1、專題二細(xì)節(jié)理解,-2-,.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)14(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以h開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以h開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】When I was 1.heading(朝前進(jìn)) for the hospital beside a hill,I happened to meet handsome little“Ham”.He,3 feet in 2.height(高度),was heating a piece of hamburger over the fire,holding a heavy huge hammer in his hand.How 3.horrible(可怕的) to

2、 make a fire here! Without 4. hesitation(猶豫) I went over to help him put out the fire.However,he hid away all his things in a hurry saying he didnt want to be hungry in the 5.harmonious(和諧的) society.I hugged him heatedly and said that he was hopeful to be a hero.But he should be honest.,-3-,譯文:我正朝著山

3、邊醫(yī)院走去的時(shí)候,正好碰到漂亮的小“漢姆”。他三英尺高,正在火上加熱一塊漢堡,手里還拿著一把沉重的大錘子。在這里生火是多么可怕呀!我毫不猶豫地走過來,幫他把火撲滅了。但是,他卻迅速地藏好了所有的東西,說他不想在這和諧的社會(huì)里挨餓。我激動(dòng)地抱著他說,他有希望成為英雄。但是,他應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)。,-4-,.高考范文必背 (2017全國(guó)卷) 假定你是李華,正在教你的英國(guó)朋友Leslie學(xué)習(xí)漢語。請(qǐng)你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容包括: 1.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn); 2.內(nèi)容:學(xué)習(xí)唐詩; 3.課前準(zhǔn)備:簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史。 注意: 1.詞數(shù)100左右; 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。,-5-,范文 Hi Lesl

4、ie, Im glad that you have made great progress in Chinese learning.You know it isnt easy to learn a foreign language.But you are so confident and never give up whenever you meet with difficulties.Im sure you will succeed through your hard work. I am writing to tell you that our next Chinese class is

5、scheduled for next Saturday.You are supposed to arrive at Room 301 before 2 p.m.You are to learn about Tang Poetry,which is a very important part of Chinese culture and history.You will read some famous poems and learn about some well-known poets,like Li Bai,Du Fu and so on.,-6-,By the way,youd bett

6、er get a brief idea of the history of the Tang Dynasty beforehand so that you can have a better understanding of the poems that we will learn. Yours, Li Hua,-7-,細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題,是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論,題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述進(jìn)行發(fā)問。常見的設(shè)題形式有直接理解題(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why,which和how等提問)、語義轉(zhuǎn)化題(

7、需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異,有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論)、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列順序題等。 抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類題的關(guān)鍵。解題原則:忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系,決不能主觀臆斷。從近幾年的試題來看,對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目的考查將由簡(jiǎn)單的信息尋找轉(zhuǎn)向多層次的細(xì)節(jié)綜合推理。,-8-,一、事實(shí)認(rèn)定類細(xì)節(jié)理解題 事實(shí)認(rèn)定類細(xì)節(jié)理解題即我們常說的直接理解題,該類題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有: 1.特殊疑問句的形式。以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。 2.判斷是非

8、的形式。含有true,false或except等的判斷是非的問題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞,如not,never等。 3.以“according to.”開頭的提問形式。 4.填空的形式。,-9-,方法突破 如何快速準(zhǔn)確找細(xì)節(jié) 做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí),大多數(shù)考生易出現(xiàn)的問題是:1.準(zhǔn)確率高,但閱讀速度太慢,缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧;2.閱讀速度快但準(zhǔn)確率低。要想快速準(zhǔn)確解答此類試題,考生不必通篇細(xì)看,而應(yīng)采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法(注意記憶關(guān)鍵的詞語,如人物、時(shí)間、事件、地點(diǎn)等,確定每道題目的發(fā)問中心,也就是說,某個(gè)問題是針對(duì)什么提問的。這樣帶著問題去閱讀文章,或略讀,或跳讀,快速在文章中尋找與

9、此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句,仔細(xì)品味,比較對(duì)照,確定答案。,-10-,注:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確選項(xiàng)有以下特征: 對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。如把lose ones job換成be out of work。 詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,如把important改成of importance;改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z態(tài),如主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。 語言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化,設(shè)置為答案。 正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。 當(dāng)然,考生也可以用排除法解細(xì)節(jié)理解題,將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)都排除。,-11-,2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn): 是原

10、文信息,但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容; 符合常識(shí),但不是文章的內(nèi)容; 與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似,只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng); 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反; 部分正確,部分錯(cuò)誤。,-12-,例(2019全國(guó)卷,A) Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a stude

11、nt?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合條件) for this program,which provi

12、des eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社區(qū)).,-13-,Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible:Stude

13、nts aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before Dece

14、mber 31 this year.,-14-,Summer Employment Opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some

15、 positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.,-15-,21.What is special about Summer Company? A.It requires no training before employment. B.It provides awards for running new businesses. C.It allows one to work in the natural environment. D.It offers more summe

16、r job opportunities. 解析:B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Summer Company部分的第一句“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知,Summer Company的特別之處在于它為創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供獎(jiǎng)金。故選B項(xiàng)。,-16-,演練1It was a fierce mayoral race.Just a few weeks ago,a cat call

17、ed Buster,was in the lead by 300 votes.But at the last hour,supporters of Pa Kettle,the search and rescue bloodhound(大警犬),pulled out all the stops and the dog with the sad eyes got first place,thus winning the famous title,Mayor of Divide,Colorado. This wild and strange mayoral race is actually part

18、 of a creative activity to collect money held by the Teller County Regional Animal Shelter.The shelter holds a“special election” every other year to find forever homes for animals in the shelter and raise money.This year,the election brought in $12,000 for the shelter.The Teller County Regional Anim

19、al Shelter greatly depends on the money collected by this mayoral race to carry out their duty.,-17-,Q:Why did the shelter hold the wild mayoral race? A.To help the police protect animals. B.To raise money for the shelter. C.To elect president of Colorado. D.To entertain the people of Divide.,B,解析:事

20、實(shí)認(rèn)定類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選文中的“This wild and strange mayoral race is actually part of a creative activity to collect money held by the Teller County Regional Animal Shelter”和“This year,the election brought in $12,000 for the shelter”可知舉辦這次活動(dòng)的目的是籌錢。故選B項(xiàng)。,-18-,演練2However,Pace had good news,too.He has also been test

21、ing the air in the US subways.Apart from iron particles,which grind the track by the wheels of the subway,the air in the subway is fresh.The reason is that the subways movement pumps fresh outdoor air into it. Q:According to the text, leads to the fresh air in the US subway. A.the subways movementB.

22、iron particles C.the subway wheelsD.air conditioners,A,-19-,解析:事實(shí)認(rèn)定類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段中的“The reason is that the subways movement pumps fresh outdoor air into it”可知,地鐵里的空氣很新鮮是因?yàn)榈罔F的運(yùn)行,所以答案為A項(xiàng)?？忌梢允紫葟膯栴}中找到關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)eads to the fresh air”,然后以此為線索,運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的方法在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié),找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍,比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的不同,在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下,確定答

23、案。,-20-,二、數(shù)字計(jì)算類細(xì)節(jié)理解題 數(shù)字計(jì)算題會(huì)出現(xiàn)在多種體裁的文章中,可能涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等方面的數(shù)字計(jì)算。數(shù)字計(jì)算類細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般要求考生能根據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),找出它們之間的關(guān)系,通過計(jì)算,得出正確的結(jié)論。 常見的命題方式有: What is the cost for a couple and a child? How much will they pay for.? How old was.when.? How long is the history of.? How many days did they stay.?,-21-,方法突破 對(duì)于此類題目,應(yīng)該先

24、閱讀題干,然后帶著題干中的關(guān)鍵詞去讀文章,對(duì)于數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等應(yīng)該在讀的同時(shí)做出標(biāo)記,以便讀完文章后做相應(yīng)的計(jì)算。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù),可采用“推算法”,即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)較多的短文,通?？刹捎谩傲斜矸ā?即按一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出,化模糊為清晰,為計(jì)算打下基礎(chǔ)。,-22-,例(2018全國(guó)卷,C) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When t

25、he world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.,-23

26、-,Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and

27、 better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.,-24-,At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rul

28、e is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for we

29、ll over 800.The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. .,-25-,30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200. 解析:B數(shù)字計(jì)算類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段

30、的第一句“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.”和最后一句中的“.is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知,B項(xiàng)正確。,-26-,演練3 A 22-year-old female student named Li Hong,in Beijing,who is planning to do her postgraduate studies in Australia,learned a

31、bout the change of the policy several weeks ago.“According to the previous deposit requirement,my family was required to put down 550,000 yuan.Now we only need to prepare 410,000 yuan.This is a relief for my parents,” Li says. Q:According to the new regulations,Lis parents can save . A.550,000 yuanB

32、.140,000 yuan C.410,000 yuanD.86,850 yuan,B,解析:數(shù)字計(jì)算類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本段中的“According to the previous deposit requirement,my family was required to put down 550,000 yuan.Now we only need to prepare 410,000 yuan.”可知,先前需要的押金為550,000元,現(xiàn)在只需410,000元,因此他們可以節(jié)省140,000元。故選B項(xiàng)。,-27-,三、排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題 排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體

33、的事實(shí),然后要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。這要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序?？忌梢韵日页鲎钤绲臅r(shí)間和事件,把它作為事件發(fā)生的起點(diǎn),然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小,從而快速地選出答案。 常見的命題方式有: What is the right order of the events? If you want to hire a bike,in which order will you do? 這種題型難度較小,一般從閱讀材料中可以直接找到答案,但是做這種題時(shí)考生容易出錯(cuò),而且這種題比較耗時(shí)間。,-28-,方法突破 1.做這類題時(shí),考

34、生必須先讀題目,帶著選項(xiàng)去讀短文,邊讀邊標(biāo)出1、2、3、4等,這樣讀完文章后答案就一目了然了。 2.“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出答案。,-29-,例A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(過敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his

35、chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR. However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead. Debb

36、ie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按壓) until the ambulance arrived.,-30-,Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said,“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I mig

37、ht as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” “Shes a little star,” said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the

38、 doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”,-31-,Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so seriou

39、s that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.,-32-,Q:Whats the right order of the events? Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped. A.

40、B. C.D. 解析:C排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的敘述可知,女孩以前就學(xué)會(huì)了CPR,所以答案應(yīng)當(dāng)在A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)之間選擇。她用腳踩父親胸部顯然是在父親的心臟停止跳動(dòng)后做的,故排除A項(xiàng)。,-33-,演練4 I read a magazine the other day and a story caught my attention.Marilyn Irlbacher of Nashua,New Hampshire,wrote about an event that took place when she was only 8 years old.As she told,she was livi

41、ng in a foster home then and worried about the 50 cents she owed her school for several lost books.Unless the money was paid in full,Marilyn would not get her fourth-grade report card. When she was told that,she fled her school in tears.She didnt have any money.And the thought of asking her foster p

42、arents for it terrified her.As she ran down the street,she ran into a tall stranger.,-34-,Here is the rest of the story in her own words: “He asked me what was the matter,and I told him about the 50 cents.He reached into his pocket,took out two quarters,and in a kind voice said,Things will be all ri

43、ght now. Overjoyed to have the money,I paid for the books,and got my report card,and shortly after that,my mother was able to take me back to live with her.”,Q:Which is the right order of the events? Marilyn fled her school in tears. Marilyn lost several books. Marilyn got her fourth-grade report ca

44、rd. Marilyn met a stranger who helped her in her path. A.B. C.D.,D,-35-,解析:排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中的“worried about the 50 cents she owed her school for several lost books.”可知,Marilyn弄丟了學(xué)校的書;再從文中的“Unless the money was paid in full,Marilyn would not get her fourth-grade report card”和“When she was told that,she

45、fled her school in tears”可知,當(dāng)她被告知如果不全額賠償?shù)脑拰⒛貌坏匠煽?jī)單時(shí),她哭著離開了學(xué)校;然后從文中的“As she ran down the street,she ran into a tall stranger”以及之后的內(nèi)容可知,在路上她碰見了一位給予她幫助的陌生人;最后從文中的 “got my report card”可知,她賠了書錢拿到了成績(jī)單。這是文章中事件發(fā)展的順序。因此答案為D項(xiàng)。,-36-,A,B,C,When I began planning to move to Auckland to study,my mother was a little

46、 worried about the uncertainty of living in a place that was so different from India,where we lived.She worried particularly about the lack of jobs,the cultural differences and the chance that I would face racism. Despite these worries,I came to New Zealand in July,2009.I have found the place and pe

47、ople very nice and supportive.Soon after I arrived,I realized the importance of getting a job to supply my living expenses. Determined to do this on my own,I spent a whole day going from door to door asking for a job.However,I received little or no response. This became my routine every day after co

48、llege for a few weeks.,-37-,A,B,C,One afternoon,I walked into a building to ask if there were any job opportunities.People there were very surprised,and advised me not to continue my job search in that manner.As I was about to leave,a clerk in the building,who had been listening to what the others h

49、ad said, approached me and asked if I would wait outside.Fifteen minutes later, he returned.He asked me what my plans were and encouraged me to stay confident.He then offered to take me to the Royal Oak area to search for a job.,-38-,A,B,C,I was a little surprised,but had a good feeling about him,so

50、 I went along.Along the way,I realized that I had run out of copies of my resume(簡(jiǎn)歷).The man stopped at his business partners office to make me 15 extra copies.He also gave me tips on dressing and speaking,and added that I should give him a call if I ever needed anything.I handed out my resumes and

51、went home feeling very satisfied.The following day,I received a call from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job. It seems that the world always gives back to you when you need it.And this time,it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者在新西蘭留學(xué)期間如何在好心人的幫

52、助下找到第一份工作的故事。,-39-,A,B,C,1.What wasnt the authors mother worried about? A.People might look down on the author. B.The author couldnt speak the local language. C.The author wasnt familiar with local customs. D.It might be difficult for the author to find a job.,B,解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,作者的母親在其去新西蘭留學(xué)之前擔(dān)

53、心他找不到工作、不適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕约翱赡軙?huì)受到種族歧視,但文中并沒有提到對(duì)其語言方面的擔(dān)心,即B項(xiàng)正確。,-40-,A,B,C,2.After staying in New Zealand for a short time,the author. A.decided to go back to his own country B.felt the local people were not very friendly C.had to find a job to cover his living expenses D.wanted to get a job that needed practic

54、al skills,C,解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,到新西蘭不久,作者就意識(shí)到要找份工作來補(bǔ)貼生活費(fèi)的重要性了,即C項(xiàng)正確。,-41-,A,B,C,3.When the author went into a building to look for a job,. A.a clerk gave him encouragement and advice B.he was confident that he would find a good one C.he found many college students like him already there D.a clerk r

55、ecommended him to the company he worked for,A,解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句以及第五段的“He also gave me tips on dressing and speaking”可知,作者去一棟寫字樓里找工作時(shí),一個(gè)好心的職員給了他一些鼓勵(lì)和建議,即A項(xiàng)正確。,-42-,A,B,C,4.What is the story mainly about? A.How a stranger offered the author a job. B.How a stranger turned out to be a real blessing. C

56、.How the author adapted himself to a new situation. D.How the author was helped to get a job by a stranger.,D,解析:主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的總結(jié)以及對(duì)全文的整體理解可知,本文主要講述的是作者在新西蘭留學(xué)期間如何在好心人的幫助下找到第一份工作的故事,故D項(xiàng)正確。,-43-,A,B,C,(2019全國(guó)卷,A) My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Wi

57、ll series(系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Mis

58、s Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but theyre also aspirational.,-44-,A,B,C,After Dark Haruki Murakami Its about two sistersEri,a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.In trying to connect to her sister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of

59、 diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Flynn There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant.Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable.,-45-,A,B,C,The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population,a battle un