1、英語中的五種基本句型,英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補）,基本句型 一 +（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短

2、語、狀語從句等。,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動

3、作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。,基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補） 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。,典型例題分析,1.They work har

4、d. 主 + 謂 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡賓 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂,除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞

5、短語）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例： We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers

6、listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報告。,不同的動詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動詞時，應(yīng)掌握動詞的類型。以 get 為例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got

7、her a splendid present. (S V 0 O) 在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了這本書。S V O M） I found the book easy. 我覺得這本書很容易。 （S V O C）,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the

8、Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V,Ministry: Thai bird flu did not originate in China According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test c

9、entre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. s+v+p,A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei Count

10、y, northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region, August 12, 2006. Xinhua,Members of Hong Kong singing group, Gillian Chung (L) and Charlene Choi hold a banner which reads “Dignity” during a news conference entitled “Privacy and dignity: Hong Kong peoples business” in Hong Kong August 28, 2006. Semi-nude phot

11、os of Chung taken with a hidden camera have sparked an uproar(騷動) among fans and womens right groups. S+ V+O,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist

12、 who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 這個定理，先是由十七世紀法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。 簡析：夾雜過去分詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語，動名詞及兩個定語從句。,英語句式考查,1.Whomwouldyou

13、rather_thecar? Myfather. A. havefix B. havetofix C. hadfix D. havetobefixed 2.Wasit8oclock _youheardsomeone_ atthedoor? A.when;knockingB.when;knock C.that;knockingD.that;knock 3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_the exhibitionwasheld? A.that;that B.where;where C.that;where D.where;that 4.Is_youwanttosay?

14、Yes,_thatsallIknow. A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unless C.thatall;D.allthat;so,5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradio broadcastsbegan? A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since 6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto? A.WhenwasitthatB.Whenhas C.HasD.Had 7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy? A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it 8.Wasitattheair

15、battleonJune8,1994,_ wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peter losthislife? A.when;thatB.that;who C.which;thatD.which;when,9.-Would you tell me _you want your tea, with sugar or milk? -Sugar, please. A.whether B.when C.what D.how 10.At last the soldiers reached _the locals called the Golden Triangle. A.what B.w

16、hich C.as D.one 11. “Well make public schools _can be.”said the president in the speech. A.what they B.what it C.that they D.all it 12.The art center is _used to be a factory, _ millions of tractors were made. A.what, where B.where, where C.what, which D.where, which,13.The thought of going home to his family was all _kept him happy while he was working abroad . A.that B.what C.those D.which 14