1、中考語法專項復習,動詞,一、中考對動詞的知識要求：,中考對動詞的考查主要集中在： 1、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去 分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構成規(guī)則； 2、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結構，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時） 3、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法； 4、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法； 5、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；,6、掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型

2、結構及主要用法； 7、了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結構形式及其基本用法； 8、了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成形式及其基本用法； 9、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則； 10、掌握動詞不定式作賓語、狀語的基本用法； 11、了解動詞不定式作主語、定語、表語的基本用法。,二、動詞考察點分項說明：,（一）、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構成規(guī)則； 1、動詞現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構成：,2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構成 規(guī)則動詞的變化： 規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構成方法是相同的。, 不規(guī)則動詞的變化。（略）,3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構成：,

3、（二）、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結構，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時） 1、一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示現(xiàn)在習慣或經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作， 與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等連用；表示現(xiàn)在的事實或狀態(tài)； 表示主語所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客觀事實或普遍其理。 一般現(xiàn)在時的構成： 一般現(xiàn)在時通常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù) 時，動詞原形后需加-s或-es。 She likes biology very much. 她非常喜歡生物。 They

4、 often go to school by bike.他們通常騎車上學。,2、一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去時間的副詞如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等連用；表示過去一段時間經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作，這時可與頻度副詞often, usually, always等連用；表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作，以及在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時表示過去將來的動作。 一般過去時的構成：一般過去時由動詞的過去式構成。 We met each other on the street yesterday. 我們昨天在街上碰見了。 She

5、often went swimming last year. 她去年經(jīng)常去游泳。 They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他們把椅子搬到桌邊，坐下開始吃飯。 Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里。,3、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等連用。 一般將來時的構成： （1） 一般

6、將來時由“助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構成。其中shall主要用于主語是第一人稱（I和we）的疑問句中。 （2） 也可以用“be going to+動詞原形”這個結構來表示根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情，或是打算、計劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。 They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他們下周二將舉行班會。 We shall meet at the school gate. 我們將在學校大門口見。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。,4、現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常與now, at pr

7、esent, at this moment等連用；或與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。有時還與always, continually, forever等詞連用，表示反復出現(xiàn)的動作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達說話人強烈的感情。如贊揚、不滿、討厭等。如： He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提這類愚蠢的問題。 現(xiàn)在進行時的構成： 現(xiàn)在進行時由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”構成。 They are watching TV now. 他們正在看電視。 The dog is enjoyin

8、g his meal. 小狗正在吃飯。,5、過去進行時 過去進行時的用法與現(xiàn)在進行時用法相同，只不過參照的時間基準點不同。 過去進行表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。一般和特定的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。 過去進行時的構成與現(xiàn)在進行時類似，只不過把be (am, is, are)變?yōu)檫^去式（was, were） They were watching TV at that time. 他們那會正在看電視。 The dog was enjoyi

9、ng his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天這個時候正在吃飯。,6、現(xiàn)在完成時 表示動作已經(jīng)完成，但后果或影響仍在，常與already, just, yet等副詞連用；或是表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與for或since引導的一段時間狀語連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞“have/has+過去分詞”構成。 He has already come back.他已經(jīng)回來了。 He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。,（三）、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn,

10、 keep等的基本用法；,常見的連系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。它 們后面常接形容詞，構成系表結構。 Please keep the classroom clean. 請保持教室的干凈。 The bread looks very fresh. 這些面包看上去很新鮮。,（四）、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法；, 過去將來時表示從過去某一時點看將要發(fā)生的動 作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時和一般將來時的構成相 同，只是把will, shall變?yōu)檫^去式would, should，把助 動詞be

11、的過去式變?yōu)檫^去式was或were而已。如： They were going to have a meeting.他們曾打算開會。,過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完 成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同，只 不過作為衡量基準點的時間點不同，現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn) 在作為衡量的基準點，而過去完成時則以過去某個時 刻作為基準點。它表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完 成了的動作，即“過去的過去”，常by, before引導的時 間狀語連用。如： By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself. 到愛迪生10歲時，他已給自己建了

12、一個實驗室。 She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years,五）、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；,助動詞是“輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨 作謂語，但可用來幫助構成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)， 語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。 常見的助動詞有： （1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 與現(xiàn)在分詞結合， 構成各種進行時態(tài)；或與過去分詞結合構成被動語態(tài)。 Im looking for my pen. 我正在找我的筆。（現(xiàn)在進行時） These cups are

13、made in China. 這些杯子是中國制造的。（被動語態(tài)）,（2）have (has, had, having)與過去分詞結合，構成完成時。 They have known each other for twenty years. 他們互相認識有二十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十歲時就已經(jīng)為自己建了一個化學實驗室。（過去完成時） （3） 助動詞do (does, did) 后只能跟動詞原形，與not及其他動詞結合構成否定句，或置于主語之前構成疑問句。 He does not

14、 speak English.他不說英語。 When did he come back? 他什么時候回來的？,（4）will (would), shall (should)： will能用于一般將來時的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時，能用于過去將來時；兩者后面都接動詞原形。 The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飛機十分中后將要到達。 I was sure we would win.我確信用我們會贏。 shall與should這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時的第一人稱后；should是shall的過 去時，只能用于過去將來時

15、的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。 We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我們明天將在校門口見。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告訴 他們我將獨自做那項工作。,三、鞏固練習,1. His father any washing in the morning. A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt does 2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term. A. have learn

16、ed B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning 3. How long you the bicycle? A. havebought B. havehad C. didbuy D. dobuy 4. my brother knows London very well. He there many times. A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went,5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow. A. is B. is going to C

17、. will D. will be 6. Listen, the music nice. A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding 7. He early every morning from now on. A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up 8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had trave

18、lled 9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library. A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone,10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free. A. is B. were C. was D. will be 11. Tom _ his homework after breakfast. A. dont B. doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do,12. Jenny _a letter to her

19、mother three days ago. A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written 13. He _ with us yesterday morning. A. doesnt go swimming B. goes swimming C. didnt go swimming D. went to swimming 14. There _a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. wou

20、ld have,15. _ you _ us a talk this afternoon? A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give 16. Look! Li Lei _ Jim with his Chinese. A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help 17. Dont make any noise. The baby _ . A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sl

21、eeping 18. The students of Class 3 _a football game now. Lets go and watch. A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had 19. How many English songs _ you _ by the end of last term? A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned,20. My mother _ breakfast while I _ my face t

22、his morning. A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washing C. was cooking D. would cook, was washing,二、用下列動詞的適當形式填空 1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day. 2. Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week. 3. The old men (die) last sum

23、mer. He (die) for eight months. 4. Father (cook) when I got home. 5. Mr. Smith told us he (show) the guests around the factory. 6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.,7. the twins (return) yet? Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now. 8. It (rain) but it (stop) now. 9

24、. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there. 10. The boy (read) a story book now.,（六）掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結構及主要用法, 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。 情態(tài)動詞的種類：, can的用法 （1）表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條

25、件能做某事的“能力”。 The boy can swim very well. Who can answer this question? （2）表示允許 The students can leave after the meeting. When can I get the news? （3）表示推測 It can be wrong. Who can be your new teacher next term?,could的用法 （1）can的過去式，表示過去有能力及過去的可能性。 They could run very fast when they were young. Could yo

26、u speak English at that time? （2）表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。 Could I borrow your bike? Could you listen to me carefully?, must的用法 （1）表示義務，命令或必要 You must finish it before 5 oclock. Must I hand it in now? （2）表示肯定的推測：一定 She must be a pretty girl. You must be wrong., need的用法 (1) 表示“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。 We needn t

27、hand in our homework now. Need I call him for you? （2）need引導的疑問句，肯定回答時多用must，否定回答時用neednt。 Need he come? 他必須來嗎？ Yes, he must.是的，必須來。 No, he neednt.不，他不必來。, may的用法 （1）表示請求、許可、可以 May I ask you some questions? May we start now? （2）表示推測說話人的猜測，認為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生。 He may be 25 years old. We may come back i

28、n three days., should的用法 should意思是“應該”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to） Who should I meet this afternoon? You should pack your bag quickly.,七）了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結構形式及其基本用法,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p.p.）”構成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式

29、的變化亦如此。,1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學生們每天都打掃教室。,2一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個男孩打碎了。 He was saved a

30、t last. 他最終獲救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。,3一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。 I think thousands of people will be helped. 我認為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。,（八）了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成形式及其基本用法,情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結構為：情

31、態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞; 其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，“be+過去分詞”部分不變。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）,（九）動詞不定式的基本用法,動詞不定式在句子中可充當主語、賓語、表語和賓語補足語和狀語（包括目的狀語，結果狀語和原因狀語。） 1）作主語 To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令

32、我高興。 It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.) 在山里開車很困難。, 后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意愿”、“企圖”等的動詞，如： hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse. I want to talk with her.我想和她談談。 She has decided to go.她已決定要走。, 在feel, find, think, made等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語，而補

33、語是形容詞，則通常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如： I find it impossible to forget her.我發(fā)現(xiàn)忘掉她是不可能的。 He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他認為帶把傘是必要的。,3）作表語 Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成為一名教師。 Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任務是打掃教室。 4）作賓語補足語 He wants me to come earlier.他想要我來得更早些。 The policeman

34、ordered them to turn around.警察命令他們轉過身。 5）作目的狀語： She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打開窗子好讓新鮮空氣進來。 I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那兒看她了。,6）作結果狀語： He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。 He is not old enough to join the army.他年齡太小，不能參軍。 7）作原因狀語： 不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容詞之后，可以表示引起這些

35、情感的原因。 Im sorry to trouble you.真抱歉給你帶來麻煩。 Im glad to see you.見到你真高興。,二、鞏固練習,一、單項選擇 1. He had his lunch already. A. will B. would C. has D. have 2. Mary speak English before she left for England. A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to 3. I your help. I can do it myself. A. neednt B. dont

36、need to C. need D. dont need 4. some more tea now? A. Do you like B. Will you like C. Would you like D. Should you like,5. you the book to the library? Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago. A. Do, return B. Are, returning C. Will, returnD. Have, returned 6. Dont go to see him. He changed his min

37、d A. is B. was C. will D. has 7. How many times your uncle been to Beijing? Twice. A. has B. have C. does D. did 8. My boy, you talk to your father like that. A. wont B. hasnt toC. shouldnt D. has to,9. give me a cup of water, Mary? A. Shall you please B. Will you please C. Please you D. Please do y

38、ou 10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. neednt 11. Since you are very tired, you do it today. A. neednt B. dont need C. neednt to D. not need 12. Li Li get up at 7:30. A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to 13. You answer this

39、question. A. havent to B. dont have to C. dont need D. neednt to,14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park. A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie 15. You go with us at once. A. need B. should C. would D. could 16. _I watch TV after dinner, Mum? No, you . A. May; mustn

40、t B. May; dont C. May; wont D. Must; mustnt 17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai. A. dont knoware B. didnt knowwere C. dont knowwere D. havent knownare,18. The PRC in 1949. A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded 19. Is Xiao Li in the classroom? No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just n

41、ow. A. cant be B. mustnt be C. is D. neednt 20. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? . A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right 21. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying 22. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would,

42、some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some,23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt 24. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall 25. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit

43、 clearly? A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could 26. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can 27. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt,28. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall 29. The science book _ good care of. A. must be tak