1、非謂語動詞專項復習與解析考點知識精講非謂語動詞包括動名詞、分詞和不定式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語和狀語，也可以和助動詞結合構成進行時、完成時和被動語態(tài)。構成句子成分不定式to動詞原形除謂語外的任何成分有將要之意分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing表語 賓語 定語 狀語主動、進行過去分詞done表語 賓語 定語 狀語被動、完成動名詞doing主語 賓語 表語 定語表一般情況考點一 不定式1不定式的基本形式是to動詞原形，它具有動詞的特點，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但它沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式和自己的賓語或狀語構成不定式短語。My father asked me not

2、to read in bed.我爸爸告訴我不要在床上讀書。2不定式的句法作用動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。(1)作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，Itbe形容詞(for sb.)動詞不定式。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(對我們來說)保護環(huán)境是很重要的。注：當在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你幫助我真是太好啦。(2

3、)作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find，think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓補時，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio

4、.露西要他關小收音機的音量。(4)作定語動詞不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。I have a lot of homework to_do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。(5)作狀語Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上?？此畠?。Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因)我們很高興在這見到你。He is too tired to_work_on.(結果)他太累了而不能繼續(xù)工作。3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketba

5、ll too long.他們告訴我們不要玩太長時間籃球。4不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。He didnt know where_to_go. (where to gowhere he should go)他不知道去哪里。考點二 動名詞動名詞由動詞原形ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質，也有名詞的性質，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等。1作主語，如：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對身體健康有害。注：動名詞和動詞不定式作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動名詞作主

6、語多表示抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。2作表語，如：My mothers job is raising chicken.我母親的工作是養(yǎng)雞。3作賓語，如：I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再聽一遍那個故事。4作定語，如：Lets join the singing group.讓我們加入合唱隊吧。5其后常接動名詞的動詞及動詞詞組有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，h

7、ave difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(習慣于)等。其后既可以接動名詞，也可接動詞不定式的動詞有l(wèi)ove，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介詞后接動名詞的動詞短語有keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，

8、be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。6當need，require，want作“需要”解時，后加動名詞主動式等于不定式的被動式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗戶需要被清洗。7不定式是不及物動詞時，作定語不能省去介詞。Weihai is a good place to_live_in.威海是一個居住的好地方?？键c三 分詞1.分詞的構成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞ing”構成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞ed”，但也有

9、不規(guī)則的形式。2分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你認識站在樹下面的那個女孩嗎？Please hand in your exercises.請交上你們的練習。分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞。狀語The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.學生們談笑著走出了教室。分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主句主語。表語The boy is too frightened to move.這個男孩太害怕了以至于不能動了?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質、特征；過

10、去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。補足語Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要讓我們等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school.放學后他要去理發(fā)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動關系)；過去分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動關系)注：現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，主語一般是物；過去分詞表示“感到的”，主語一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他聽到那個消息

11、感到很吃驚。The news is surprising.那個消息令人吃驚。辨析：(1)有些動詞或詞組后接動名詞或不定式均可，但意義稍有差別。stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事 Stop thinking，please.請停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下來想一會兒。rember to do sth.記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）rember to do sth.記得曾做過某事（動作以發(fā)生）I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)Pleas

12、e remember to_post my letter.請記住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)forget to do sth.忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）forget doing sth.忘記做過某事（動作以發(fā)生）I forgot to_bring_my_homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。(沒帶作業(yè))I forgot bringing_my_homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。(作業(yè)已帶來)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們談話。Please try to_do b

13、etter next time.下次設法做得更好些。go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完這個練習題后，接著做另一個練習題。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一會兒之后，我們繼續(xù)做練習。allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事We dont allow smoking here.我們不允許在這兒

14、吸煙。We dont allow students to_go out on school days.上學時，我們不允許學生外出。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別。我們常見的動詞如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它們接不帶to的不定式作賓補，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示動作正在進行著。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個動作正在進行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個動作已結束)

15、(3)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised man 一個受驚嚇的人在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country發(fā)達國家(4)易混句式have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的區(qū)別。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調動

16、作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)這個動作往往具有持續(xù)進行的含義。The two men had the boy running all night long.那兩個人讓這個男孩跑了一夜。have sth.done意為“讓某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人(即非主語本身)來完成，含有被動意

17、義且強調動作已經(jīng)完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司機每周叫人洗一次車?？键c訓練一、單項選擇(42分)1 We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can chat for a while. Ato keep Bkeeping Ckeep Dkept【解析】由句意“我們可以生火讓房間暖和起來，以便我們能閑聊一會兒”知此處應為動詞不定式作目的狀語，故選A。【答案】A2 Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesti

18、ng _a foreign language. Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn【解析】本題考查動詞不定式的用法。find itadj.to do sth.“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣”是一種固定句式，故選D。【答案】D3 We cant work out the physics problem.Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do itChow to do it Dwhat should to do【解析】本題考查“疑問詞不定式”的用法。句意為“我們做不出這道物理題，你能告訴我們怎樣做嗎？”how to do sth.“怎

19、樣做某事”，do后的賓語不能省略。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾4 May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report.Awrite BwritingCto write Dwritten【解析】finish后若跟動詞，要用v.ing形式，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽5I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?Ago Bdid you goCto go Ddo you go 【解析】本題考查why not的用法。why not與why dont you同義，其后要接動詞原形，故選A?！敬鸢浮緼6 P

20、lan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _what you like every day.Ado Bto doCdoing Ddone【解析】have time to do sth.“有時間做某事”是固定短語，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽7Dont forget _your homework，John.OK.Ill do right now. Adoing Bdo Cto do【解析】forget to do sth.“忘記要做某事(還沒做)”；forget doing sth.“忘記做過某事(已經(jīng)做了)”。由句意“約翰，別忘了做

21、作業(yè)。”知選C。【答案】C8 At last the boy was made _and began to laugh.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役動詞make變?yōu)楸粍邮綍r，后面省略的to要補充出來。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”。由題意知選C。【答案】C9 If prices rise too high, the government has to do some

22、thing _it. Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop【解析】本題考查動詞不定式的用法。由句意“如果價格漲得過高，政府必須做一些事情來阻止它。”可知用動詞不定式作目的狀語。【答案】D10 The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.Ainvent BinventsCinventing Dinvented【解析】句意為“由諾曼白求恩發(fā)明的新的治療方法幫助了許多士兵”。由句意可知用過去分詞短語invented by Norman Bethune作后置定語修飾名詞treatmen

23、ts。故選D。【答案】D11I often have hamburgers for lunch.Youd better not.Its bad for you _too much junk food. Aeat Bto eat Ceating Date【解析】“Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意為“對某人來說做某事是的”。句中it作形式主語，后面的不定式短語作真正的主語?！敬鸢浮緽12 Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it. Aspeak Bto speak Cspoke Dspeaks【解析

24、】本題考查動詞不定式。由句意“無論什么時候你有一個說英語的機會，你應該抓住它。”可知用不定式短語作后置定語?！敬鸢浮緽13Its a fine day today.How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hike【解析】How about.？意為“怎么樣？”about是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式，故排除A、B、D三項。go hiking“去徒步旅行”?！敬鸢浮緾14 Water Park is a good place _.Ato have fun Bhave funChaving fun

25、Dto have a fun【解析】have fun是固定短語，意為“玩得高興，過得愉快”。由句意“水上公園是一個游玩的好地方”可知用動詞不定式作后置定語?！敬鸢浮緼15 When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei _my homework.I really got _.Acopying；annoyed Bcopying；annoyingCcopy；annoyed Dcopied；annoyed【解析】notice后接不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞的ing形式，其意思分別為：注意到某人做了某事(看到該動作的全過程)；注意到某人正在做

26、某事。由題干語境可知第一空應填copying。annoying“使生氣的；使惱怒的”，主語多為事物：annoyed“生氣的；煩惱的”，主語多為人。由主語I知第二空填annoyed。【答案】A16As we all know，its not polite to keep others _for a long time. Await Bwaited Cto wait Dwaiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，動名詞作賓補。句意是“我們都知道，讓別人一直等很長時間是不禮貌的。”故選D。【答案】D17 You had better _because you ha

27、ve to drive back home.Anot drinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于給對方提建議，do為不帶to的不定式作賓補；had better的否定形式一般將not加在better之后，即had better not do sth.。【答案】B18 While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground，so we all stopped _what w

28、as wrong with him.Ato run；to see Brunning；seeing Crunning；to see【解析】stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.意為“停下來去做某事”。句意為“我們在操場上跑步時，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我們都停下來看他怎么了?！惫蔬xC?！敬鸢浮緾19_a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.ABeing；being BTo be；beingCBeing；to be DTo be

29、；to be【解析】第一個空為動名詞作主語；第二個空want to do/be為固定結構，不定式作賓語。句意為“做志愿者很棒?！薄拔乙策@樣認為，我們中的一些人想做倫敦奧運會的志愿者?！薄敬鸢浮緾20 Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _true. Acome Bcame Ccomes【解析】make sb.do sth.意為“使某人做某事”。句意為“許多學生說他們愿意努力工作，使他們的夢想能夠實現(xiàn)?！薄敬鸢浮緼21 Danny did all kinds of things t

30、o make his sister _. Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to cry Dstop to cry【解析】make后面跟不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”，由句意知選B?！敬鸢浮緽22 We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _. Ato live; to choose which one Blived; choose which one Cto live in; which one to choose

31、Dlive; which one【解析】根據(jù)句意“我們有兩間屋子去居住，但是我不知道選擇哪一間。”第一個句子中l(wèi)ive in的in不能省略。“選擇哪一間”用“which one to choose”。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾23We dont have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out together? OK.What about _ a movie? Ato see Bseeing Csee Dsees【解析】what about后跟動詞的ing形式，因此答案為B。【答案】B24 Why not _ an English club to pra

32、ctice _ English? Ato join; to speak Bjoin; speaking Cjoin; to speak Dto join; speaking【解析】why not 動詞原形；practice后跟動名詞，故答案應選B。【答案】B25How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry.I prefer _ rather than _. Ato stay at home; go out Bto go out; stay at home Cstaying at home; go out Dgoing out; stay

33、 at home【解析】prefer to do rather than do意為“寧愿而不愿”。句意為“寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去?！惫蔬xA。【答案】A26Wheres your brother now, Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. Aplaying; dont do so Bplaying; not to do so Cplay; to do so【解析】see sb. doing sth.意思是“看到某人在干某事”；tell sb. to do sth.“告訴某人干某事”，其否定形式是在to前加n

34、ot?！敬鸢浮緽27 Nancy is really a hardworking student.We often see her _ books in the classroom.Aread Bto read Creads【解析】see sb.do sth.意為“看見某人做某事”。句意為“南希真的是一個勤奮的學生。我們經(jīng)?？匆娝诮淌依镒x書。”【答案】A28Why did you buy a radio? _ English. ALearn BLearning CTo learn DBe learning【解析】動詞不定式表目的?！敬鸢浮緾29 Doctors tell people _ t

35、heir hands often and to stay home if they feel ill. Ato wash Bwashes Cwash Dwashing【解析】考查tell sb.to do sth.的用法?！敬鸢浮緼30 Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us. Adid not Bto not Cnot Dnot to【解析】考查would rather not do sth.的用法?！敬鸢浮緾31Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon. A

36、leaving Bleaves Cto leave Dare you leaving【解析】考查特殊疑問詞不定式作賓語的用法?！敬鸢浮緾32Im very tired these days because of studying for physics. Why not _ music? It can make you _. Alisten to; relaxing Bto listen to; to relax Clistening to; relax Dlisten to; relax【解析】考查why not do sth.和make sb.do sth.結構?！敬鸢浮緿33 I saw

37、 John _ near the river on my way home. Aplays Bplaying Cto play Dplayed【解析】see sb. do sth.“看見某人做了某事”；see sb.doing sth.“看見某人正在做某事”。由句意可知選B。【答案】B34 Please dont forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing. Aclean Bto clean Ccleaned Dcleaning【解析】考查forget to do sth.結構。【答案】B35 The doctor did what he coul

38、d _ the dying man. Asave Bto save Csaved Dsaving【解析】動詞不定式表目的?！敬鸢浮緽36Would you mind _ my little sister while I am away? Of course not. Alooking for Blooking at Clooking after Dlooking forward to【解析】考查would you mind doing sth.結構。由句意知look after“照顧”符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾37May I listen to the music here, Mr White? S

39、orry, youd better _ it like that. Anot to do Bnot do Cdont do Dnot do to【解析】考查had better的否定形式had better not do sth.?！敬鸢浮緽38 Im hungry now.Lets stop _. Ahaving a meal Bhaving a rest Cto have a meal Dto have a rest【解析】考查stop to do sth.結構。再根據(jù)句意知選C。【答案】C39What a heavy rain! So it is.I prefer _ at home _ on such a rainy day. Awatch TV; to go out Bwatch TV; go out Cwatching TV; to going out Dto watch TV; going out【解析】考查prefer doing sth.to doing sth.結構?！敬鸢浮緾40 He often tells me _ too much time _ computer games. Ato not spend; play Bnot to spend; play Cto not spend; playing Dnot to spend; play