1、最新資料推薦定語從句一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句 。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導(dǎo)， 連接詞稱 為 關(guān) 系 代 詞 （ which,that,as,whom,who,whose） 或 關(guān)系 副 詞（ when,where,why）1、限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句起對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定、 區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。（此類定語從句前后沒有逗號(hào)）【eg】The dress thatmy mother bought formeis very beautiful.我媽媽給我買的裙子很漂亮

2、。非限定性定語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散， 只對(duì)先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達(dá)清楚。 （此類定語從句前后用逗號(hào)隔開）【 eg 】 Yourwritings,whicheveryoneadmires,areverymarvelous.你的作品人人欣賞，實(shí)在是太了不起了。Shakespeare,whose playsarepopular,was a greatwriter.莎士比亞是個(gè)偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。某些情況下， 一個(gè)定語從句既可以作限定性定語從句， 又可以作為非限定性定語從句，但二者含義有差別?！?eg】There are ten cars her

3、e which are made in China.這里有十輛中國制造的車。（這里可能還有其他的車）There are ten cars here , which are made in China.這里有十輛車，它們都是中國制造的。（這里只有十輛車） that 和 why 一般不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，其他引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。1最新資料推薦【eg】My elder brother, who is an engineer , is working abroad.我的哥哥在國外工作，他是一個(gè)工程師。Lastyear , I visitedQuanzho

4、u , which is a beautifulcityin Fujian Province.去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個(gè)漂亮的城市。2、關(guān)系代詞的使用指代對(duì)象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat賓格whom/thatwhich/thatthat所有格whosewhose/ofwhich which 和 that 指物 which 和 that引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當(dāng)他們在賓語從句中做賓語時(shí)，that和 which ?？梢允÷浴！?eg】We must respect the custom here that has exist

5、ed for hundreds of years.我們必須尊重這里存在了數(shù)百年的習(xí)俗。（做主語）This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.這就是我想買的那本書。（做 buy 的賓語）多數(shù)情況下， that 和 which 可以通用。 在下列幾種情況下，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that ，不用或少用 which 。a 先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或the only , the very , thelast等表絕對(duì)意義的詞作修飾語?！緀g】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.這是世

6、界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。The only thing( that) he is interestedin is collectingstamps.他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。b 先行詞為不定代詞（anything , nothing , everything）或被little , few , much, any , no等修飾2最新資料推薦【 eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。Everything that should be done has been done.一切應(yīng)該做的事情都已經(jīng)做了

7、。若先行詞是 something ，定語從句用 that和 which都可以。c 先行詞既包括人又包括物【eg】They talkedof people and things( that) they rememberedin England.他們談起了記憶中在英國的人和事。d 當(dāng)句中已有 wh疑問句，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用 which 。 在下列幾種情況下，一般使用which 引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用that.a 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句【eg】China , which is the third largestcountryin the world ,is playing

8、an important part in the world affairs.中國是世界上第三大國家，它在國際事務(wù)中起著重要的作用。b that和 which 在從句中作介詞的賓語。介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。介詞放在句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that和 which ，也可省略。介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)， 只能用 which 不能用 that ，且 which 不可省?！?eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles areopened with.=A bottleopener isa toolwith which bottle

9、sare opened.開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。c 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語?！?eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad.我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請柬。這個(gè)邀請，正如我所告訴你的，使我感到萬分榮幸。d 若先行詞是 that ，則用 which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 (that which的結(jié)3最新資料推薦構(gòu)通常出現(xiàn)在諺語中 )【 eg】That which is evil is soon learned.壞事易學(xué)。 先行詞是 way時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)

10、系代詞有三種形式:inwhich/ that 或不用引導(dǎo)詞?！?eg】The way he speaks is unique. =The way that he speaks is unique.=The way in which he speaks is unique.他說話的方式很奇特。 who,whom 和 that 指人 who和 that 在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語whom在從句中只可用做賓語。當(dāng) who , whom 和 that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，可以省略?！緀g】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over

11、there?你認(rèn)識(shí)在那邊和John 說話的那個(gè)女孩嗎？The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.剛才和你說話的那個(gè)是我們的老師。 who , whom , that 在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。介詞位于句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who , whom 或 that ，也可省略。介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)， 只能用 whom不能用 that 和 who，并且 whom 不可省。（注意與 2/ / /b 類比）【 eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) yo

12、u have just talked with is our teacher.=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher.剛才和你說話的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。 whose 指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關(guān)系。4最新資料推薦“whose+名詞” =“名詞 + of which ”二者意思相同，可互換?！緀g】Look at the house whose windows are round.=Look at the house the windows of which are round.看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。 as 引導(dǎo)

13、的定語從句 先行詞有 such 或 the same 修飾，或者在 as/so as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用 as做關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句?！?eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.我想買一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。當(dāng) the same修飾先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用 as 也可用 that 。區(qū)別： that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。as 既可以表示“同一個(gè)”

14、又可以表示“同類”?！?eg】This is the same book that I have lost.這就是我丟失的那本書。This is the same book as I have lost.這本書和我丟失的那本一模一樣。 as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句, 修飾的是前面的整個(gè)句子。which 也有這種用法 , 兩者在大部分情況下可互換?！?eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes.她剛剛哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。As is known to all , Ch

15、ina is the third largest countryin the world.眾所周知，中國是世界上第三大繁榮國家。5最新資料推薦which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句和引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別：a which 從句只能放在句末，而as 從句可位于句首、句中、句末。【 eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer.眾所周知，馬克 ?吐溫是一位偉大的作家。b 當(dāng)主句是否定句時(shí)， as 不能用 which 來替換。as 從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義?！緀g】Spiders are not insects , as many

16、 people think.蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。3、 關(guān)系副詞 when , where , why 的使用關(guān)系副詞 where , when , why 在從句中分別做地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語。他們經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~ + which ”來替代when可替換為 on / at / in / during + which ,在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語?！?eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met.我還記得我們初次見面的那一天。Do you still remember the summer vacation wh

17、en / during which we visited a lot of places in Beijing?你還記得我們在北京游覽了很多地方的那個(gè)暑假嗎？ where可替換為 at / in / to + which，在定語從句中跟在表地點(diǎn)的名詞后面做地點(diǎn)狀語?！?eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study.那就是我過去學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim.想一個(gè)我們可以去游泳的地方。 why 可替換為 for which ，引導(dǎo)先行詞為

18、reason 的定語從句，表示原因?！緀g】This is the reason why / for which he was late.這就是他遲到的原因。 關(guān)系副詞 when , where , why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)一般可用 that 替換，也可省略?！緀g】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )6最新資料推薦she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that )she goes to bed.她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺，她都在工作。That is

19、 the place ( where / that ) I went before.那就是我們從前去過的地方。Do you know the reason ( why / that) he leftthe company?你知道他離開公司的原因嗎？二、例題1、（）The floodoverflowedthe riverbanks,_ frequently happened inthatarea.A as itB whichC itD such2、（）This is the best novel _ we have read in recent years.A whichB thatC asD

20、so3、（）All _ is a large sum of money.A what is neededB that is neededC the thing neededD for their needs4、（）Read thetexta second timeand you willprobablyknow what theprinciple_ a hovercraft works.A is on thatB has on whichC is on whichD on which5、（）The way _ he gives his performances is appreciated b

21、y his fans.Which of the followings is wrong?A /B whichC in whichD that6、（）My assistant, _ carefullyreadthroughthe instructionsbeforedoingthe experiment , did not get satisfactory results.A who thoughtB even whoC who hadD who having7、（）In the dark streets, therewas nota singleperson _ she couldturnfo

22、r help.A thatB whoC from whomD to whom8、（）The neighbourhood factory,_ workersare allwomen,turnsouttoys7最新資料推薦of fine quality.A thereB whichC whoseD when9、（）He issuch an outstandingleader_ is loved by the peoplethroughoutthe country.A asB thatC whichD who10、（） The can opener is easy to handle , _ is

23、shown in the picture.A as itB asC thatD since11、（） Everythingwas quiteallright _ one day _ she got intotrouble.A not until ; whenB until ; beforeC not until ; beforeD until ; when12、（） A fast food restaurant is theplace _ ,justas the name suggests ,eating is performed quickly.A whichB whereC thereD

24、what13、（） The plane was delayed , _ was that the weather was terrible.A the reason whyB the reason for itC the reason of itD the reason for which14、（） Do not let the child who is _ swim in rivers.A not old enoughB too young toC not old enough toD young enough to15、（） I think you have gottothe point

25、_ ,a change is needed ,otherwiseyou will fail.A whenB thatC whereD which三、鞏固練習(xí)1、（）Is this university _ they paid a visit to last month?A whichB whereC the oneD which you2、（）I will never forget the days _ we spent together in the village.A /B whenC whatD how3、（） _ is mentioned above , the number of t

26、he students in senior highschools is increasing.A WhichB AsC ThatD It4、（）I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam _ I8最新資料推薦was caught.A whichB whereC in whichD when5、（）Has everything _ can be done _ done?A / ; /B / ; beenC that ; beenD that ; be6、（）Can you find me something _ ?A to open the tinB that I can open the tinC I can open the tin withD by which to open the tin7、（）Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _ it comes in contact.A whereB wi