1、The Subjunctive Mood虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣,語(yǔ)氣的定義,語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表明說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。,語(yǔ)氣的種類,1.陳述語(yǔ)氣：表明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句，疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。,We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day it is!,2.祈使語(yǔ)氣,表明說(shuō)話人的建議，請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)，命令等。,Be careful! Dont forget to close the window. Open the door, please.,3,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不

2、是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。,If I were you , I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed!,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法。,條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。,真實(shí)條件句：假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的。,If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.,虛擬條件句：假設(shè)的情況是過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)都不可能發(fā)生的。,If he had seen you yesterday,he would

3、have asked you about it.,1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句-過(guò)去式(be通常用were)， 主句-should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”：,If I knew her number I could ring her up.,If he were free, he would help us.,If he studied at this school, he would know you well.,Should用于第一三人稱 would表示結(jié)果， might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性,1.要是你再試一試，你就會(huì)成功的。,If yo

4、u tried again you would succeed 。,2，如果我是只鳥(niǎo)，我就能在天上飛了。,I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.,3. If I _ (是 )you , I _(就不會(huì))buy that coat.,Were,Shouldnt,4.If I _(有) a knife，I _(就殺了) you。,Had would kill,2.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反或?qū)?lái)的愿望推測(cè),從句-did /should +do /were to do 主句-should/ would/ could/ might +do,If it rained t

5、omorrow , our picnic would be put off.,If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.,If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.,3，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句had done 主句should/ would/ could/ might +have done,If I had left sooner，I would have been on time.,2)要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話，我們就可以救活

6、他,If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.,注意： 1，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be時(shí)，不管其主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)通常都用were，但在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中的單數(shù)第一人稱和第三人稱后，也可用was，不過(guò)在 If I were you這樣的表達(dá)中，通常還是以用were為宜。,2）當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：,If he should agree to go there, we would send him there.,Sho

7、uld he agree to go there, we would send him there.,If he had learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.,Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.,If she were here, she would agree with us,Were she here, she would agree with us,在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，逐句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬

8、語(yǔ)氣。現(xiàn)將虛擬條件句從句和主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表如下：,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法,一，wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句,1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反-一般過(guò)去時(shí) 2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反-過(guò)去完成時(shí) 3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反-過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),1.I wish_ (他再試一次),he would try again,2.I wish _(和你一樣年輕),I were as young as you,3.I wish_(我看過(guò)這部電影),I had seen that film,4.I wish_(我將來(lái)當(dāng)個(gè)醫(yī)生),I would become a doctor,二，advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, in

9、sist(堅(jiān)決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動(dòng)詞,The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.,The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul,三，It is suggested / requested / desired / propo

10、sed /. that 后接主語(yǔ)從句時(shí) advice, desire, order, plan, , recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)后接同位語(yǔ)從句，或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句中都用(should)+do,We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help He told us his idea that he should go to university His suggestion is that we should do our w

11、ork more carefully. Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. It is suggested that he should go to visit his old friend.,四，as if (though) 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過(guò)去時(shí)； 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成時(shí)； 表示將來(lái)的可能性不大would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形：,I love you as if_(你是我兒子),you were my son.,They talked as if_

12、(以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面),They had met each other before,They are happy as if_(他們要去月球了),They would go to moon,五，It is (high) time that 到了.的時(shí)候了,It is time that + 過(guò)去時(shí) It was time that +過(guò)去完成時(shí),六 , would rather 寧愿，用法同 wish, as if,七，if only 要是就好了，用法同上,1，The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to

13、prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,Exercise,2,Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he _ an Englishman. A. wereB. would be C. have beenD. had been,3,_ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain been C. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been,4, If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had knownB. would know C. should knowD. knew,5, Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when