1、動(dòng)詞不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),一、不定式的功能 1、主語(yǔ)：不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 eg

2、: To make a new dress takes her a lot of time. Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,2、做表語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+不定式 eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. The house is to let. She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started

3、 to rain. 3. 做定語(yǔ): eg: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on. She is the best person to finish the work. There is no need for him to come. He has no time to read the book.,4. 做狀語(yǔ):目的、結(jié)果、原因 eg: He stopped to have a look.目的 He ran so fast as to get to school in time.目的 The que

4、stion is too difficult to answer.結(jié)果 They worked hard enough to finish their work.結(jié)果 Im very sorry to see you.原因 He was afraid to leave him home.原因,5. 做賓語(yǔ): 不定式做賓語(yǔ)的情況，一般表示將來(lái)的行為,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)和不定式的動(dòng)作都是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的. eg. He wanted to buy a set of furniture. I find it worthwhile to study Politics. 6. 做賓補(bǔ)(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主

5、謂關(guān)系) He saked me to develop a new software with him. The officer ordered his soliders to move on.,7.獨(dú)立成分。to tell the truth 、to be frank等常用作插入語(yǔ) To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. 8.不定式與wh-、how連用在句中做主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) eg How to solve the problm is very important. I dont know how to say. The question is w

6、hen to start the meeting.,二、不定式的形式 時(shí)態(tài): 三態(tài) to do/ to be doing/ to have done 一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后發(fā)生（被動(dòng) to be done) eg: We saw him go to the shop. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 進(jìn)行式表示不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行. eg: He pretended to be working hard. 完成式表示不定式動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)前發(fā)生.(被動(dòng) to have been done) eg:

7、Im glad to have seen your mother. No harm seems to have been done.,三、動(dòng)詞不定式to的幾種常見省略,1感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不需要帶to，即我們常說(shuō)的“一覺二聽三讓五看”：feel、listen to 、hear 、let、make、have、see、watch、notice、observe、look at. He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand. The teacher has us write a composition every week. Th

8、e person was seen to enter the shop by us .(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2.在had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to。Youd better not tell him the news .Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.,3由 all,what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句或者主語(yǔ)被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其表語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去to。 All I did was empty t

9、he bottle. What I wanted to do was drive all night. 4常用的結(jié)構(gòu)may well do，may as well do (還是好了)及but或except后接不定式時(shí)，如果它們前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do便可省略to。 We might as well put up here for tonight. There is nothing he could do but play all day long。 I Ihad no choice but to give up.（無(wú)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do）,5在had better，would rather，rather t

10、han之后省略to。 Youd better not tell him the news . Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. 6不定式做help后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可帶to也可不帶。 Can I help（to）carry it for you? I helped him（to）mend the bike.,四、不定式小品詞to和介詞to ：1.下列to為不定的小品詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形： be able to,be about to,have to,ought to,tooto,in order to,so as t

11、o,used to等。 You ought to follow your fathers advice. 2.下列to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或V-ing形式：pay attention to,look forward to,be/get used to(習(xí)慣于),lead to,stick to,belong to,devote oneself to等。如： Im looking forward to seeing you again. 五、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 eg.I want to have something to read. I need a pen to write with

12、. What to do next has not been decided. The car is to let.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecti

13、ng D. expects,選擇：,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy _ all the way home.,to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. carried,5. The boy wanted to rid

14、e his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.,A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,to be chosen B. to choose from C.

15、to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.,A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled,10. She will tell us why she feels

16、 so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (,A.to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.,to make B. making

17、C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise.,A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,13. I _ you the exciting news, but you were not at home. A. meant telling B. meant to tell C. meant to having told D. meant to telling 14. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lo

18、se his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 15. My friend, David, was not used _ by air, so he felt unwell. A. to travel B. to traveling C. traveling D. travel 16. When I went out it happened _. A. to rain B. rain C. to be raining D. raining 17. I felt it an honour _

19、to speak here. A. asking B. having asked C. to ask D. to be asked,18. No matter how busy he is, he _ at least 15 minutes a day. A. makes a rule read B. makes a rule reading C. makes it a rule read D. makes it a rule to read 19. If Mary doesnt come to work on time, she may be fired. Surely she is not

20、 so foolish _ it. A. as not to realize B. not as to realize C. that she didnt realizeD. as not realizing 20. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tellB. remember telling C. have remembered to tellD. have remembered telling,填空。1. Mary is always the first student (answer) th

21、e teachers questions in class. 2. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? - (get)enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. 3.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. 4. Wet umbrellas are not allowed (take) into this hotel according to the rule. 5. Robert is said _ _ (

22、study)abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. 6. In Australia he made a lot of friends (get)a very practical knowledge of English.,to answer,To get,to help,to be taken,to have studied,to get,7.You had better _ (have)your hair cut. 8.The boy told his father that he would rather _ (become)an astronaut.9.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. 10. - I usually go there by train. - Why not try _ (go)by boat for a change? 11. He wants to do nothing but (go)out. 12. He wants to believe anything but_ (take)the medicine. 13.She cant help _ (clean)the house because she