1、2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（廣東卷）a英語解析本試卷共三部分，共12頁。滿分135分,考試用時120分鐘。i . 語言知識及應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié): 完形填空 （共15小題； 每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 115各題所給的a、b、c和d項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該題涂黑。we all know that some things are obviously right. for example, it is right to be 1 to other people. it is also right to look after the e

2、nvironment. some things are 2 wrong, too. for instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺負) others, nor should we litter. rules often tell us what is right or wrong.rules can help the public make the right 3 ,and remain safe. car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things t

3、o do on the road to avoid crashes. cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .if people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. for example, they may believe that people s

4、hould always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7. sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but

5、others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12. rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us

6、 the right way to _13_ others. however, some people argue that rules may be _14_, having observed that rules change all the time , and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones -so who is to _ 15_ what is right ?1. a .kind b. sensitive c. fair d. generous 2. a .equally b

7、. slightly c. clearly d .increasingly 3. a .suggestions b. conclusions c. turns d. choices 4. a. accidents b. mistakes c .falls d .deaths 5. a . interesting b. vital c. easy d. valuable 6. a. seldom b. rarely c. merely d. never7. a. trouble b. power c. prison d. control 8. a. roughly b. eventually c

8、. deliberately d. exactly 9. a. awful b. cruel c. unhealthy d. unnecessary 10. a . still b. even c. later d .somehow 11. a. nervous b. anxious c. afraid d. guilty 12. a. begging b .starving c .growing d .wandering 13. a. follow b. instruct c. treat d. protect 14. a . disgusting b. confusing c .unsaf

9、e d . unimportant 15 . a. predict b explain c. decide d. consider 本文是一篇說明文，說明規(guī)章有助于人們辨別是非，作出正確選擇，也有助于人與人的和睦相處，但有時判斷是非也不容易。 其中考查形容詞5個，考查副詞4個，考查動詞3個，考查名詞3個。 13.答案為c考查動詞，根據(jù)此句的意思“規(guī)章制度有助于我們和睦相處，因為規(guī)章制度告訴我們對待他人的正確方式”不難得出答案。 14.答案為b考查形容詞 根據(jù)同義重現(xiàn)，由最后一句“rules change all the time , and that some schools have som

10、e regulations and others have different ones -”可知，規(guī)章制度也可能是“令人困惑的”。 15.答案為c考查動詞，根據(jù)此句的意思，既然不同學(xué)校的規(guī)章不同，該由誰來“評定”什么是正確的呢？第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題; 每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卷標(biāo)號為16-25的相應(yīng)位置上。mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. he suddenly appeared in c

11、lass one day,_16_( wear ) sun glasses. he walked in as if he _17_( buy ) the school , and the word quickly got around that he was from new york city .for some reason he sat beside mary. mary felt _18 _ ( please ), because there were many empty seats in the room. but she quickly realized that it wasn

12、t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row._ 20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . it might have made it a little _21_( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didnt stop the kids in the class. of course when

13、ever they turned to look at him, they had to look at mary,_ 22_made her feel like a star .“do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .the new boy shook his head.” then id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. i like to look at your eyes when im speaking to you.” the

14、 new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do .then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said “that is cool. 20.答案為if考查連詞，因he thought與he was wrong是兩個句子，且兩者之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，必定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填表示如果if,次句意為“如果他認為坐在后面可以避免受到關(guān)注，那他就錯了”。 21.答案為harder

15、考查比較級 hard可以作形容詞和副詞。根據(jù)意思急a little,此處要用比較級，表示“更難一點”。 22.答案為which 考查從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個句子。此題錯填為who，誤認為先行詞為mary. 23.答案為for 考查介詞，表示某個動詞或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久，用”for+時間段”。 24.答案為what考查從屬連詞，what在賓語從句中做賓語。 25.答案為them考查代詞 指代thoselasses,作took off的賓語，用人稱代詞賓格。 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c和d項

16、中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。a “have a nice day” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. when my friend maxie says “have a nice day” with a smile, i know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. i feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. “have a nice

17、day. next!” the version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. the words came out in the same tone ( 腔調(diào) ) with a fixed procedure. they are spoken at me, not to me. obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the manageme

18、nts attempt to increase business.the expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. as soon as you hear it, you know the meeting at an end. sometimes the expression saves us when we dont know what to say. “oh, you just ha

19、d a tooth out? im terribly sorry, but have a nice day”the expression can be pleasant. if a stranger says “have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.although the use of the expression is insincere, meaningless social custom at tim

20、es, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. the salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. but in a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend

21、 they care when they really dont care all that much. while the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken the point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. how does the author understand maxies words? a. maxie shows her anxiety to the author. b. maxie really wishes the au

22、thor a good day.c. maxie encourages the author to stay happy.d. maxie really worries about the authors security.27. what does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?a. the salesgirl is rude.b. the salesgirl is bored.c. the salesgirl cares about me.d. the salesgirl says the words as a routine.28

23、. by saying“have a nice day, a stranger may _.a. try to be polite to youb. express respect to youc. give his blessing to youd. share his pleasure with you29. according to the last paragraph, people say“have a nice day”_.a. sincerelyb. as thanksc. as a habitd. encouragingly30. what is the best title

24、of the passage?a. have a nice daya social customb. have a nice daya pleasant gesturec. have a nice daya heart-warming greetingd. have a nice daya polite ending of a conversation bi have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. as a doctor, mother and scientist in child development i be

25、lieve there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view.mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. all we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. in this state, the baby is difficult to calm do

26、wn and sleep is impossible. the baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.it is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. the first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was dr frederic tru

27、by king who was against feeding in the night. ive never heard anything so ridiculous. baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. what is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.well, at last we have copper-bottomed rese

28、arch that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding . the research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. by the age of 8, their iq（智商）scores are four to five percent highe

29、r than babies fed by a rigid timetable. this research comes from oxford and essex university using a sample（樣本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeling style. these results dont surprise me. f

30、eeling according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. i hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.31. according to paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels_.a.

31、sick b. upset c. sleepy d. hungry32. what does the author think about dr king?a. he is strictb. he is unkindc. he has the wrong idea.d. he sets a timetable for mothers33. the word copper-bottomed in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.a. basic b. reliable c. surprising d. interesting34. what does

32、 the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?a. the baby will sleep well.b. the baby will have its brain harmed.c. the baby will have a low blood sugar level.d. the baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.35. the author supports feeling the baby_.a. in the nightb. every four hoursc. whene

33、ver it wants foodd. according to its blood sugar level ci was blind, but i was ashamed of it if it was known. i refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. after all, i was a teenage girl, and i couldnt bear people to look at me and think i was not like them. i must have been a terrible

34、danger on the roads, coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.one evening, i got off the bus about halfway home where i had to chang

35、e buses, and as usual i ran into something,“im awfully sorry,”i said and stepped forward only to run into it again. when it happened a third time, i realized i had been apologizing to a lamppost. this was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. so i carried on and found the bus

36、 stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. no one else was there and i had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.generally in this situation, because i hated showing i was blind by asking for help, i tried to guess at the sound. sometimes

37、i would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. in the end, i usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.but on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. of course i

38、heard plenty of buses pass, or i thought i did. but because i had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, i let them all go by. i stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. then i gave up. i decided to walk on to the next stop.36. the girl refused to ask for help be

39、cause she thought_.a. she might be recognizedb. asking for help looked sillyc. she was normal and independentd. being fond blind was embarrassing37. after the girl got off the bus that evening, she_.a. began to runb. hit a person as usualc. hit a lamppost by accidentd. was caught by something38. at

40、the request stop that evening, the girl_.a. stopped a big lorryb. stopped the wrong busc .made no attempt to stop the busd. was not noticed by other people39. what was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?a. other vehicles also stopped there.b. it was unreliable for making judgments.

41、c. more lorries than buses responded to the girl.d. it took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.40. finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping _.a. to find people thereb. to find more buses therec. to find the bus by herself thered. to find people more helpful thered sports ac

42、count for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. an attraction of sport programs for the m

43、ajor u.s. media companies is that events are often held on saturday and sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the

44、week. this means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations d

45、id not report certain sports. the people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract made viewers. they also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. golf and tenn

46、is are special cases for television programming. these sports attract few viewers, and the ratings(收視率)are unusually low. however, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. it is made up of people from the highest income groups in the united states, to certain advertisers.

47、it is made up of people from the highest income groups in the united states, including many lawyers and business managers. this is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars. business and personal computer, and holiday trips .this is also why the n

48、etworks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computer, with such viewers, these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the a

49、ir.41. television sport programs on weekend afternoons .a. result in more sport event b. get more viewers to play sportsc. make more people interested in televisiond. bring more money to the television networks42. why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?a. because there

50、would be few viewersb. because the advertisers would be off workc. because television programs would go slowlyd. because viewers would pay less for watching television43. in many families, men make decision on .a. holiday tripsb. sports viewingc. television shoppingd. expensive purchases44. the rati

51、ngs are not important for golf and tennis programs because .a. their advertisers are carmakersb. their viewers are attracted by sportsc. their advertisers target at rich peopled. their viewers can afford expensive cars45. what is the passage mainly about?a. television ratings are determined by male

52、viewersb. rich viewers contribute most to television companiesc. sports are gaining importance in advertising on televisiond. commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events本文是說明文，說明運動占據(jù)很大一部分商業(yè)廣告。41.答案為d細節(jié)理解題。由本文第二段this means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at

53、 relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.可知。其中sellhigh price 與bring more money 是同義重現(xiàn)。 42.答案為a細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合41題和排除法可以得出答案。其中bcd項的表達都不合常理。 43.答案為d細節(jié)理解題。由they also realize that most business第二節(jié)信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)選項字母涂黑。首先閱讀下列某實習(xí)編輯

54、從一組讀者來信中整理出來的關(guān)鍵備忘信息：bhobbies: reading, singing and travelingpurpose: learning about ideas of teaching professionals in the worldahobbies: reading, listening to music and watching birdspurpose: asking for spare copies of textbooks, teaching materials or journalsdhobbies: reading and exchanging fancy

55、gifts and ideas about local customs and conventionspurpose: exchanging ideas on teaching methodschobbies: role-playing, listening to music and collecting nice thingspurpose: communicating with new friends among english teachers from the uk and the usafhobbies: swimming, cycling raising cats and dogs.purpose: finding pen-friends all over the world and communicating in english.ehobbies: listening to western music, exchanging and collecting nice thingspurpose: making friends with both fellow teachers and students of english around the world. 以下信函為上面關(guān)鍵備忘信息的來源。為有效管理資料，請將關(guān)鍵備忘信息與信