1、高中英語(yǔ)句子成分和簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型課件,句子成分,組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分 它包括主，謂，賓，賓補(bǔ)，表（直賓，間賓），定，狀 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。 表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的組成部分。 定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是句子的次要部分。,句子成分的構(gòu)成,句子的主干成分：,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),句子的次要成分：,定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),主語(yǔ),1. 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象。 2. 表示所說(shuō)的“是什麼”，“是誰(shuí)”， 3. 一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。 4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very

2、 clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.,謂語(yǔ),1. 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什麼”，“是什麼”，或“怎麼樣”。 2. 必須用動(dòng)詞。 3. 和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)，數(shù)兩個(gè)方面必須一致（主謂一致）。 4. 在主語(yǔ)后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.,表語(yǔ),1. 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“怎麼樣”，或“

3、是什麼” 。 2. 位于在be動(dòng)詞, 系動(dòng)詞后面。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.,系動(dòng)詞（必背）,be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感覺(jué)/嘗/聞/聽(tīng)起來(lái)(上去) 感官動(dòng)詞 become / turn / get / grow / 變得,賓語(yǔ)

4、,1. 是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象。 2. 由名，代，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。 3. 它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什麼。 4. 在謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞后，)之后。分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.,及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞是后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yeste

5、rday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.,不及物動(dòng)詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語(yǔ),就要靠一個(gè)介詞來(lái)幫助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.,定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾名詞

6、或代詞。定語(yǔ)起類(lèi)似于形容詞的修飾作用， The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.,狀語(yǔ),1. 修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞, 狀語(yǔ)類(lèi)似于副詞 。 2. 一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度等意義。 3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work

7、 it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.,簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類(lèi)型,英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu),簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,*幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用分號(hào)或并列連詞連接起來(lái)構(gòu)成并列句; *幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可通過(guò)各種方式組合成含有主句和從句 的復(fù)合句。,簡(jiǎn)單句,簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型,1）SV 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ),eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.,2) SVP 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.,3) SVO

8、主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ),eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.,簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型,4）SVOiOd 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ),eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.,5) SVOC 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.,*在閱讀句子的時(shí)候，第一個(gè)任務(wù)就是要找到 謂語(yǔ)! *做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還 有及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。,基本句型1 + （

9、主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。,基本句型2 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。,基本句型3 + + （主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。,基本句型4 + +IO + （主謂間賓直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

10、詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 She lent me a book. -She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike. -He bought a new bike for me.,基本句型5 + + + （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。,主謂間賓直賓 interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be

11、interesting D. interesting; interest,實(shí)際應(yīng)用I,8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,實(shí)際應(yīng)用I,9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the

12、visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt,實(shí)際應(yīng)用I,10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known,實(shí)際應(yīng)用I,11. Reading is an experience quite d

13、ifferent from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed,實(shí)際應(yīng)用II,II. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.),My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that

14、 I get a good education.,to,2. He said he was busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.,made,實(shí)際應(yīng)用II,3. Remembering not to shout at them.,Remember,4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,when,5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillo

15、w.,實(shí)際應(yīng)用II,6. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.,7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.,it,8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard.,實(shí)際應(yīng)用II,9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.,and girls.,giv

16、ing lessons to lovely boys,11. I know there is not easy to be a teacher.,it,10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.,swim,一. 利用考生思維定勢(shì)，通過(guò)從句對(duì)句子進(jìn)行分隔。 1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to im

17、prove C. improving D. to improving 2. The letter I was looking forward to _ at last. A. arrived B. arrive C. arriving D. have arrived,D,A,二. 將句子變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句或感嘆句，造成句子中動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的分隔。 3. Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together? A. fix B. to fix C. fixing D. fixed 4. What have I said _ you angry? A.

18、 made B. make C. to make D. making 5. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding,A,C,B,三. 相似結(jié)構(gòu)混在一起，形成對(duì)句子的分隔。 6. It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there,四. 在主謂之間加入介詞短語(yǔ)。 7

19、. I think Tom, together with you, _. A. be blamed B. is to blame C. are to be blamed D. are to blame,A,B,五. 固定搭配被其它詞隔開(kāi)。 8. We waited _ line for the bus. A. for B. in C. on D. with,B,六. 添上插入語(yǔ)。 9. He has written another scientific report, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. whi

20、ch I think is C. I think it is D. I think which is 10. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened,B,C,七.同位語(yǔ)從句的中心名詞與從句被其它成分分隔。 11. The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he will be headmaster of o

21、ur school. A. where B. in that C. that D. which,八. 用倒裝句引起分隔現(xiàn)象。 12. He found on the table next to the armchair _ two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches. A. was B. is C. are D. were,C,D,九. 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)被分隔。復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)被分隔指謂語(yǔ)部分的助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~被分隔的現(xiàn)象。例如: 13. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A.

22、does B. did C. has to D. had to,B,鞏固練習(xí)： 1. Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lessons. A. could go B. could going C. could to go D. went 2. A book, as well as a pen and a magazine, _ been left in the reading room. A. have B. are C. has D. is,B,C,3. Who did the manager _ the work? -Maybe _ of

23、the two men. A. have do; the taller B. have done; the older C. have to do; the younger D. let do; taller 4. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired,A,C,5. Thank you for the great trouble youve had _ me with my computer work. -Thats nothing. A. with helping B. helping C. to help D. to have