1、,Unit Four Language and Culture Part One,Teaching Contents,I. Warm-up II. Cultural Differences III. Identifying Difference IV. Reading Comprehension,Warm-up,I, In a physics class Professor: What is matter? Students: Never mind. Professor: Then what is mind? Students: It doesnt matter.,English to Chi

2、nese Translation,Version I 教授：什么是物質(zhì)呀？ 學(xué)生：非精神也。 教授：什么是精神呢？ 學(xué)生：不是物質(zhì)，就是精神。,Version II,教授：什么是物質(zhì)呀？ 學(xué)生：沒什么要緊的啦! 教授：什么是精神呢？ 學(xué)生：沒什么關(guān)系的啦! Can your translation be as humorous as the original?,II.Cultural Differences,2.1. Theoretical Background 2.2. Color Terms in Chinese and English 2.3. Animal Words in Engli

3、sh and Chinese,Theoretical Background,Cultural Differences of Languages 1. Lexical Level 2. Pragmatic Level 3. Discoursal Level 4. Stylistic Level,Culturally Loaded Words文化負(fù)載詞(Cultural Loaning Words),1.是指標(biāo)志某種文化中特有事物的詞組和短語. 2.文化負(fù)載詞是反映一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族特有的文化和歷史的一些詞匯.,2.2 Color Terms in Chinese and English,Grou

4、p Work 1.紅糖 2.紅茶 3.眼紅 4.開門紅 5.紅白喜事,1. brown sugar 2. black-tea 3. green-eyed 4. to begin well, to make a good start 5. weddings and funerals,1. 清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑鍋 5.黃色書刊,1.pure/clean/stainless 2.supercilious look 3.blue sky 4.be made a scapegoat/ be unjustly blamed 5.filthy books,blue book a blue Mo

5、nday a white lie a green wound red-letter days,藍(lán)皮書（美）刊載知名人士的書 倒霉的星期一 善意的謊言 新傷，未痊愈的傷口 喜慶的日子,Translating the Underlined Part,1) Hes just a green recruit fresh from college 2) I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didnt hear me 3) One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and s

6、aid she was my sister 4) The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant,5 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family 6 Youd better do something to prove youre not 7 Can you see the green in her eyes? 8 The mere thought of her husband with the secretary made

7、her see yellow,9) I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order. 10) When Im feeling blue, all I have to do is take a look at you, and then Im not so blue 11) Dont tell me any white lie to make me feel good 12) It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get perm

8、ission,13 His type of humor is a bit too black for my tastes 14 Are you all right? You look absolutely white 15 He based his judgment on headlines and yellow journalism,yellow journalism 指不擇手段的夸張，渲染以招攬或影響讀者的黃色新聞編輯作風(fēng)。如突出社會(huì)丑聞，把普通新聞寫得聳人聽聞，有時(shí)甚至歪曲事實(shí)以引起轟動(dòng)等。,Exercise,Work together to make a tentative summa

9、ry of the potential cultural implications of the following color terms. Red Yellow Green Blue Black White,Sharing Knowledge: Language as an environment,Chinese Zodiac,mouse,ox,tiger,snake,dragon,rabbit,Chinese Zodiac,horse,sheep,dog,pig,rooster,monkey,Favorite Animals,Chinese: Crane, cat, rabbit, ox

10、, horse, panda, swan, peacock, gold fish, birds English: Dog, cat, horse, birds, sheep,Reading I,How is Language Related to Culture,1 Culture and language are interwined and shape each other, 1)If we select language without being aware of the cultural implications, we may at best not communicate wel

11、l and at worst send the wrong message 2) All language have social questions and information questions,3) The words in themselves do not carry the meaning which comes out of the context, the cultural usage 2 Language reflects the environment in which we live 3 Additionally, language reflects cultural

12、 values 4 To communicate concepts effectively, cultural knowledge is as important as linguistic knowledge,5 Communication across cultures and languages is difficult and full of hurdles and pitfall,III. Identifying Difference,3.1 Denotations and Connotations 3.2 Kinship terms and more,Lexical Level,D

13、enotations: the meanings that relate it to the objects or concepts refers to, the actual or fictional things that are symbolized. (Dictionary meaning) Connotations: refer to the additional meaning that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning. (Associated meaning),Lexical Cultural Difference,

14、1. Words with the same denotational and connotational meaning (Sun, Dove, Fox) 2. Words with the same denotational but different connotational meanings (Owl, Cricket, Willow) 3. Words with different denotational and connotational meanings (Dragon, Propaganda, Intellectual),Kinship Terms,Consider the

15、 following Chinese terms: 叔叔 伯伯 舅舅 姨夫 姑父 阿姨 姑姑 舅母 嬸嬸 小姨子 大嫂 小舅子 小叔子 妹夫 婆婆公公岳母岳父 表兄弟堂兄弟表姐妹堂姐妹 連襟妯娌,Problems in Intercultural Understanding,A. 林黛玉的母親是賈寶玉的姑母，賈寶玉的母親是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛寶釵的姨母。 B. Three cousins of the French President were also to receive diamonds.,Different Connotational Meanings of the Word “Dog

16、”,1. watchdog 監(jiān)察人監(jiān)察團(tuán) 2. Love me, love my dog愛屋及烏 3. Every dog has his day.人人皆有得意日 4. Be as faithful as a dog. 效犬馬之勞 5. An old dog will learn no new tricks. (=You cannot teach old dogs new tricks.) 諺老狗學(xué)不了新把戲; 老年人很難適應(yīng)新事物。,6. Hes top dog in the office.佼佼者，優(yōu)勝者 7. Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 諺一旦給

17、人加一個(gè)壞名聲, 他就永遠(yuǎn)洗刷不掉; 人言可畏。跳進(jìn)黃河也洗不清 8.My aunt, always happy to help a lame dog over a stile .濟(jì)人之急, 幫助人渡過難關(guān)(通常指金錢上的幫助),1. 狗膽包天: monstrously audacious 2. 狗急跳墻:a cornered beast will do something desperate 3. 狼心狗肺: cruel and unscrupulous; brutal and cold-blooded; heartless and ungrateful 4. 狗仗人勢(shì): like a do

18、g threatening people on the strength of its masters power, that is be a bully with the backing of a powerful person 5. 狗皮膏藥: dogskin plaster quack medicine,6. 狗頭軍師: a person who offers bad advice; villainous adviser 7. 狗血噴頭: let loose a stream of abuse against somebody 8. 狗尾續(xù)貂: a dogs tail joined to sab