1、黑龍江省寧安市東京城林業(yè)局第三中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) module 1 small talk vocabulay grammar學(xué)案 外研版選修6學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)和區(qū)別didnt need to do 和neednt have done的用法，提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)：通過(guò)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，高考鏈接的訓(xùn)練對(duì)該語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行鞏固和熟練應(yīng)用。學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程：.1. 本模塊提到了need表示“過(guò)去不必做某事”的表達(dá)方法。didnt need to do 和neednt have done 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以表示過(guò)去不必做某事, 但didnt need to do表示“沒必要, 實(shí)際上也沒有做某事”;而neednt have

2、done則表示“本沒有必要, 但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了某事”。比較: they didnt need to do it themselves, so they went home in advance. they did not need to go to school, so they went camping together. i didnt need to get up early this morning, so i stayed in bed until 9 a. m. 上面三句話中, 表明他們沒必要自己做, 實(shí)際上他們也沒有自己做; 表明我們沒有去上課; 表明實(shí)際上“我”沒有早起。 as

3、 it turned out to be a small house party, we neednt have dressed up so formally. mr. smith didnt come last night, did he? no. we neednt have waited for him. a whole night was wasted. you neednt have said that when he asked. 以上三句話中, 表明雖然沒有必要正式著裝, 但實(shí)際上打扮得都很正式; 表明雖然沒必要等史密斯先生, 但實(shí)際上等了一晚上; 表明當(dāng)他問的時(shí)候, 實(shí)際上說(shuō)了

4、。2. “need”既可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1)“need”作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法:need表示“需要”或“必須”, 通常用于否定句和疑問句。如: you neednt do it again. neednt后的不定式間或也能用進(jìn)行式或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:we neednt be waiting in this place. the hedges neednt be trimmed this week. 本周樹蘺不必要整修。2)“need”作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 通常用法是: 人needto do we need to collect the parcel before we leave for

5、 england. 物needdoing the flowers need watering. 物need to be done his leather shoes needs to be mended. 另外, “need”后還可以直接跟名詞。it is a question that needs very careful consideration. . 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + done(1) must have done 可用來(lái)對(duì)某件過(guò)去的事情作_推測(cè)，表示“一定已經(jīng)，想必已經(jīng)”做過(guò)某事，用于肯定的陳述句中。否定句中用_。 she must have received the par

6、cel, i sent it by registered post.(2) may have done, might have done, could have done “_”，就語(yǔ)氣而言 could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 he may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九點(diǎn)前已離去。(3) should have done / ought to have done 表示“_”但實(shí)際未做。 i should / ought to have left london before nine but i didnt. (4) shou

7、ldnt have done / oughtnt to have done 表示“_”，但實(shí)際上又做了。 he shouldnt / oughtnt to have left london before nine but he did. (5) cant / couldnt have done 表否定推測(cè)，“_”。 she cant / couldnt have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. (6)could have done 可表示客觀上“_”。 表示遺憾 he could have finished the wor

8、k in time but he didnt work hard.(7) i neednt have gone to the office yesterday (but i went there). (8) might have done 還可表示過(guò)去“本可能發(fā)生但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”。用于表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)已發(fā)生事提出批評(píng)或意見。he might have given more help, even if he was very busy. .高考例析1. sorry im late. i _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sl

9、eep again. a. might b. should c. can d. will2. i was really anxious about you. you_ home without a word. （01 全國(guó)） a. mustnt leave b. shouldnt have left c. couldnt have left d. neednt leave3. ill tell mary about her new job tomorrow. you_ her last week. （04 福建） aought to tell bwould have told cmust te

10、ll dshould have told 4. tom graduated from college at a very young age. oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全國(guó)iv） a. could b. should c. might d. must5. he _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. a. should b. must c. wouldnt d. cant6. do you know

11、 where david is? i couldnt find him anywhere. well. he have gone farhis coats still here. （05湖北卷） ashouldnt bmustnt ccant dwouldnt7. the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. oh, dear! she _ a lot of difficulties! (05 江蘇卷) a. may go through b. might

12、 go through c. ought to have gone through d. must have gone through8. i have lost one of my gloves. i _ it somewhere. （05 北京春季） a. must drop b. must have dropped c. must be dropping d. must have been dropped9. mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. a. should have arrived b. shoul

13、d arrive c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving10. he paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. （05 山東卷） a. could b. would c. must d. neediv. 反思小結(jié)：_11. tom is never late for work. why is he absent today? something _ to him. amust happen bshould have happened ccould have happened dmust have happened12. i _ have been more than six years old when