1、定語從句定語從句 定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is h

2、e the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。3）which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語

3、等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語） w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）when, where, why關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which)

4、one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。2）that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和介詞+ which引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 w.

5、w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 限制性和非限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)， 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 介詞+關(guān)系詞 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m as, which非限定性定語從句 由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句

6、，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1） as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2） as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。As 的用法例1. the same as；suchas 中的as 是

7、一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 關(guān)系代詞that的用法1）不用that的情況a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。b) 介詞后不能用。2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在there be

8、 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。c)先行詞有the only, the very, the same 修飾時，只用that。d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。定語從句1、We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.witch B.whose C. i

9、n which D. with which2、Was it through Mary,_ was working at a high school, _ you got to know Tom?A. who; who B. that; which C. who; that D.who; which3、For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. A. for whichB. in whichC. of which D. from which4、Thi

10、s is the young man _ sister I have worked five years.A. who B. whom C. whose D. with whose5、Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, _ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply.A. when B. that C. so that D. where6、-Where did you s

11、ee him for the first time?- It was in the factory _ we worked. Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen7、The best way to make a kid to be independent is to put him in a position _ he has no one else to refer to Athat Bwhat Cwhere Dwhich8、We have all learnt that nature is like a balanced net, humans are just a very

12、 small part, together with animals, plants, air and more.Awhich Bwhose Cthat Dwhere9. Mary lives in the room, the door _ opens east.A. of it B. of which C. of that D. whose10. The engineer _ my father is talking has just come from abroad.A. with whom B. with who C. with which D. that11. He lives in

13、a hotel, _ is only five minutes walk from here.A. that B. which C. in which D. where12. Is there anything _ I can do for you?. A. which B. who C. as D. that13. The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _are known to us.A. which B. that C. as D. who14 This is the reason _ they are a

14、ll against the plan.A. which B. that C. why D. what15. I didnt like the way _ she spoke to me.A. which B. that C. how D. as16. It was at our college library _ I borrowed the novel.A. which B. in which C. that D. where17. I have seen trees, _ open at sunrise and close at sunset.A. which the leaves B.

15、 of which leaves C. whose leaves D. its leaves18. The foreign guests, _ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of whom B. most of them C. most of which D. most of those19. Is the river _ through the town very long?A. flows B. that flows C. which flow D. the one flows20 The bike

16、 and its rider _ had knocked down the boy were taken to the police. A. who B .that C. which D. whom21. This is the very letter _ I am looking for . A. which B. that C. as D. what22. Tom didnt attend the meeting, _ we expected. A. where B. that C. as D. what23. This is the third week _ the dustmen ha

17、vent come for the rubbish. A. that B. when C. which D. on which24. To get the job started, _ I need is your permission. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that25. “Thirty-nine Steps” is one of the most exciting films _ directed by Alfred Hotchcock. A. which was B. that was C. that were D.

18、which were26. Those _ were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes. A. who B. that C. which D. whose27. Shell be on the same train _ I am on today. A. as B. like C. with D. that28. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city? A. which B. whose C. what D. who29. Winter is

19、 the time of year _ the days are short and nights are long. A. that B. which C. when D. whose30. Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. A. that B. which C. it D. who讓步邏輯詞1，although, even if, 即使 (偏假設性)， even though 雖然 (偏事實) Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedo

20、m, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.2. no matter how /what /who等=疑問句+ever No matter who/whoever you are, you must keep the law.3. as long as .4，名詞/表語/動詞+as 倒裝。表“縱使”5， Whetheror 正反倆方面，6，Despite +n/ving =in spite of 盡管（不加句子） Her words were so satirical that I lost my temper in spit

21、e of myself. It is free libraries that enrich the general culture （豐富大眾文化）. The libraries provide citizens with good books to read and good place to exchange ideas of books. In the essay, I will discuss two views of the topic.It is claimed that（以下觀點是。） government needs to run（運作） free libraries in a

22、lmost every town. In fact, it can largely improve the general culture, which brings a stable society. In the libraries, citizens can read a lot of literatures, textbooks and newspapers available. Although some of the citizens can buy and read the reading materials, they may think that it is unnecess

23、ary because they only want the information from the books rather than keep the books for long. Obviously, reading books from free libraries is their preference（偏好，喜愛）. #前面引用第一個觀點，用in fact 立論上述觀點（ in fact 可用to the specific代替）Others argue that establishing the library is wasteful of money （= a waste of 浪費的）because the citizens may learn about information from