1、高三英語精品復(fù)習(xí)資料：英語短文改錯(cuò)【命題趨向】短文改錯(cuò)是一項(xiàng)主要測試考生的判斷能力，觀察能力、糾錯(cuò)能力語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及語言的綜合運(yùn)用能力。短文改錯(cuò)的趨勢(shì)：1.改錯(cuò)短文以記敘文和說明文為主。2.文章內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生生活，沒有生僻詞匯和復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，文章簡單易懂，錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置也很簡單，多為學(xué)生平常作文中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。3.短文一般100詞左右，錯(cuò)誤有9處。4.常見錯(cuò)有三種:錯(cuò)詞、多詞、缺詞。錯(cuò)詞占60%左右【錯(cuò)誤類型】1.錯(cuò)詞2.多詞3.缺詞4.正錯(cuò)錯(cuò)詞多詞缺詞正錯(cuò)2007年全國卷i71112007年全國卷ii71112007年陜西卷i6211【考點(diǎn)透視】一錯(cuò)詞的熱點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)非謂語；主謂關(guān)系。2聯(lián)系詞關(guān)系

2、代詞和關(guān)系副詞；連詞；連接詞。3名詞可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名字的單復(fù)數(shù)變化。4介詞介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配錯(cuò)誤。5形容詞/副詞詞類錯(cuò)用。6冠詞定冠詞和不定冠詞的錯(cuò)用。7代詞人稱代詞；物主代詞；反身代詞。8慣用法固定句型，固定短語。二多詞和缺詞熱點(diǎn)1.冠詞2.介詞3.副詞4.代詞5.關(guān)聯(lián)詞6.小品詞to【短文改錯(cuò)主要特點(diǎn)】1.語言材料取自于學(xué)生的習(xí)作。2.短文為貼近學(xué)生生活的話題或?qū)W生身邊事。3.短文難度符合學(xué)生水平。4.語言簡單易懂。5.沒有生僻的語言現(xiàn)象或繁難的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。【例題解析】一錯(cuò)詞1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：（1）時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致的錯(cuò)誤?！?】整體時(shí)態(tài)：*then i ask him “grand

3、ma, how come you have so much lines on your hand”全文為故事，故ask改為asked。*high over the water, theydiscovera hole in the balloon.the hole became bigger and bigger.全篇使用過去時(shí)態(tài)，故改discover- -discovered【2】主謂一致*having fun with their friendsmakethem happy.動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式makes。*but the most wonderful thing about

4、 jack werehis musical ability。主語為the most wonderful thing故此，系詞為was*but not all informationaregood to society.主語不可數(shù)，所以動(dòng)詞用is。（2.）動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：*in american big cities, thousandsselltickets to watch football or basketball games.(buy)根據(jù)句子意思，數(shù)千人買票去看比賽。故sell改為buy。（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞【1】動(dòng)名詞錯(cuò)誤*i am looking forward toseeall of y

5、ou again in the near future.(seeing)解析：to為介詞，故此see改為seeing*not onlyplayfootball makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.解析：主語應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞，故play football改為playing football【2】現(xiàn)在分詞*the airkeepsthe balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.解

6、析：分詞做定語，故keeps改為keeping*i found a small house standing in a field with a light shonefrom the sitting room.解析：with a light shone改為with a light shining。a light和shining為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。【3】不定式*i just want to thank you for helping mebecominga different person.(become)解析：help sb do sth故改becoming為become*he did notwan

7、t sharethings with others.解析：want to share sth. want后可跟不定式做賓語。【4】過去分詞*i have some recordsgivingto me as birthday gifts.解析：have sth done,some records和give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故改為given。2連詞錯(cuò)誤：*i came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen doorbutturn on the light.解析：根據(jù)句意，“我看到他們中的一個(gè)人走進(jìn)廚房，

8、并且打開燈?！眱蓚€(gè)分句子之間是并列關(guān)系。故改but為and*we would return at night to hearthathed picked up from the radio in the day.解析：考查賓語從句，pick up缺賓語，故改that為what*the classes helped me understandwhatthe world works解析：根據(jù)句子意思，“這些課程有助于我了解世界是怎么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的”故改what為how。*he was silent for a moment.sohe answered slowly: “each of these line

9、s stands for a trouble”解析：根據(jù)句子意思，so改為then/and3.形容詞/副詞錯(cuò)用：*you always gave mespeciallyattention.解析：名詞應(yīng)該被形容詞special修飾。*it isreala good chance to have met all of you here.解析：副詞really修飾系詞，故改real為really。*my hometown has taken on a new look.howgreatit has changed !解析：great修飾動(dòng)詞，故改為：greatly4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：*this is my

10、 first visit toaamerican family.(an)解析：american第一個(gè)音標(biāo)的音素是元音，故用an.*each player must obeycaptain, who is the leader of the team.解析：有定語修飾，the特指captain.*suddenly, i caughtasight of my english teacher in the crowd.解析：固定搭配catch sight of.故此去掉冠詞a。5.代詞錯(cuò)誤：【1】反身代詞*i just smiled tomeand thought, 解析：主語和賓語相同，故此mem

11、yself?！?】形容詞性物主代詞*besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and tryhisbest to make the activities lively and interesting.(his -their)解析：主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，因此try ones best【3】it/that/them /us*i thoughtthatwas dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other.解析：that不可以做形式主語，故改為it。*it was abo

12、ut noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.the three ofthemwere very excited.前后人稱錯(cuò)誤。故此改them為us.6.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格的錯(cuò)誤*she marked strictly onstudentsperformance.(students)解析：根據(jù)句意，學(xué)生們的表演，故改為students performance*physics is one of the most difficultsubjectfor us (subjects )解析：one of說明后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式。*we pra

13、ctice three times every week and oftenwatchfootball match on tv together.解析：常?？幢荣?，故此match改為matches.* i have nopapersto write on.解析：紙不可數(shù)，所以改為paper7.介詞錯(cuò)誤*he leftshanghaiata cold night.解析：一天的部分被修飾時(shí)，介詞用on,*i am a new comerofa small town.解析：根據(jù)句子意思，來自一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)come from a small town.* i was caughtbythe rain las

14、t night解析：固定短語be caught in the rain遇上雨。8.語意錯(cuò)誤*thousandsselltickets to watch football or basketball games.解析：句子意思：數(shù)千人賣掉票去看足球或者籃球比賽。故此錯(cuò)誤，sellbuy*not all people like to workandeveryone like to play.解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜歡工作，并且所有的人喜歡玩。語意錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，andbut二多余詞多詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be助詞等?！?】連詞多余：*they did not want br

15、eakfast becausethatthey were going out early in the morning.解析：連詞多余，故此去掉(that)，原句是狀語從句?！?】介詞多余：*the crowd waitingforto greet them inenglandwas very surprised.(for)解析：沒有賓語，所以去掉for。【3】冠詞多余：*suddenly i caughtasight of my english teacher in the crowd.解析：固定短語，catch sight of :偶然看見?！?】系詞/助詞多余：*my motherwas

16、asked : “have you taken medicine ?”解析：根據(jù)句意，是媽媽問：故為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。三：缺詞缺詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be助詞/【1】缺介詞*he was looking for a glass the cupboard (in)解析：根據(jù)句意，in the cupboard做狀語?！?】缺冠詞*however, the popular teacher is atsametime the one who should be strict with students.(the)解析：形容詞same和the搭配使用,故給same前加the?！?】缺連接詞*in o

17、ne class, i learned it rained(why)解析：根據(jù)句子意思可知，缺連接詞，句意為：“在一節(jié)課上，我知道了下雨的原因”?！?】缺系詞*what your favorite sport ?(is)解析：句子中缺系詞，在what加is.【專題訓(xùn)練與高考預(yù)測】此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷，如無錯(cuò)誤，在刻行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾（）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正；該行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在該行在邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。該行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下

18、面劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞注意：原行沒能錯(cuò)的不要改passage 1misschinaguan qi, a 21-years-old college student fromjilin1._province, had won the miss china 2003 beauty pageant2._in sanya,hainanprovince, on september 21.3._besides judged on their looks, the 32 competitors4._were tested on their write ability, english sk

19、ills,5._team-work and generally knowledge. miss guan qi6._impressed the judges who present with her excellent7._replies during the question or answer section. she will8._represent(代表) chinese in the final of miss world9._to be holding in sanya on december 6.10._passage 2today i showed some foreign f

20、riend around our city.1._we started off in car from the friendship hotel at 8:00 a. m.2._we first got tojinshanpark. we are all struck by its3._beautiful flowers on show. then, we visited thecitymuseum.4._we saw plenty of valuable things, from that we learned a lot5._about the city. after that, they

21、 drove tojinshantemple. that is6._a beautiful place of interest in our city, but there we enjoyed7._the wonderfully scenery of the sea. we had a delicious lunch at the 8._seafood restaurant and we returned back at noon.all the foreign9._friends were pleased with my arrangement. we did have the10_won

22、derful time today.passage 3dear mr. brown,i am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1_before you came to teach us, i had notinterest in2_english.my pronunciation was terribly.i could 3_only speak a few words.but one and a half year later,4_i now think english fun to learn.i got a lot from your5

23、_encouraging words.i will always remember what you6._said,“if you try to, you can be no 1 !”i hope youve7_had pleasant journey home and will come to china8_again sometimes in the future.i will write again 9_and send you the photos we take together10_passage 4there are advantage for students to work

24、while 1_studying at school.one of them was that2_they can earn money.for the most part,3_students working to earn money for their own4_use.earning their own money allow them5 _to spend on anything as if they please.6_they wouldhave to ask their parents for7_money or for permission to do things by8 _

25、the money.some students may also to save 9_up for our college or future use.10_passage 5dear mr. brown,i am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1_before you came to teach us, i had not interest in 2_english.my pronunciation was terribly.i could3_only speak a few words.but one and a half year l

26、ater,4_i now think english fun to learn.i got a lot from your 5_encouraging words.i will always remember what you6_said,“if you try to, you can be no 1 !”i hope youve_had pleasant journey home and will come to china_again sometimes in the future.i will write again 9_and send you the photos we take t

27、ogether10_passage 6dear anish,here are the information aboutmanchesteruniversity1._it is about 200 miles far away fromlondonand it 2_has a very big schoolyard.you can live in the school 3_or near the school.they have all sorts of course.4_ _im sure you will find one you like it.i know you 5_are part

28、icular interested in human rights.so i will 6_see that there is anything on their website 7_i will send my friend charlie meet you at the airport 8_when you arrived.you met him a few years ago, but he 9_has changed a lot since then.both your aunt or i look 10_forward to seeing you again.passage 7dea

29、r ralph,im a senior student. i have be in love with a boy1_for three years.but he is a shy boy, so i wrote him a letter firstly2._to express my feeling. and he wrote back. in his letter3_he said, “we are students. our task is study. let us wait4_to see until we have any chance after graduation.” so5

30、. _after graduation i called to him, asking him about6._go out. but he said he didnt want to. he just7. _wanted to sleep and watched tv.8. _what do you think i should do? do you think9._i should continue to love him and give up?10_sheilapassage 8my hometown is a pretty city, so people there1._are ki

31、nd and polite.with coming of spring, grass and2. _trees turn green,and flowers grew in many colors.3 _in summer, the sea under the blue sky is even more4 _beautiful.after autumn arrives, the city looks as5. _an old man with leaves fallen from the trees.in winter,6. _a lot of white birds come to my c

32、ity for food.i can7. _wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long8. _time.while they find fish coming to the surface,9. _they fly down immediate and catch them without10. _delay.that is my city, and i love it so much.passage 9dear doctor,my name is wang lin. im a middle school student.i havea

33、 problem and im writing to ask you for some advices.1._im just 1.57 meters high, and my weight is 71 kilos.many2._students often make fun me.some boys are unfriendly to me.3._they called me “ meat ball”. that makes me feel unhappy.4._im now worry about my weight. though i am a bit too fat, i5._feel

34、rather good. i enjoy my meals. i love eating meat very6._much. and i like sweet food, either. i often have sugar with7._tea, milk, porridge, and even hot water. in the past two months8._i have put off 5 kilos. im worried about this problem,9._but i dont know what to lose weight quickly. please help

35、me,10_dear doctor!i hope to hear from you as soon as possible.with best wishes,wang linpassage 10women，present and ancient，at the home and 1_abroad,wear long hair,that adds to their beautybut few 2_people realize it affects her brainshair grows constantly3_it takes in nourishment(營養(yǎng)) constantlyif it

36、 was short 4_of nourishment,itll die and falls offbody supplies hair with 5_nourishment,it cant be stopped even in a minutesif it takes in 6_too many,that means hair has already used too much 7_nourishment which body gives it to the headas time passes，8_brain is relatively short of nourishmentit lea

37、ds dizziness 9_(頭昏)therefore ones brains will be weakened10_passage 11its easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so its 1_easier to fall into bad habits than into good one 2_bad habits dont come suddenlyit come little by 3_littleschoolboys first picks up a little in school and on 4_the streetswhen

38、 they cannot write their homework，they 5_copy from their schoolmateif they see bigger boys 6_smoking，they also want learn to smokewhen they 7_get bigger，the habits become stronger or 8_stronger，so that they can not longer get rid of 9_themwhat necessary it is that we get rid of the bad 10_habits in

39、the beginning！passage 12fred and i havent many in common. i sometimes1. _wonder why we were friends at all. fred is2. _always busy make things. everything he makes is3. _so perfect that i sometime feel envy at his skill.4. _my trouble is that im one of those lazy people.5. _outside my work at the of

40、fice, the only thing which6. _interests me is listening to the music. i have a7. _big collection of records but all day long the 8. _only thing i can think is when im going to9. _get home listen to a new piece.10. _passage 13mary was an university student. she didnt havemuch1 _money and her parents

41、were not rich, and she had an uncle2. _who had been fortunately enough to collect great wealth.3. _he always give her valuable christmas and birthday presents.4. _when her uncles birthday came round, mary wantedbuy him5. _something really special, but because she was rich, she did not6. _know how to

42、 get him. she went into the best shop in her7. _town and explained what her problem was to one of helpful8. _shop assistants. finally she asked, “what do you have for9. _someone who has already got everything he wants or needs.10the assistant sighed deeply and answered, “envy, only envy.”pasasage14a

43、s the world enters the 21stcentury, the development in the 1 _science and technology will bring us much more new hopes and 2_chance weve never imagined before.people are hoping have 3_a peacefully and highly developed world.to catch up with 4_the new development and to be success in the new century

44、the 5_younger generation is required to have different kind of skills 6_and abilities, such like the computer science and the english 7_language.otherwise one will be left behind.young people should 8_study even hard at school and prepare themselves mentally 9_and physically to meet with the challen

45、ge of the new century 10_passage 15mark twain was born in a small town ofhorid.whenhe is only 1_twelve years old, his father died.late he became a river boat pilot.2_mark twain was her pen name.during the american civil war 3_he worked as a reporter and write a lot of stories.gradually he 4_made his

46、 mark and his work were popular.he became one of the 5_best known writer of the 19thcentury in the u.s.a.in his life 6_mark twain wrote the number of stories and novels, on which 7_“adventure of tom sawyer” is the most famous one.his writings 8_have been translated to many other languages, and they

47、are 9_deeply love by the readers all over the world.10 _【參考答案】key:11. 21-years-old -21-year-old2. had won -won3.4.judged- being5. written- writing 6. generally- general7.去掉who或who-were8. or -and9. chinese- china10. holding- heldkey 21.friend-friends 2.in by 3.arewere 4right 5.thatwhich 6.they-we7.bu

48、tand 8.wondefullywonderful 9 back/ 10theakey 31.withfor 2.notno 3terriblyterrible 4. yearsyears 5.is6right7./to8 a9 sometimessometime 10 take tookkey 4there areadvantagefor students to work while _ advantagesstudying at school.one of themwasthatisthey can earn money.for the most part,studentsworking

49、to earn money for their ownworkuse.earning their own moneyallowthemallowsto spend on anything as if they please.ifthey wouldhave to ask their parents fornotmoney or for permission to do thingsbywiththe money.some students may also to save/toup forourcollege or future use.theirkey 5dear mr. brown,i a

50、m writing to thank youwithyour kind help.forbefore you came to teach us, i hadnotinterest innoenglish.my pronunciation wasterribly.i couldterribleonly speak a few words.but one and a halfyearlater,yearsi now think englishfun to learn.i got a lot from yourisencouraging words.i will always remember what yourightsaid,“if you tryto,you can be no 1 !”i