1、非謂語動詞經(jīng)典用法講解,1,命題規(guī)律 1.考查立意較低，主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是，題目的設(shè)置注重了情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大了考生對題干句的理解難度。 2設(shè)問的角度呈現(xiàn)出多樣化趨勢，不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。 命題趨勢 不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度的多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會有所控制。,2,解題思路 解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓δ埽ㄈ鐮钫Z、定語或賓補(bǔ)）； 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關(guān)系（主動還是被動）； 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當(dāng)形式； 將該選項置入空中，看

2、是否能夠做到字從意順，或是否能傳達(dá)有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。,3,4,分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點 一、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別 1感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I pa

3、ssed by her room yesterday. I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。,5,2leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使處于某種狀態(tài)）。 leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事 leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多） leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done

4、 留下某事要做 如： (1)Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進(jìn)行）,6,。,(2)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. 客人們沒有動大部分菜，因為它們嘗起來不可口。 (3)He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。 (4)We hurriedly ended our meeting,

5、leaving many problems to be settled. 我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。,7, 解,3have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中have, get 表示“使、讓、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。如 Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 還表示“使遭受”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith

6、had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進(jìn)行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物開始行動起來,8,如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 農(nóng)忙時，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a sho

7、rt rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如： I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。 Dont have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個不停。,9, have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some sa

8、lt. I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.,10,二、下列動詞后跟帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers h

9、ad been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.,11,三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門 下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to： 它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5

10、看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiti

11、ng for such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.,12,不定式、分詞作定語用法要點 一、不定式作定語 1作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. Here is some pa

12、per for you to write on. 但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in).,13,2當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較： Have you anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”） Have you an

13、ything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式to be sent 的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）,14,3用不定式作定語的幾種情況： (1)不定式表將來： I borrowed some books to read in my holidays (2)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。如： He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Women and chi

14、ldren were the first to get into it. (3)用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如： Do you have the ability to read English ? I havea chance to go sight seeing.,15,二、分詞作定語 1作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為： doing(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關(guān)系） being

15、 done(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正 在進(jìn)行時） done(表示被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時) 如： The houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Toms. I have never seen a more moving movie. 2作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：doing 和done doing 表示正在進(jìn)行；done表示已經(jīng)完成。如： falling leaves 正落的葉子fallen leaves 落下的葉子 boiling water 正沸騰的水boiled water

16、沸騰過的水（白開水）,16,三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別 to be done(表示一個未來的動作) done表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。 being done(表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生) 如： He is a man loved and respected by all. Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is

17、 a very important one.,17,不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點 一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩： 決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。 decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive（斗爭） 等也要用不定式作賓語。例如： She pretended not to see

18、 me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,18,二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / apprecia