1、,Module Two,語法點(diǎn)的講練,動名詞,Grammar,1,動名詞的定義,它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。基本形式為:v-ing, 動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。,動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）,注意：動名詞的否定形式是：not writing,2,V-ing形式的構(gòu)成方式：,1.在一般情況下，在動詞原形后直接加詞尾 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly

2、 flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動詞后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動詞，而末尾只有一個輔音字母時，將這個輔音字母雙寫（x除外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少數(shù)幾個以 ie 結(jié)尾的動詞后：須將ie 變作y，再加- ing。(這些動詞詞典一般均注明) eg. die dying

3、; tie tying lie lying,3,動名詞能在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？,4,動名詞的基本用法,用作主語 所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. Climbing mountains is really fun. 注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。 1)It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。 Its no u

4、se crying over spilt milk.(覆水難收） There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。,5,2. 用作賓語,1）作動詞的賓語 某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put o

5、ff, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他們繼續(xù)走，說個不停。 I found it pleasant wa

6、lking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事。,6,為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：,后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：,避免，錯過，（少）延期 建議，完成，（多）練習(xí) 喜歡，想象，禁不住 承認(rèn)，否定，（又）妒忌 逃避，冒險，（多）原諒 忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid, miss, postpone/put off,suggest, finish, practice,enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny, envy,escape, risk, excuse,stand, keep, mind,7,2）作介詞的賓語 We are think

7、ing of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活？ Despite lacking money, his parents sent him to a good university. He was late again because of getting up late. Lock the doors and windows before going out. What/How about the

8、 two of us playing games？,8,注意： to 在下列短語中是介詞，常跟動名詞作賓語。 be/get used to look forward to get down to pay attention to devote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反對） Lets get down to preparing for the exam.,9,動名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, thin

9、k of，insist on等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break? 4) 既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表達(dá)的意義不同。 I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我記得在賓館見過她。(動作發(fā)生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我記著要去賓館見她。(動作尚未發(fā)生),10,1remember/forget/ regret,t

10、o do動作尚未發(fā)生,doing 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,2. try,to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力,doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主語一般是人）,doing 意味著（主語一般是物）,4.regret,to do對將要做的事抱歉,doing 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔,11,1remember/forget,to do動作尚未發(fā)生,doing 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,2. try,to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力,doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主語一般是人）,doing 意味著（主語一般是物）,4.regret,to do對將要做

11、的事抱歉,doing 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔,5. stop,to do停下去做另外一件事,doing 停止做手頭的事情,12,Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.),作表語 動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主

12、語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。,13,）動名詞的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Would you mind _（我開窗戶嗎）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 稱為動名詞的邏輯主語 I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife. I cant understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. 動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動名詞的幾個注意事項,14,2. 動名詞的被

13、動形式:being done The officers narrowly escaped _(kill) in the hot battle. 3. 動名詞的否定形式：not doing not having done You will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.,being killed,15,1.The news that our team had been defeated was disappointed. 2.Lucy dosent mind to lend you her MP3. 3.After tak

14、e his measure, they decided to give him the position. 4.Which do you enjoy spending your weekend,fishing or shopping? 5.I still remember taken to Shanghai when I was a child.,disappointing,lending,taking,to spend,being,Correct the mistakes in each sentence.,16,6.I am not used to be spoken to like th

15、at. 7.We would appreciate to hear from you soon. 8.People sometimes cant help to buysomething they wont need. 9.I can hardly imagine Peter sails across the river. 10.Tony was very unhappy for having not been invited to the party.,being,hearing,buying,sailing,not having,17,選擇題：,1. My watch needs _,bu

16、t I have no time to go to town to have it _. to repair; repaired B. to be repaided; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired 2. You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. tellingB. not telling C. telling not D. not tell 3. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turnC. to turnD. having turned,18,4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. to cryB. cryingC. cryD. cries 5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. to practise speaking B.