1、句 子 成 分及句型 Members and Structures of a Sentence,1,句子分類(lèi),簡(jiǎn)單句,復(fù)合句,并列復(fù)合句,主從復(fù)合句,有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。 如：and, but, or, so等,定語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句,由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）組成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。,2,英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種

2、 基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。,掌握這五種基本句型, 是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,一: (主謂) 二: (主系表) 三: (主謂賓) 四: (主謂間賓直賓) 五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)),3,*句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng),英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種： _ _ _ 和_,主語(yǔ)(subject)、,謂語(yǔ)(predicate)、,表語(yǔ)(predicative)、,賓語(yǔ)(object)、,定語(yǔ)(attribute)、,狀語(yǔ)(adverbial),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement),4,主語(yǔ)subject,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hu

3、rry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,主語(yǔ): 可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞, 主格代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式, 動(dòng)名詞等等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。,名詞,主格代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,the + 形容詞,句子,5,The students got on the school bus. 2.His job is to train swimmers. 3.We often sp

4、eak English in class. 4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,(一) 挑出下列句中的主語(yǔ),6,謂語(yǔ)predicate,謂語(yǔ): 簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組 構(gòu)成, 是完整的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。一般在 主語(yǔ)之后。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞; He can s

5、peak English well. She has finished the homework.,7,.,2. He managed to finish the work in time 3.I have been learning English for 1o years. 4.He should tell me the truth . 5.My brother doesnt like study. 6.I shall answer your question after class.,(二) 挑出下列句中謂語(yǔ),8,I like my job. I love you.,He wanted

6、to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was.,（三）賓語(yǔ)object,賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂 語(yǔ)后面.由名詞,代詞,介詞短語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)及從句充當(dāng)。,9,賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ). 直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人. He gave me some books., 間接 賓語(yǔ), 直接 賓語(yǔ),Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers.,10,(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework

7、. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,11,(四)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)object complement,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you h

8、ear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,形容詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞,動(dòng)詞不定 式,介詞短語(yǔ),副詞,名詞,12,(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to

9、take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.,13,（五）定語(yǔ) (Attributive):,定語(yǔ)的作用？ 用于修飾、限定名詞或代詞。 定語(yǔ)一般由？ 充當(dāng)。 girl 定語(yǔ)還可以由名詞充當(dāng)，表用途。 a pencil box,形容詞,beautiful,a,14,定語(yǔ) (Attributive):,定語(yǔ)也可以由從句或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。 Those who want to learn Engl

10、ish well should study harder than others. an interesting book a meeting to attend 定語(yǔ)也可以由介詞（詞組）充當(dāng)。 The books on the shelf,15,(五) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the

11、other shoe!,16,（六）狀語(yǔ)adverbial,用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或句子.可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,17,(六) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face. Ev

12、ery night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.,18,They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.,（七）表語(yǔ)predicative,19,（七）表語(yǔ)

13、,在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be動(dòng)詞 (am, is, are) 感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 變化系動(dòng)詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,20,(七) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subje

14、ct.,21,八、同位語(yǔ) appositive,同位語(yǔ) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置時(shí), 一個(gè)句子成分用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋 另一個(gè)句子成分, 這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的 同位語(yǔ)。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語(yǔ), 都指同一批“學(xué)生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位語(yǔ), 都指同樣的“我們”),22,牛刀小試,23,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _ 2. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 3. I have a

15、 lot work to do. _ 4. His job is to train swimmers. _ 5. She smiled. _ 6. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,e,b,e,c,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,劃分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,31,1.You will tell (your) friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare o