1、The Culture of Japan,With economic, cultural and religious influence from neighboring Asian states, Japan has produced a unique culture of its own. Now lets enjoy the charm(魅力) of Japanese culture and look at some of its popular icons.,Contents,life society art culture,clothes,The traditional dress

2、of Japan is the kimono（和服）. Kimonos, which are generally made of silk, have large sleeves and reach from the shoulders all the way down to the heels. They are tied with a wide belt . Kimonos are now usually worn only on special occasions, weddings, and graduation ceremonies.,the style,Kimonos range

3、from extremely formal to casual. The level of formality of womens kimono is determined mostly by the pattern of the fabric, and color. Young womens kimonos have longer sleeves, signifying that they are not married, and tend to be more elaborate than similarly formal older womens kimono.5 Mens kimono

4、s are usually one basic shape and are mainly worn in subdued colors. Formality is also determined by the type and color of accessories, the fabric, and the number or absence of kamon (family crests), with five crests signifying extreme formality.5 Silk is the most desirable, and most formal, fabric.

5、 Kimonos made of fabrics such as cotton and polyester generally reflect a more casual style和服的范圍從非常正式的去休閑。形式化程度的女性的和服是由模式確定主要的面料和顏色。年輕女性的和服袖子長(zhǎng),意味著他們不結(jié)婚,往往是更復(fù)雜的比同樣正式老年婦女的和服。5男人的和服通常是一個(gè)基本的形狀和主要是穿在柔和的顏色。手續(xù)也取決于類型和顏色的配件、面料、號(hào)碼或沒有加們(家徽),有5個(gè)波峰代表極端拘謹(jǐn)。5絲綢是最理想,最正式的,織物。和服織物制作的如棉和聚酯通常反映出一個(gè)更加隨意的風(fēng)格,Kimonos range f

6、rom extremely formal to casual. The level of formality of womens kimono is det,with camera,on the Modern city,Japan has absorbed many ideas from other countries over the course of its history, including technology, customs, and forms of cultural expression, and has developed its unique culture while

7、 integrating these imports. The Japanese lifestyle today is a rich blend of Asian-influenced traditional culture and Western-influenced modern culture.,food,Sushi,Nowadays, sushi bars are everywhere.,Japanese cuisine,Japanese food mostly consists of fish instead of meat, and also soybeans, so it is

8、good for the health. Foods that are most well received by foreigners are tempuratempur天婦羅, sukiyaki suki:j:ki: 雞素?zé)? sushi su:i: 壽司, sashimi s:i:mi生魚片, buckwheat noodles蕎麥面條, and soybean curd,First:Tempuratempur天婦羅,2/Sukiyakisuki:j:ki: 雞素?zé)?Sukiyaki is one of the representative foods of Japan. The nam

9、e comes from the farmer spade sometimes used to cook on. Sukiyaki refers directly to broiling beef on the spade, along with soybean curd, leeks, and vegetables. The seasoning 調(diào)料includes soy sauce s:s, sweet sake, and sugar.,3Buckwheat bkwi:t noodles蕎麥面條,Buckwheat noodles or soba is also a typical Ja

10、panese dish. There are some people that eat soba at least once a day. Many office workers make it a habit to have soba for lunch. Soba noodles are a mixture of buckwheat, flour flau 面粉and eggs. It looks similar to spaghetti in shape. It is first boiled, and then dipped in a soup made of soy sauce, s

11、alt, sweet sake, and bonitobni:tu shavings when it is being eaten. Because soba is long, it is considered a symbol of long life.,Eating a Meal Before eating, Japanese people say itadakimasu, a polite phrase meaning I receive this food. This expresses thanks to whoever worked to prepare the food in t

12、he meal. After eating, people once again express their thanks for the meal by saying gochiso sama deshita, which literally means it was quite a feast.,The Japanese Dining Table,The most traditional Japanese meal is a serving of plain, white rice, along with a main dish (fish or meat), some kind of s

13、ide dish (often cooked vegetables), soup and pickled vegetables.,Geisha,The word Geisha is derived from “Gei”, which in Japanese performance or entertainer, and “sha”, which means “person”, and dates back 400 years ago to the Edo period（江戶時(shí)代）. During this period the Geisha entertained at banquets an

14、d social gatherings by playing Shamise(日本三弦琴), singing, and giving dance performances.,Geisha,There is often a misconception（誤解） by some that Geisha are prostitutes（娼妓）, but nothing could be further from the truth Geisha are refined and cultured girls and woman who are highly trained in a variety of

15、 traditional skills. Besides playing Shamisen（日本三弦琴）, singing, and dancing, the Geisha perform the Japanese tea ceremony, and are well versed(精通的) in the art of conversation. Many learn to speak English to entertain Western guests.,The training involved in becoming a Geisha is very rigorous（嚴(yán)格的）, an

16、d because of this the numbers of Geisha are declining. Today in Japanese hotels and restaurants Geisha still entertain at banquets and socialize with guests, and the role of the Geisha in Japanese society is always a source of curiosity for tourists.,sumo （），古稱素舞，起源于中國(guó)，唐朝時(shí)傳入日本，由兩名大力士裸露上身，互相角力。日本有關(guān)相撲

17、比較確切的文字記載，是八世紀(jì)初編纂成的日本書紀(jì)，書內(nèi)記述第三十五代天皇（六四一六四五年）為了接待古代朝鮮百濟(jì)國(guó)使者，召集了宮廷衛(wèi)士舉行相撲競(jìng)賽。盡管有人稱，中國(guó)相撲和日本有關(guān)系。但日本的相撲是否由中國(guó)輸入，目前沒見到明確記載。后來成為日本的國(guó)技，日本的國(guó)際性的格斗術(shù)和體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。作為專業(yè)競(jìng)技項(xiàng)目，在日本國(guó)內(nèi)稱作大相撲。,（二）武士道精神,Bushid 武士道, literally the way of the warrior, is a Japanese word for the way of the samurai life, loosely analogous to the concept

18、of chivalry. The Bushido originates from the samurai moral code stressing frugality, loyalty, martial arts mastery, and honor unto death. Born from Neo-Confucianism during times of peace in Tokugawa Japan and following Confucian texts, Bushido was also influenced by Shinto and Zen Buddhism, allowing

19、 the violent existence of the samurai to be tempered by wisdom and serenity. Bushid developed between the 9th and 20th centuries and numerous translated documents dating from the 12th to 16th centuries demonstrate its wide influence across the whole of Japan,1 although some scholars have noted the t

20、erm bushid itself is rarely attested in premodern literatureBushid(武士道?),字面上的“戰(zhàn)士”,是一個(gè)日語單詞的方式生活的武士,有點(diǎn)類似騎士精神的概念。 武士道源于武士的道德準(zhǔn)則強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)儉、忠誠(chéng)、武術(shù)精通,榮譽(yù),直到死亡。出生在和平時(shí)期的理學(xué)在德川日本和遵循儒家文本,武士道也深受神道和佛教禪宗,允許暴力存在的武士來沖淡智慧和平靜。Bushid之間展開9日和20世紀(jì)和眾多的翻譯文檔約會(huì)12到16世紀(jì)展示其廣泛影響到整個(gè)日本,1雖然有些學(xué)者指出“術(shù)語Bushid本身是很少在前現(xiàn)代文獻(xiàn)證實(shí),刀與武士： In the bushido,

21、the knife is a symbol of power and military is brave. Waist to wear with a knife to symbolize this person have bushido spirit in mind. Samurai sword has two size, big say knife, small rib bad, said the two knife is warrior never leaving the status symbol. , if the knife is the soul of a warrior, so,

22、 brave warrior is wrapped on the surface of the knife said the identity of the scabbard, knives and yong is inseparable 在武士道里，刀是力量和武勇的象征。 腰上佩帶著刀就象征了此人心中已有武士道精神。武士刀共有大小兩把，大的稱“刀”，小的稱“肋差”，這兩把刀是武士寸步不離的身份象征。 如果，刀是武士的靈魂，那么，勇敢就是包裹刀的表面的表示武士身份的刀鞘，刀和勇是密不可分的。,日本的成年禮,成人節(jié)：每年1月第2個(gè)星期一統(tǒng)一舉行，是受中國(guó)“冠禮”的影響。,凡年滿20歲的男女青年身

23、穿傳統(tǒng)服裝參加成人儀式，內(nèi)容包括年輕人宣誓、長(zhǎng)者的祝賀和參拜神社以及參加各種傳統(tǒng)的文娛活動(dòng)等。,茶道In Japan there are many teach the tea ceremony of various genres techniques school, many hotels also have teahouse, can easily enjoy the tea ceremony performance. But the Japanese tea ceremony is eventually spread to Japan by the Chinese tang dynasty

24、 years. In ancient times, Japan and China have long. Tang dynasty period, Japan sent a large number of him to come to China, Chinas influence is deeper. The Japanese people said China is the hometown of the Japanese tea ceremony 日本國(guó)內(nèi)有許多傳授茶道各流派技法的學(xué)校，不少賓館也設(shè)有茶室，可以輕松地欣賞到茶道的表演。但日本的茶道最終是由中國(guó)唐朝貞觀年間傳到日本的。在古代

25、，日本與中國(guó)早有往來。盛唐時(shí)期，日本曾派大量使臣來中國(guó)，受中國(guó)影響較深。日本人民稱“中國(guó)是日本茶道的故鄉(xiāng)”。,日本的花道,花道是日本傳統(tǒng)的文化遺產(chǎn)，是隨著佛教從中國(guó)傳入日本?；ǖ酪卜Q插花、華道、生花，即把適當(dāng)剪下的樹枝或花草經(jīng)過藝術(shù)加工后，插入花瓶等器皿中的方法和技術(shù)。,花道講究藝術(shù)造型，最完美的造型為三角形，最高的一枝象征天，最低的一枝象征地，中間的一枝象征人，表示圓滿如意。,書道,書法在日本不僅盛行，更是人們修行養(yǎng)性的方式之一。 古代日本人稱書法叫入木道或筆道 直到江戶時(shí)代(十七世紀(jì))，才出現(xiàn)書道這個(gè)名詞。 在日本，用毛筆寫漢字而盛行書法，應(yīng)當(dāng)是在佛教傳入之后。僧侶和佛教徒模仿中國(guó)，用毛筆抄錄經(jīng),日本文藝,（一）日本文學(xué),日本文學(xué)只要分為三個(gè)時(shí)期，上古文學(xué)、中古文學(xué)以及近現(xiàn)代文學(xué)。 上古文學(xué)（八世紀(jì)） ：古事記 、萬葉集 中古文學(xué) ：源氏物語 、枕草子 近現(xiàn)代文學(xué)：我是貓 、羅生門、伊豆的舞女 、飼