1、采購專業(yè)術(shù)語大全（中英文對照）2018-07-02在工作場景中，采購經(jīng)常會接觸到各種英文和英文縮寫，涉及的客戶需求、采購需求、計劃、訂單、合同、物流包裝、結(jié)算.等等，對很多采購與供應(yīng)鏈朋友來說還是有點困難。第一部分custom made:需指定制造的產(chǎn)品first priority:最高的優(yōu)先級別PPR( Premium price request):高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價格采購請求RFQ(request for quote):報價請求，詢盤ESI(Early supplier involvement):供應(yīng)商早期介入cost modeling：成本模型STD price:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價格Stock-out co

2、st:缺貨成本awarded supplier:指定供應(yīng)商escalate to higher level:提交上級處理cut hard order:手動下訂單customer demand pull-in:客戶需求提前或增加Distributor：分銷商；Manufacturing：廠商；Broker：經(jīng)紀(jì)商。（緊急情況下啟用，價格較高。）EAU (Estimated annual usage):預(yù)估每年需求量line down:停產(chǎn)APQP(advanced product quality planning):指產(chǎn)品在量產(chǎn)前對如何實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品以及如何進行質(zhì)量控制看展的策劃活動。PPAP(pro

3、duction part approval process)：生產(chǎn)件批準(zhǔn)程序，是指第一次生產(chǎn)樣件時向客戶提交一系列文件記錄清單，如樣品檢測報告，F(xiàn)MEA,工藝流程圖，控制計劃，圖紙等等，要提交的資料根據(jù)客戶要求進行，提交后客戶將確認OK后方可進行試生產(chǎn)階段。EOQ(economic ordering quantity):經(jīng)濟訂購數(shù)量,EOQ=(A:單位時間凈需求S:每次訂購費用U:商品單位成本C:儲存成本)EDI(electronic data interchange):電子數(shù)據(jù)交換。第二部分R&D (research and design)研發(fā)APS (automated purchasin

4、g system)自動采購系統(tǒng)CAD (computer automated design)計算機輔助設(shè)計ERP (enterprise resource planning)企業(yè)資源計劃ANX (automotive network exchange)自動網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換CPO (chief procurement officers)采購總監(jiān)CPE (collaborative planning and execution)合作計劃和執(zhí)行TCA (total cost of acquisition)總獲取成本或TCO OwnershipCPFR (collaborative,planning,fore

5、casting,replenishment)合作，計劃，預(yù)測，補充SCM (supply chain management)供應(yīng)鏈管理VMI (vendor managed inventory)賣方管理庫存VMR (vendor managed replenishment)賣方管理補貨SCOR (supply chain operations reference)供應(yīng)鏈管理指南LEW (least ex works)最小離岸價MOM (markup over coat model)成本變動3PL (third party logistics)第三方物流MRP (material require

6、ments planning)物料需求計劃CIO (computer information officers)信息主管PDCA (plan-do-check action cycle)計劃-實施-檢查循環(huán)第三部分分析庫存-庫存盤點；Inventory analysis-Create physical inventory document做采購申請；Create purchase requisition批準(zhǔn)采購申請；Approve purchase requisition做采購訂單；Create purchase order創(chuàng)建貨源清單，詢價-報價-確認供應(yīng)商；Create source li

7、st, enquire-quotation-choose supplier做合同；Create contract收貨-驗貨-發(fā)貨Goods receipt-goods inspection-goods issue催*，校驗*；Push suppliers invoice, invoice verify付款；Arrange payment第四部分CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保險加運費價CFR(cost and freight)成本加運費價T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯D/P(document against payment)付款交單D/A

8、(document against acceptance)承兌交單C.O (certificate of origin)一般原產(chǎn)地證EMS（express mail special）特快傳遞G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weig

9、ht)凈重C/D (customs declaration)報關(guān)單EA(each)每個，各W (with)具有w/o(without)沒有FAC(facsimile)傳真IMP(import)進口EXP（export）出口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M或MED (medium)中等，中級的M/V（merchant vessel）商船S.S(steamship)船運MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸DOC (document)文件、單據(jù)INT（international）國際的P/L (packing list)裝箱單、明細表INV

10、 (invoice)*PCT (percent)百分比REF（reference）參考、查價STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳S/M（shipping marks）裝船標(biāo)記PR或PRC(price)價格PUR (purchase)購買、購貨S/C（sales contract）銷售確認書L/C（letter of credit）信用證B/L（bill of lading）提單FOB（free on board）離岸價、裝運港船上交貨CIF(COST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT)-成本加保險費、運費CFR(COSTANDFREIGH)-成本加運費

11、FCA(FREECARRIER)-貨交承運人CPT(CARRIAGEPAIDTO)-運費付至CIP(CARRIAGEANDINSURANCEPAIDTO)-運費、保險費付至第五部分（按檢索字母）ABCClassificationABC分類法Activity-BasedCosting業(yè)務(wù)量成本法/作業(yè)成本法ACRS(Acceleratedcostrecoverysystem)快速成本回收制度ActionMessage行為/措施信息AIS(Accountinginformationsystem)會計信息系統(tǒng)Allocation已分配量AnticipatedDelayReport拖期預(yù)報A/P(Ac

12、countsPayable)應(yīng)付帳款A(yù)PICS(AmericanProduction&InventoryControlSociety)美國生產(chǎn)及庫存控制協(xié)會AQL(AcceptablequalityLevel)可接受質(zhì)量水平A/R(AccountsReceivable)應(yīng)收帳款A(yù)utomaticRescheduling自動重排產(chǎn)AvailableToPromise(APT)可簽約量Backflush倒沖法Backlog未完成訂單/未結(jié)訂單BackScheduling倒序排產(chǎn)BEanalysis(Break-evenanalysis)盈虧臨界點分析，保本分析BillofMaterial(BOM)

13、物料清單BusinessPlan經(jīng)營規(guī)劃B/V(Bookvalue)帳面價值CapacityRequirementsPlanning(CRP)能力需求計劃CBA(Cost-benefitanalysis)成本效益分析CEO首席執(zhí)行官CFO(ChiefFinancialOfficer)財務(wù)總裁ClosedLoopMRP閉環(huán)物料需求計劃CPM(Criticalpathmethod)關(guān)鍵路線法CPPaccounting(Constantpurchasingpoweraccounting)不變購買力會計CumulativeLeadTime累計提前期C&F(cost&freight)成本加運費價T/T(

14、telegraphictransfer)電匯D/P(documentagainstpayment)付款交單D/A(documentagainstacceptance)承兌交單C.O(certificateoforigin)一般原產(chǎn)地證CycleCounting周期盤點Demand需求DemandManagement需求管理DemonstratedCapacity實際能力DependentDemand非*需求DFL(Degreeoffinancialleverage)財務(wù)杠桿系數(shù)Direct-deductInventoryTransactionProcessing直接增減庫存法DispatchL

15、ist派工單DOL(Degreeofoperatingleverage)經(jīng)營杠桿系數(shù)ELS(Economiclotsize)經(jīng)濟批量EOQ(Economicorderquantity)經(jīng)濟訂貨批量&nbs;FIFO(Fist-in,Fist-out)先進先出法FirmPlannedOrder確認計劃訂單FISH/LIFO(Fist-in,Still-here)后進先出法FixedOrderQuantity固定訂貨批量法FlowShop流水車間FocusForecasting集中預(yù)測FullPegging完全跟蹤GenerallyAcceptedManufacturingPractices公認生

16、產(chǎn)管理原則IndependentDemand*需求Inpu/OutputControl投入/產(chǎn)出控制InterplantDemand廠際需求InventoryTurnover庫存周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)Item物料項目ItemRecord項目記錄JobShop加工車間Just-in-time(JIT)準(zhǔn)時制生產(chǎn)LeadTime提前期前置期，指訂單從收到具體明細到貨到貨倉收到落貨紙這一段時間，可以用評估工廠的綜合實力。Level層Load負荷LotforLot按需訂貨法LP(Linearprogramming)線性規(guī)劃MachineLoading機器加載Make-to-orderProduct(MTO)面向訂單

17、生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品Make-to-stockProduct(MTS)面向庫存生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品ManufacturingResourcePlanning(MRPII)制造資源計劃MasterProductionSchedule(MPS)主生產(chǎn)計劃MaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP)物料需求計劃MBO(Managementbyobjective)目標(biāo)管理NetChangeMRP凈改變式物料需求計劃NetRequirements凈需求OliverWightMRP-II理論的創(chuàng)始人On-handBalance現(xiàn)在庫存量OpenOrder未結(jié)訂單/開放訂單OrderEntry訂單輸入Ord

18、erPromising訂貨承諾Pegging反查Picking領(lǐng)料/提貨PickingList領(lǐng)料單PlannedOrder計劃訂單Post-deductInventoryTransactionProcessing(Backflush)后減庫存處理法/倒沖法Pre-deductInventoryTransactionProcessing前減庫存處理法ProductionPlanning生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃編制ProjectedAvailableBalance預(yù)計可用庫存Gueue隊列GueueTime排隊時間RegenerationMRP重生成式物料需求計劃ReschedulingAssumption重排

19、假設(shè)ResourceRequirementPlanning資源需求計劃Rough-cutCapacityPlanning粗能力計劃Routing工藝路線SafetyStock安全庫存SafetyTime保險期ScheduledReceipt預(yù)計入庫量ScrapFactor殘料率/廢品系數(shù)ServiceParts維修件ShopFloorControl車間作業(yè)管理ShrinkageFactor損耗系數(shù)TimeBucket時間段TieFence時界VE(valueengineering)價值工程VendorScheduling采購計劃法WorkCenter工作中心WorkinProcess(WIP)

20、在制品ZBB(ZerobasedBudgeting)零基預(yù)算ZeroInventories零庫存AccountingClerk-記帳員;AccountingSupervisor-會計主管;AdministrationManager-行政經(jīng)理;Supervisor-監(jiān)管員;BondAnalyst-證券分析員;FundManager-財務(wù)經(jīng)理;AssistantManager-副經(jīng)理;payment支付，付款topay付款，支付，償還dishonour拒付deferredpayment延期付款progressivepayment分期付款paymentonterms定期付款paymentagreem

21、ent支付協(xié)定payorder支付憑證paymentorder付款通知paymentbybanker銀行支付paymentbyremittance匯撥支付paymentinpart部分付款paymentinfull全部付訖cleanpayment單純支付simplepayment單純支付paymentbyinstallment分期付款paymentrespite延期付款paymentatmaturity到期付款paymentinadvance預(yù)付(貨款)CashWithOrder(C.W.O)隨訂單付現(xiàn)CashOnDelivery(C.O.D)交貨付現(xiàn)discount貼現(xiàn)draft匯票PromisoryNote本票cheque支票cleanbill光票documentarybill跟單匯票SightBill即期匯票TimeBill遠期匯票UsanceBill遠期匯票CommercialBill商業(yè)匯票BankersBill銀行匯票TransferableL/C可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證UntransferableL/C不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證RevolvingL/C循環(huán)信用證ReciprocalL/C對開信用證BacktoBackL/C背對背信用證Countervailingcredit(俗稱)子證Overridingcr