總?cè)丝诘?0%，新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是65歲老人占總?cè)丝诘?%，即該地區(qū)視為進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。老齡化的加速對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)都將產(chǎn)生巨大的壓力。2009年10月26日，中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日重陽節(jié)（the Double Ninth Festival）到來之際，中國正式啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化戰(zhàn)略研究，以積極應(yīng)對(duì)持續(xù)加劇的人口老齡化危機(jī)?！緟⒖甲g文】An aging society refers to a population structure model

2、in which aging population reaches or exceeds a certain proportion. The region is regarded as entering an aging society according to the UNs traditional standard that an areas old people over 60 years old takes up 10% of the total population, while the new standard is old people over 65 years old tak

3、es up 7% of the total population. The acceleration of aging will bring enormous pressure to both economy and society. On October 26, 2009 when the Double Ninth Festival, the traditional Chinese festival, came, China formally launched a strategic research on coping with aging of population to deal wi

4、th increasingly intensifying population aging crisis.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】達(dá)到或超過 reach or exceed老齡化的加速 the acceleration of aging巨大的壓力 enormous pressure中國正式啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化戰(zhàn)略研究，以積極應(yīng)對(duì)持續(xù)加劇的人口老齡化危機(jī)。China formally launched a strategic research on coping with aging of population to actively deal with increasingly intensifyin

5、g population aging crisis.（注：注意兩個(gè)“應(yīng)對(duì)”的不同翻譯）醫(yī)患交流【翻譯原文】醫(yī)生該如何學(xué)習(xí)誠實(shí)對(duì)待他們的病人呢？進(jìn)行更多關(guān)于如何與病人溝通其健康狀況的培訓(xùn)是極其重要的尤其是在告知（deliver）壞消息時(shí)。如果檢查結(jié)果對(duì)病人的健康沒有影響的話，醫(yī)生們可能不會(huì)把略有異常的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果告訴給焦慮的病人。相反地，醫(yī)生也許會(huì)夸大（exaggerate ）正常的結(jié)果，希望能刺激病人更好地照顧自己。而病人們也需要清楚并確定他們所期望的醫(yī)生的誠實(shí)度。畢竟，即便在醫(yī)生的辦公室里，交流也是雙向的?！緟⒖甲g文】How can doctors learn to be honest w

6、ith their patients? More training about how to communicate with patients about their health is criticalespecially when it comes to delivering bad news. Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, if it has no impact on the patients health. Conversely, they

7、might exaggerate a normal result in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself. Patients also need to be clear and certain about how honest they want their doctors to be. Communication is a two-way street, after all, even in the doctors office.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】極其重要的 critical尤其是在告知（deliver）壞消息

8、時(shí) when it comes to delivering bad news （注：注意come to的用法。come to sth. 其中的一個(gè)意思就是“當(dāng)達(dá)到某種狀況（尤指不好的狀況）時(shí)”。）如果檢查結(jié)果對(duì)病人的健康沒有影響的話，醫(yī)生們可能不會(huì)把略有異常的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果告訴給焦慮的病人。Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test, if it has no impact on the patients health.（注：注意這句話的翻譯順序，及檢查結(jié)果重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)

9、，翻譯時(shí)可譯為it。）希望能刺激病人更好地照顧自己 in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself清楚并確定 be clear and certain雙向的 a two-way street醫(yī)患關(guān)系【翻譯原文】醫(yī)患關(guān)系是一種人際互動(dòng)，而且醫(yī)生也是人。他們不想讓病人心煩，也不想讓病人難過或流淚。但他們也需要成為專業(yè)人士，所以他們需要找一種有效的溝通方式。對(duì)于醫(yī)生們來說，認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)是至關(guān)重要的。因?yàn)楸M管謊言是善意的，但研究表明病人們更喜歡真相，他們寧可聽到壞消息，也不愿意對(duì)對(duì)糟糕的身體狀況一無所知。完全知情是病人能對(duì)

10、所要發(fā)生的任何事情進(jìn)行處理和做好準(zhǔn)備的一種途徑?！緟⒖甲g文】The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction, and doctors are human too. They dont want to upset their patients, and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears. But they also need to be professionals, so they need to find out an effectiv

11、e way of communicating.Thats critical for doctors to realize, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, studies show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope a

12、nd prepare for whatever might occur.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】醫(yī)患關(guān)系 the doctor-patient relationship他們不想讓病人心煩，也不想讓病人難過或流淚。They dont want to upset their patients, and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears.（注：注意這句話的翻譯以及neither的用法。）善意的 well-intentioned寧可聽到壞消息，也不愿意對(duì)對(duì)糟糕的身體狀況一無所知would rather hear ba

13、d news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition（注：注意這句話的翻譯以及would rather.than.的用法，后面都用動(dòng)詞原形。）文化【翻譯原文】文化是一個(gè)非常廣泛的概念，給它下一個(gè)嚴(yán)格和精確的定義是一件非常困難的事情?；\統(tǒng)地說，文化是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，是人們長(zhǎng)期創(chuàng)造形成的產(chǎn)物，同時(shí)又是一種歷史現(xiàn)象，是社會(huì)歷史的積淀物（sediment）。確切地說，文化是能夠被傳承的國家或民族的歷史、地理、風(fēng)土人情、傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗、生活方式、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、行為規(guī)范、思維方式、價(jià)值觀念等，是人類之間進(jìn)行交流的普遍認(rèn)可的一種能夠傳承的意識(shí)形態(tài)

14、（ideology）?！緟⒖甲g文】Culture is a very broad concept, and it is extremely difficult to define it strictly and exactly. Generally speaking, culture is a social phenomenon, which is a product created by people for ages. And it is also a historical phenomenon, which is sediment of social history. To be exa

15、ct, culture is national and ethnic history, geography, local customs and practices, traditional custom, lifestyles, literature and arts, behavioral norms, the way of thinking, values and so on, which can be inherited. And it is also a kind of ideology of inheritance, which is widely recognized in co

16、mmunication of human beings.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】人們長(zhǎng)期創(chuàng)造形成的產(chǎn)物 a product created by people for ages確切地說 to be exact (=exactly speaking 注：由于前文用到了generally speaking，故本處換種表達(dá)方式。）風(fēng)土人情 local customs and practices賀歲片【翻譯原文】“賀歲片”(New Year films)一詞是由香港傳入內(nèi)地的。賀歲片是指在元旦、春節(jié)期間上映的電影。歡樂和放松是觀眾在逢年過節(jié)、尤其是春節(jié)期間普遍的追求,這就決定了賀歲片的風(fēng)格:輕松、幽默，具有強(qiáng)烈的

17、觀賞性和娛樂性。因此賀歲片多與百姓節(jié)日期間喜慶的生活和習(xí)俗相關(guān),形式多是娛樂性、消遣性較強(qiáng)的喜劇片和動(dòng)作片。賀歲片不僅為節(jié)日增加了喜慶氣氛，還帶給觀眾不斷的笑聲和頗多愉悅?！緟⒖甲g文】The phrase New Year films was spread to mainland from Hong Kong. New Year films refer to films shown/released during the New Year or the Spring Festival. It is a common pursuit of the audience to be happy and

18、 relaxed during festivals, especially the Spring Festival. This decides the style of New Year films: easy, humorous and highly valuable in appreciation and entertainment. So New Year films are related to peoples happy life and customs during festivals, and most of them are recreational comedies and action movies. New Year films not only add joyous atmosphere to festivals, but also bring continuous laughter and much pleasure to the a